The Presidents and the Constitution: A Living History PDF
Preview The Presidents and the Constitution: A Living History
✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ The Presidents ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ and the ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ Constitution ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ This page intentionally left blank ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ The Presidents and the Constitution A Living History Edited by Ken Gormley NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS New York ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ ✩ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS New York www.nyupress.org © 2016 by New York University All rights reserved References to Internet websites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. Neither the au- thor nor New York University Press is responsible for URLs that may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gormley, Ken, editor. Title: The Presidents and the Constitution : a living history / edited by Ken Gormley. Description: New York : New York University Press, 2016. | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015043555 | ISBN 9781479839902 (cl : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Executive power—United States—History. | Presidents—United States—History. | Constitutional history—United States. Classification: LCC KF5053 .P75 2016 | DDC 342.73/062—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015043555 New York University Press books are printed on acid- free paper, and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability. We strive to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the greatest extent possible in publishing our books. Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Also available as an ebook This book is dedicated to the law students, graduate students, and undergraduates at the authors’ respective universities and colleges whose interest in, and enthusiasm for, the topic of American presi- dents and the Constitution has inspired the telling of this impor- tant story. The editor additionally dedicates this book to his wife, Laura Kozler Gormley, their children— Carolyn, Luke, Becca, and Maddy—a nd their two puppies, Gracie and Simba, who endured years’ worth of boxes piled up in the study, along with nights and weekends listening to nonstop stories about obscure presidents, as the book took shape. It may not be the same as serving as president of the United States, but being co- chief executive of this wonderful family—a lbeit with limited powers, in a much smaller white house in Pittsburgh—i s the greatest honor imaginable. — Ken Gormley Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, February 2015 Contents Introduction: An Unfinished Presidency 1 Ken Gormley Part I. The Founding Era 1. George Washington............17 Richard J. Ellis 2. John Adams ..................34 Louis Fisher 3. Thomas Jefferson..............47 Cliff Sloan, Louis Fisher, and Moshe Spinowitz 4. James Madison................61 Ralph Ketcham 5. James Monroe ................75 Gary Hart 6. John Quincy Adams............89 Jonathan L. Entin Part II. The Age of Jackson 7. Andrew Jackson ..............103 Mark A. Graber 8. Martin Van Buren ............116 Michael J. Gerhardt [ vi ] Contents 9. William Henry Harrison .......126 David Marks Shribman 10. John Tyler...................136 Robert J. Spitzer 11. James K. Polk ................149 Frank J. Williams Part III. The Pre– Civil War Era 12. Zachary Taylor...............161 Paul Finkelman 13. Millard Fillmore..............173 Joseph F. Rishel 14. Franklin Pierce...............181 Paul Finkelman 15. James Buchanan..............194 Thomas A. Horrocks Part IV. Civil War and Reconstruction 16. Abraham Lincoln.............211 William D. Pederson 17. Andrew Johnson..............227 Michael Les Benedict 18. Ulysses S. Grant..............239 John F. Marszalek [ vii ] Contents Part V. The Gilded Age 19. Rutherford B. Hayes............253 Michael A. Ross 20. James A. Garfield..............266 Thomas C. Sutton 21. Chester A. Arthur..............276 Thomas C. Sutton 22. Grover Cleveland, First Term.....288 Donald Grier Stephenson Jr. 23. Benjamin Harrison.............297 Allan B. Spetter 24. Grover Cleveland, Second Term...308 Donald Grier Stephenson Jr. 25. William McKinley .............316 Thomas C. Sutton Part VI. The Progressive Era 26. Theodore Roosevelt ............331 William D. Bader 27. William Howard Taft...........343 Francine Sanders Romero Part VII. World War I and the Great Depression 28. Woodrow Wilson..............357 Saladin M. Ambar 29. Warren G. Harding ............371 James D. Robenalt 30. Calvin Coolidge ...............385 John W. Johnson and Dale E. P. Yurs 31. Herbert Hoover ...............395 John Q. Barrett [ viii ] Contents Part VIII. The New Deal and World War II 32. Franklin Delano Roosevelt......409 William D. Pederson 33. Harry S. Truman..............427 James N. Giglio Part IX. The Civil Rights Era 34. Dwight D. Eisenhower.........443 Richard V. Damms 35. John F. Kennedy..............459 Barbara A. Perry 36. Lyndon B. Johnson............473 John L. Bullion Part X. The Watergate Era and Reform 37. Richard M. Nixon ............491 Stanley Kutler 38. Gerald R. Ford...............507 Jeffrey Crouch 39. Jimmy Carter ................521 Scott Kaufman Part XI. New Conservatives, New Democrats, and Polarization 40. Ronald Reagan...............539 Kenneth W. Starr 41. George H. W. Bush ...........557 Lori Cox Han 42. William Jefferson Clinton ......570 Ken Gormley [ ix ]
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