The Politics of Social Protest: Comparative Perspectives on States and Social Movements (Social Movements, Protest, and Contention, Vol 3)

388 Pages·1995·20.95 MB·English

by  J. Craig Jenkins

The Politics of Social Protest
Social Movements, Protest, and Contention
Series Editor: Bert Klandermans, Free University, Amsterdam
Associate Editors: Sidney G. Tarrow, Cornell University
Verta A. Taylor, Ohio State University
Volume 3 J. Craig Jenkins and Bert Klandermans, eds., The Politics of
Social Protest: Comparative Perspectives on States and
Social Movements
Volume 2 John Foran, ed., A Century of Revolution: Perspectives on
Social Movements in Iran
Volume 1 Andrew Szasz, EcoPopulism: Toxic Waste and the Movement
for Environmental Justice
The Politics of Social Protest
Comparative Perspectives on States and
Social Movements
J. Craig Jenkins and
Bert Klandermans, editors
Social Movements, Protest, and Contention
Volume 3
University of Minnesota Press
Minneapolis
Copyright 1995 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
publisher.
Published by the University of Minnesota Press
111 Third Avenue South, Suite 290, Minneapolis MN 55401-2520
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The politics of social protest: comparative perspectives on states and social
movements / J. Craig Jenkins and Bert Klandermans, editors.
p. cm. — (Social movements, protest, and contention; v. 3)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8166-2421-6 (hc: acid-free paper). — ISBN 0-8166-24224 (pb: acid-free paper)
1. Political sociology. 2. Social movements—Political aspects. 3. Protest movements.
4. Political participation. 5. Comparative government. I. Jenkins, J. Craig, 1948-
II. Klandermans, Bert. III. Series.
JA76.P6235 1995
322.4—dc20 94-22704
The University of Minnesota is an equal-opportunity educator and employer.
Contents
Part I. Introduction
1. The Politics of Social Protest
/. Craig Jenkins and Bert Klandermans 3
2. Social Movements, Political Representation, and the State: An Agenda
and Comparative Framework
/. Craig Jenkins 14
Part II. The Origins of Social Protest: Ideology, Regimes, and
Oppositions
3. Between Movement and Party: The Transformation of Mid-Nineteenth-
Century French Republicanism
Ronald Aminzade 39
4. Left-Right Ideology and Collective Political Action: A Comparative
Analysis of Germany, Israel, and Peru
Karl-Dieter Opp, Steven E. Finkel, Edward N. Muller, Gadi Wolfsfeld,
Henry A. Dietz, and Jerrold D. Green 63
5. The New Class, Postindustrialism, and Neocorporatism: Three Images of
Social Protest in the Western Democracies
Michael Wallace and J. Craig Jenkins 96
6. Neocorporatism and Political Protest in the Western Democracies: A
Cross-National Analysis
Michael Nollert 138
Part III. The Structure of Political Opportunities: Protest and
Electoral Politics
7. The Political Opportunity Structure of New Social Movements: Its
Impact on Their Mobilization
Hanspeter Kriesi 167
8. Opposition Movements and Opposition Parties: Equal Partners or
Dependent Relations in the Struggle for Power and Reform?
Diarmuid Maguire 199
9. Left-Libertarian Movements in Context: A Comparison of Italy and West
Germany, 1965-1990
Donatella della Porta and Dieter Rucht 299
V
vi CONTENTS
Part IV. The State and Movement Outcomes: System
Transformations and Political Reform
10. The Success of Political Movements: A Bargaining Perspective
Paul Burstein, Rachel L. Einwohner, and Jocelyn A. Hollande dd
11. Strategies of Partisan Influence: West European Environmental Groups
Russell J. Dalton 296
12. Starting from Scratch Is Not Always the Same: The Politics of Protest
and the Postcommunist Transitions in Poland and Hungary
Bronislaw Misztal and J. Craig Jenkins 324
Bibliography 341
Contributors 365
Author Index 371
Subject Index 377
Part I
Introduction
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Chapter 1
The Politics of Social Protest
/. Craig Jenkins and Bert Klandermans
Surprisingly little attention has been paid to the interaction between social
movements and the state. This is all the more surprising given the central im-
portance of social movements as forces for political change in the contempo-
rary world and the importance of the state in shaping political change.
Whether we look at the interaction between social protesters and party poli-
tics in the United States or Western Europe or at the democratization strug-
gles in Eastern Europe, China, or Latin America, the nature and development
of social movements cannot be understood without reference to the central
role of the state. As the institutionalized center for the legitimate monopoly
on the means of violence, the state is the ultimate arbiter for the allocation of
socially valued goods. The state is therefore simultaneously target, sponsor,
and antagonist for social movements as well as the organizer of the political
system and the arbiter of victory. As organizer of the political system, the
state shapes the relationships between social movements and the institution-
alized interest representation system. In the Western democracies, the cen-
tral relationship is that between social movements and political parties and
the governmental institutions that regulate the relationships between citizens
and the state. Social movements that aim to alter social institutions and prac-
tices have to come into contact with the state, if only to consolidate their
claims.
This volume brings the interaction between social movements and the
state to center stage. Because it is primarily concerned with the politics of so-
cial protest movements in the Western democracies, it focuses on the four-
way interaction between citizens, social movements, the political representa-
tion system, and the state. The primary focus is the three-way struggle
between social movements, political parties, and the state, looking at the op-
3