The Pornography Industry: What Everyone Needs to Know PDF
Preview The Pornography Industry: What Everyone Needs to Know
THE PORNOGRAPHY INDUSTRY WHAT EVERYONE NEEDS TO KNOW® THE PORNOGRAPHY INDUSTRY WHAT EVERYONE NEEDS TO KNOW® SHIRA TARRANT 1 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. “What Everyone Needs to Know” is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2016 First Edition published in 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Tarrant, Shira, 1963- author. Title: The pornography industry : what everyone needs to know / Shira Tarrant. Description: First edition. | New York, NY : Oxford University Press, [2016] | Series: What everyone needs to know | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed. Identifiers: LCCN 2015044219 (print) | LCCN 2015041007 (ebook) | ISBN 978–0–19–020514–0 (Epub) | ISBN 978–0–19–020513–3 (Updf) | ISBN 978–0–19–020511–9 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 978–0–19–020512–6 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Pornography. | Pornographic film industry. Classification: LCC HQ471 (print) | LCC HQ471 .T295 2016 (ebook) | DDC 363.4/7—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015044219 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed by Courier Press, USA CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XI Introduction 1 1 Overview 3 What Is the Definition of Pornography? 3 What Is the Difference between Erotica and Porn? 4 Why Does Pornography Matter? 5 Is Pornography a Crime, a Sin, a Vice, or a Choice? 6 If Pornography Is a Private Issue, Why Talk about It in Public? 8 What Makes Pornography a Valence Issue? 9 2 Historical Questions 11 When Did Pornography Begin? 11 How Has Pornography Changed over Time? 12 How Has Technology Impacted Pornography? 15 How Did Porn Evolve in the Twentieth Century? 18 What Are Stag Films? 20 What Is the Golden Era of Porn? 22 vi CONTENTS What Is the Video Era of Porn? 23 What Is the Digital Era of Porn? 24 What Is Some of the Most Famous (or Infamous) Porn in History? 25 3 The Pornography Industry 28 What Is the Difference between Mainstream and Indie Porn? 28 What Is the Difference between Features, Gonzo, and Unscripted Porn? 32 What Are Some of the Leading Industry Organizations and Publications? 33 What Kind of Records Need to Be Kept? 34 What Happens on a Porn Shoot? 35 How Much Does It Cost to Produce Porn? 39 How Much Revenue Does Pornography Generate … and How Accurate Are These Figures? 42 Stolen Porn: What Is Internet Piracy? 45 What Efforts Are Being Made to Address Porn Piracy? 45 What Are the Awards Given for Porn? 47 4 Porn Performers 49 How Much Are Porn Performers Paid? 49 How Do Rates Vary? 51 What Is the Pay for Magazine Shoots and Adult- Themed Products? 53 What Are Cam Sites and How Much Do Performers Earn? 55 What Is It Like to Work in Porn? 56 Do Porn Performers Enjoy Having Sex for the Camera? 59 Why Do People Become Porn Performers? 61 What Is the “Damaged Goods” Hypothesis? 64 Is This Hypothesis True? 64 CONTENTS vii What Are Some Concerns about Porn Performers’ Well- Being? 66 How Do Performers Transition out of the Adult Industry? 68 5 Who’s Watching Porn? 69 Is It True that Men Are More Visually Aroused than Women? 70 What Are the Demographics on Porn Use? 72 How Does Age Make a Difference? 73 How Many People Watch Porn While They’re at Work? 75 What Is the Data on Men and Women Watching Porn? 77 What Is the Data on Couples Watching Porn Together? 78 How Does Porn Use Correlate to Religious and Political Views? 79 What Is the Data on Global Porn Use? 81 How Is This Demographic Information Collected? 83 What Are the Challenges in Data Collection? 84 How Might Stigma and Stereotypes about Gender Impact the Data on Who Uses Porn? 86 6 Pleasure and Danger in Pornography 88 Does Pornography Cause Violence against Women? 88 What Are the Debates and the Data? 89 Does Pornography Mean that We Are What We Watch? 94 Does Pornography Cause Sexism and Racism? 96 Are There Links between Pornography and Human Sex Trafficking? 100 What Is the Impact of Pornography on Marriage and Relationships? 102 Does Pornography Have Positive Benefits? 103 7 Legal Issues 106 Why Does the First Amendment Protect Pornography as Free Speech? 106 What Makes Pornography Different from Obscenity? 107 viii CONTENTS What Are Some Important Legal Cases Regarding Pornography in the United States? 114 What Is Measure B? 119 What Are Some of the Global Pornography Laws? 121 8 Medical Issues 125 Are Porn Performers at Risk of Contracting STIs or HIV? 125 What Are the STI Testing Requirements for Porn Performers? 129 What Are Some Changes in STI Testing and Health Safety Protocol? 132 What Happens If a Test Is Positive? 135 Are There Other Health Concerns Related to the Adult Film Industry? 136 What Is Labiaplasty? 137 Is There a Problem with Anal Sex? 139 Is Waxing Dangerous? 140 What Are the Debates about Pornography Addiction? 141 Are There Links between Pornography Use and Erectile Dysfunction? 144 9 Children and Teens Using Pornography 145 How Many Youth Are Watching Porn? And How Old Are They When They Start? 146 What Are Key Concerns about the Effects on Teens Watching Porn? 149 Is Sexting a Form of Pornography? 154 What Are Parental Controls— and Are They Effective? 155 What Is Porn Literacy— and How Can It Help? 157 10 The Future of Porn 162 Will Pornography Become Fair Trade? 164 Will Feminist Porn Become More Popular? 167 CONTENTS ix Will More Porn Be Made for Women? 169 What Is Queer Porn? 170 Will Pornography Be Taught in College? 173 How Might Technology Change Pornography? 175 What about Porn in Space? 177 Will People Ever Stop Fighting about Porn? 177 NOTES 179 SUGGESTED READINGS 189 INDEX 191
The list of books you might like
