The Power of Convergence More Praise for The Power of Convergence. . . . ‘‘Inthepublicsector,accomplishingthemissionisparamount.Thestra- tegic practices in this book, if used within government, will not only significantly help achieve that goal, but also make it more effective and efficient.’’ —DavidK.(Bob)Edmonds BrigadierGeneral,USAF(Retired)andFormerWhiteHouseFellow ‘‘Thisbookillustrateshowtobuildablueprintforbusinessandtechnol- ogy management. Filled with vivid case studies, it is a must-read for thoseseekingtosecureapositionintoday’scompetitivelandscape.’’ —MariaP.Sendra,Esq. Partner/Chair,SouthernCaliforniaCorporate&SecuritiesPractice Baker&McKenzieLLP ‘‘The analytical approach in this book is very similar to the discipline applied by investment managers to portfolio management. It should be adoptedbyallenterpriseinitiativesthatrelyontechnologyformanaging abusiness.’’ —KamalBhatia ManagingDirector,HeadofAlternativeInvestmentProducts TIAACREFAssetManagement ‘‘Thisbookexaminestheextentthatonecan focusonbusinessrequire- mentsandthenfollowthroughwiththeappropriateapplicationoftech- nology,leadingtooveralladvantageousfinancialperformance.’’ —GideonGartner FounderofGartner,Giga,andSoundview ‘‘It’s anage-old, andperennially puzzlingproblem: Whydon’t we getas muchvalueasweshouldwhenweusetechnologyinbusinesscontexts? FaisalHoqueandhiscoauthorssuggestfreshanswers.Intheearlyyears of this new century, this question and the search for its answers have neverbeenmoreimportant.’’ —RobertD.Austin CEO,CBS-SIMIExecutiveandProfessor ManagementofCreativityandInnovation,Copenhagen BusinessSchool The Power of Convergence Linking Business Strategies and Technology Decisions to Create Sustainable Success Faisal Hoque with Lawrence M. Walsh, Diana L. Mirakaj, and Jeffrey Bruckner Research Contribution: Colleagues of BTM Corporation, Members of the BTM Institute American Management Association New York • Atlanta • Brussels • Chicago • Mexico City • San Francisco Shanghai • Tokyo • Toronto • Washington, D.C. Bulkdiscountsavailable.Fordetailsvisit: www.amacombooks.org/go/specialsales Orcontactspecialsales: Phone:800-250-5308 Email:[email protected] ViewalltheAMACOMtitlesat:www.amacombooks.org Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritative informationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldwith theunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrendering legal,accounting,orotherprofessionalservice.Iflegaladviceor otherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetent professionalpersonshouldbesought. Hoque,Faisal. Thepowerofconvergence:linkingbusinessstrategiesandtechnologydecisionstocreate sustainablesuccess/FaisalHoquewithLawrenceM.Walsh,DianaL.Mirakaj,andJeffrey Bruckner. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-0-8144-1695-2 ISBN-10:0-8144-1695-0 1.Technologicalinnovation—Management. 2.Strategicplanning. 3.Successin business. I.Title. HD45.H66 2011 658.4(cid:2)01—dc22 2010043519 (cid:2)2011FaisalHoque. Allrightsreserved. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. 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This page intentionally left blank Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xi INTRODUCTION xiii PART I BUSINESS/TECHNOLOGY CONVERGENCE 1 CHAPTER 1 THEBUSINESS/TECHNOLOGYDISCONNECT...... 3 The Business/Technology Disconnect Phenomenon 4 Why the Business/Technology Disconnect Continues 13 From Alignment to Convergence 17 The Takeaway: Turning Ideas into Action 21 CHAPTER 2 CONVERGENCE:CONCEPTTOVALUE 23 The Role of Business Technology Management 25 The BTM Framework 25 The Functional Areas and Capabilities of the BTM Framework 27 The Four Critical Dimensions of BTM 32 Advancing Capability Maturity 36 Realizing Critical BTM Capabilities 41 The Takeaway: Turning Ideas into Action 44 vii AmericanManagementAssociation • www.amanet.org viii CONTENTS CHAPTER3 THEFINANCIALVALUEOFBUSINESS/TECHNOLOGY CONVERGENCE 47 Agility, Innovation, and Convergence 49 Constructing the Business Technology Convergence Index 54 The Financial Effects of Convergence 57 The Common Characteristics of Convergence Leader Enterprises 59 The Strategic Roles of Technology 63 The Takeaway: Turning Ideas into Action 65 PART II CONVERGENCE IN PRACTICE 67 CHAPTER4 THENIMBLEGIANTS:HOWCONVERGEDBUSINESSMODELS DRIVESUCCESSFUL LARGEENTERPRISES 69 The Innovation Imperative: Adapt or Die 71 Architecting Business Models: A Blueprint for Convergence 72 SEA: Architectures to Action 74 Leadership Starts at the Top 79 Advanced Thinking for Better Business Technology Investments 83 The Takeaway: Turning Ideas into Action 86 CHAPTER5 THENEWFACEOFTHEPUBLICSECTOR:HOWGOVERNANCE LEADSTOGREATERGOVERNMENT EFFICIENCY 89 Inefficiency: The Government’s Claim to Fame 91 Propelling Innovation: The DARPA Way 94 A Process Approach: A Roadmap to Success 98 Governance: Defining Who’s in Charge 99 Metrics: A Measure of Success 103 The Takeaway: Turning Ideas into Action 105 CHAPTER6 SIZEDOESN’TMATTER:HOWSMALLENTERPRISESBENEFIT FROMSTRATEGICINVESTMENTMANAGEMENT 107 Redefining Enterprises 109 Strategic Investment Management 111 The Anatomy of a Portfolio 114 AmericanManagementAssociation • www.amanet.org CONTENTS ix PPM: Ideas into Action 117 Pharmaceutical Startup Prescribes PPM 120 The Takeaway: Turning Ideas into Action 122 PART III The Impact of Transformation 125 CHAPTER 7 THETRANSFORMATIONTRIANGLE 127 Why Transform at All? 130 Transformation Is a Process, Not a Destination 132 The Financial Impact of the Transformation Triangle 136 The Takeaway: Turning Ideas into Action 139 CHAPTER 8 CREATINGBUSINESSAGILITY 141 Agility Is the Essential Competitive Element 143 Agility Introduces New Challenges 147 The Anatomy of Business Agility 148 Processes for Agility 151 Technologies for Agility 153 The Journey Toward Agility 156 The Takeaway: Turning Ideas into Action 158 CHAPTER 9 SUSTAINEDINNOVATION:THESCIENCEOFCONSTANTLYMOVING FORWARD 160 The Anatomy of Sustained Innovation 162 Technology’s Strategic Role in Sustained Innovation 166 Calculating the Innovation Benefit 170 The Takeaway: Turning Ideas into Action 173 CHAPTER 10 DRIVINGOPERATIONALEXCELLENCE 175 The Anatomy of Operational Excellence 178 Underpants Gnomes and the Excellence Journey 183 Modeling the Operational Blueprint 184 Key Steps in the Operational Excellence Journey 188 The Process to Continual Return on Investment 190 The Takeaway: Turning Ideas into Action 193 AmericanManagementAssociation • www.amanet.org