The Politics of Leverage in International Relations: Name, Shame, and Sanction PDF
Preview The Politics of Leverage in International Relations: Name, Shame, and Sanction
The Politics of Leverage in International Relations Name, Shame, and Sanction Editedby H. Richard Friman PalgraveStudiesinInternationalRelationsSeries GeneralEditors: KnudErikJørgensen,DepartmentofPoliticalScience,UniversityofAarhus,Denmark Audie Klotz, Department of Political Science, Maxwell School of Citizenship and PublicAffairs,SyracuseUniversity,USA PalgraveStudiesinInternationalRelations,producedinassociationwiththeEuropean InternationalStudiesAssociation(EISA),willprovidestudentsandscholars,willpro- vide students and scholars with the best theoretically-informed scholarship on the globalissuesofourtime.EditedbyKnudErikJørgensenandAudieKlotz,thisnewbook series will comprise cutting-edge monographs and edited collections which bridge schoolsofthoughtandcrosstheboundariesofconventionalfieldsofstudy. Titlesinclude: MathiasAlbert,Lars-ErikCedermanandAlexanderWendt(editors) NEWSYSTEMSTHEORIESOFWORLDPOLITICS RobertAyson HEDLEYBULLANDTHEACCOMODATIONOFPOWER GideonBaker(editor) HOSPITALITYANDWORLDPOLITICS JoshuaBaron GREATPOWERPEACEANDAMERICANPRIMACY TheOriginsandFutureofaNewInternationalOrder WilliamClapton RISKANDHIERARCHYININTERNATIONALSOCIETY LiberalInterventionisminthePost-ColdWarEra ToniErskineandRichardNedLebow(editors) TRAGEDYANDINTERNATIONALRELATIONS H.RichardFriman THEPOLITICSOFLEVERAGEININTERNATIONALRELATIONS Name,Shame,andSanction RebekkaFriedman,KevorkOskanianandRamonPachedoPardo(editors) AFTERLIBERALISM? TheFutureofLiberalisminInternationalRelations GeirHønneland BORDERLANDRUSSIANS Identity,NarrativeandInternationalRelations NivHoreshandEmilianKavalski(editors) ASIANTHOUGHTONCHINA’sCHANGINGINTERNATIONALRELATIONS BeateJahn LIBERALINTERNATIONALISM Theory,History,Practice OliverKessler,RodneyBruceHall,CeceliaLynchandNicholasG.Onuf(editors) ONRULES,POLITICSANDKNOWLEDGE FriedrichKratochwil,InternationalRelations,andDomesticAffairs PatrickMello DEMOCRATICPARTICIPATIONINARMEDCONFLICT MilitaryInvolvementinKosovo,Afghanistan,andIraq HansMorgenthau,HartmutBehrandFelixRösch THECONCEPTOFTHEPOLITICAL MaxM.Mutschler ARMSCONTROLINSPACE ExploringConditionsforPreventiveArmsControl CorneliaNavari(editor) ETHICALREASONINGININTERNATIONALAFFAIRS ArgumentsfromtheMiddleGround CorneliaNavari(editor) THEORISINGINTERNATIONALSOCIETY EnglishSchoolMethods LindaQuayle SOUTHEASTASIAANDTHEENGLISHSCHOOLOFINTERNATIONALRELATIONS ARegion-TheoryDialogue SimonF.Reich GLOBAL NORMS, AMERICAN SPONSORSHIP AND THE EMERGING PATTERNS OF WORLDPOLITICS FelixRösch ÉMIGRÉSCHOLARSANDTHEGENESISOFINTERNATIONALRELATIONS AEuropeanDisciplineinAmerica? MichaelO.Sharpe POSTCOLONIALCITIZENSANDETHICMIGRATION TheNetherlandsandJapanintheAgeofGlobalization DarshanVigneswaran TERRITORY,MIGRATIONANDTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHEINTERNATIONALSYSTEM WolfgangWagner,WouterWernerandMichalOnderco(editors) DEVIANCEININTERNATIONALRELATIONS ‘RogueStates’andInternationalSecurity PalgraveStudiesInInternationalRelationsSeries SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–230–20063–0(hardback) 978–0–230–24115–2(paperback) (outsideNorthAmericaonly) Youcanreceivefuturetitlesinthisseriesastheyarepublishedbyplacingastanding order.Pleasecontactyourbookselleror,incaseofdifficulty,writetousattheaddress