The Politics of Trade: Egypt and Lower Nubia in the 4th Millennium BC (Culture and History of the Ancient Near East) PDF
Preview The Politics of Trade: Egypt and Lower Nubia in the 4th Millennium BC (Culture and History of the Ancient Near East)
The Politics of Trade Culture and History of the Ancient Near East FoundingEditor M.H.E.Weippert Editor-in-Chief Thomas Schneider Editors Eckart Frahm W. Randall Garr B. Halpern Theo P.J. van den Hout Irene J. Winter VOLUME47 The Politics of Trade Egypt and Lower Nubia in the 4th Millennium BC By Jane Roy LEIDEN•BOSTON 2011 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Roy,Jane. Thepoliticsoftrade:EgyptandlowerNubiainthe4thmillenniumB.C./byJaneRoy. p.cm.–(CultureandhistoryoftheancientNearEast,ISSN1566-2055,v.47) ISBN978-90-04-19610-0(hbk.:acid-freepaper) 1.Egypt–Commerce–History.2.Nubia–Commerce–History.3.Egypt–Antiquities.4. Nubia–Antiquities.5.Exchange–Egypt–History–To1500.6.Exchange–Nubia–History–To 1500.7.Materialculture–Egypt–History–To1500.8.Materialculture–Nubia–History–To 1500.9.Salvagearchaeology–Egypt.10.Salvagearchaeology–Nubia.I.Title.II.Series. HF365.R692011 382.0932'03978–dc22 2010045703 ISSN 1566-2055 ISBN 9789004196100 Copyright2011byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillNVincorporatestheimprintsBrill,HoteiPublishing, IDCPublishers,MartinusNijhoffPublishersandVSP. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,translated,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. AuthorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternalorpersonaluseisgrantedbyKoninklijkeBrillNV providedthattheappropriatefeesarepaiddirectlytoTheCopyrightClearanceCenter, 222RosewoodDrive,Suite910,Danvers,MA01923,USA. Feesaresubjecttochange. Formyparents AndformyhusbandThomas CONTENTS ListofFigures......................................................... xiii ListofPlates........................................................... xv Acknowledgements................................................... xvii Introduction .......................................................... xix EgyptinNubia..................................................... xx NubiainEgypt..................................................... xxi ChapterOne. NubiaandEgypt ..................................... 1 GeneralIntroduction ............................................... 1 ArchaeologyandEthnicity ...................................... 2 HistoryofExplorationandResearch............................... 4 FirstArchaeologicalSurveyofNubia ........................... 5 FirstArchaeologicalSurveyunderFirth ........................ 8 SecondArchaeologicalSurveyofNubia ........................ 10 TheAswanHighDamandtheUNESCOSalvageOperation .. 12 SettingtheScene—WhereAreWe?................................ 16 Chronology—WhenAreWe? ................................... 18 TheNeolithicandChalcolthicinEgyptandNubia............. 20 LowerEgypt................................................... 20 UpperEgypt................................................... 23 LowerNubia................................................... 31 UpperNubia................................................... 34 TheDeserts.................................................... 36 Terminology ........................................................ 43 TheNaqadaCulture.............................................. 43 TheA-GroupCulture ............................................ 44 ChapterTwo. EgyptinNubia ....................................... 47 Introduction......................................................... 47 TheLandofNubia ............................................... 47 A-GroupCeramics............................................... 49 viii contents WhatIsEgyptianPotteryinNubia?............................. 50 OtherEgyptianMaterial ...................................... 53 WhatAreA-GroupGraves? .................................. 55 TheSites—TheNubianA-GroupCemeteriesbetweenAswan andWadiHalfa................................................... 57 StateofPreservationoftheCemeteries ...................... 61 PossibleNatureofExchange.................................. 63 TheFirstArchaeologicalSurveyofNubiafromShellaltoGebel umSimbela....................................................... 65 TheFirstArchaeologicalSurveyofNubiaunderC.M.Firth...... 94 SummaryandResultsoftheFirstArchaeologicalSurveyof Nubia ............................................................. 138 TheSecondArchaelogicalSurveyofNubiabetweenWadi es-SebuaandAdindan– .............................. 143 SummaryandResultsoftheSecondArchaeologicalSurvey...... 153 TheUniversityofChicago,OrientalInstituteNubianExpedition 155 The‘Royal’CemeteryLatQustul ............................... 155 CemeteriesW,V,S,Q,TQustul................................. 158 SummaryandResultsoftheOrientalInstitute,Universityof Chicago........................................................... 165 TheScandinavianJointExpeditiontoSudaneseNubia............ 167 SummaryandResultsoftheScandinavianJointExpedition...... 182 TheEgyptianMaterial .............................................. 184 Pottery—W-wareandD-ware................................... 185 Siltstone(‘slate’)Palettes ......................................... 189 StoneVessels ..................................................... 192 CopperObjects................................................... 192 Maceheads........................................................ 193 Amulets........................................................... 196 CylinderSeals .................................................... 199 ChapterThree. NubiainEgypt...................................... 201 WhattheNubiansLeftBehind ..................................... 201 Elephantine ......................................................... 201 TheA-GroupintheAswan-KomOmboRegion .................. 203 Hierakonpolis....................................................... 204 HenriDeMorgan’sSecondSeasonofExcavations ................ 206 ElMa"Mariya..................................................... 206 KomelAhmar(Hierakonpolis) ................................. 207 AbuZaidan....................................................... 207 contents ix ElMasa"Id ........................................................ 208 MinshatAbuOmar ................................................. 208 NubiansinEgypt?................................................... 209 ChapterFour. Inscriptional,PictorialandGlypticEvidence....... 211 WhatWeSayandHowWeSayIt................................... 211 IncenseBurners..................................................... 212 TheQustulIncenseBurner ...................................... 214 TheArchaicHorusIncenseBurner.............................. 215 RockCutCarvings.................................................. 217 GebelSheikhSuleiman .......................................... 217 GebelTjauti ...................................................... 220 HillBInscription................................................. 222 WestBankAswanandWadiAbuSubeira....................... 223 Stelae ................................................................ 226 SealsandSealImpressions.......................................... 228 SialiSealImpressions ............................................ 229 AshkeitSealImpression ......................................... 230 SarrasWestSeal.................................................. 230 QustulSeals ...................................................... 231 FarasSeal......................................................... 231 GerfHusseinSeal ................................................ 232 Ikkur/KoshtamnaSeals .......................................... 232 AbuSimbelSeal.................................................. 233 ToshkaWestSealImpression.................................... 233 Labels................................................................ 234 BoneandIvoryLabels ........................................... 234 YearLabels ....................................................... 235 Potmarks ............................................................ 237 SeyalaGoldMaceHandles ......................................... 238 InWriting ........................................................... 239 ChapterFive. CommoditiesExchanged ............................ 245 CommoditiesSoughtfromLowerNubia .......................... 245 TheAutobiographyofHarkhuf.................................. 248 IncenseandResins............................................ 251 Ebony.......................................................... 253 Oil ............................................................. 253 Panther/LeopardSkins........................................ 254 ElephantTusks/Ivory.......................................... 255
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