belowwithyournameandaddress,thetitleoftheseriesandtheISBNsquotedabove. CustomerServicesDepartment,MacmillanDistributionLtd,Houndmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS,UK The Politics of Leverage in International Relations Name, Shame, and Sanction Editedby H. Richard Friman Editorialmatter,introductionandselection©H.RichardFriman2015 Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2015 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-43932-1 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2015by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-49425-5 ISBN 978-1-137-43933-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137439338 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData ThePoliticsofLeverageininternationalrelations:name,shame,and sanction/H.RichardFriman,ProfessorofPoliticalScience,Marquette University,USA pages cm.—(Palgravestudiesininternationalrelations) 1. Economicsanctions. 2. Sanctions(Internationallaw) 3. Money laundering. 4. Humanrights. 5. Internationalrelations. I. Friman,H.Richard. HF1413.5.P652015 327.1(cid:2)17—dc23 2014037979 Contents ListofTables vii ListofFigures viii Acknowledgments ix NotesonContributors x 1 Introduction:UnpackingtheMobilizationofShame 1 H.RichardFriman Part I RevisitingHumanRightsNamingand Shaming 2 CaughtattheKeyhole:ThePowerandLimitsofShame 33 WilliamF.Schulz 3 HumanRightsNamingandShaming:Internationaland DomesticProcesses 43 JamesC.Franklin 4 Mobilizing“Third-PartyInfluence”:TheImpactof AmnestyInternational’sNamingandShaming 61 DongwookKim 5 PromotingAccountability,UnderminingPeace?Naming andShaminginTransitionalJusticeProcesses 86 EricWiebelhaus-Brahm Part II NamingandShamingBeyondHumanRights 6 Ain’tthataShame?Hypocrisy,Punishment,andWeak ActorInfluenceinInternationalPolitics 105 JoshuaW.BusbyandKellyM.Greenhill 7 NamingandShaminginFinancialRegulation:Explaining VariationintheFinancialActionTaskForceonMoney Laundering 123 MarkT.Nance v vi Contents 8 BehindtheCurtain:NamingandShamingin InternationalDrugControl 143 H.RichardFriman 9 UNTargetedSanctionsasSignals:NamingandShamingor NamingandStigmatizing? 165 ThomasBiersteker 10 ShamingtheShameless?CampaigningAgainst Corporations 185 VirginiaHaufler 11 Conclusion:ExploringthePoliticsofLeverage 201 H.RichardFriman References 219 Index 240 Tables 3.1 HumanrightscommunicationsinLatinAmerica, 1980–1995 51 4.1 Determinantsofrepressionindictatorships,Models1–2 76 4.2 Determinantsofrepressionindictatorships,Models3–5 77 6.1 Questionstoassesstargetvulnerability(Stage1) 115 6.2 Questionstoassessthenetcostsofcompliance(Stage2) 117 6.3 Questionstoassesswhethertotame(Stage3) 118 7.1 MonthstargetedjurisdictionsspentonFATFblacklist 136 8.1 StatusofArticle14andArticle19action,2001–2011 152 8.2 NarcoticsMajorsList,bycountryandyearsonlist(by yearofINCSR),1987–2012 156 8.3 Certificationstatus,numberandidentityofcountriesby yearofINCSR,1987–2012 160 9.1 Caseepisodesbysanctionpurposeandeffectiveness 173 9.2 Factorsassociatedwitheffectivesignaling 181 vii Figures 4.1 TotalnumberofAI’sspecialcountryreportson dictatorships,1977–2008 64 4.2 TotalnumberofdictatorshipstargetedbyAI’sspecial countryreports,1977–2008 64 4.3 TheannualcoverageofAI’sspecialcountryreportson Argentina,LatinAmerica,andtheWorld,1977–1983 66 4.4 Humanrightsinternationalorganizationsandthe impactofAI’sspecialcountryreportsonrepressionin dictatorships 78 4.5 Economicallypowerfulthirdpartiesandtheimpactof AI’sspecialcountryreportsonrepressionin dictatorships.(a)USmilitaryaid,(b)USeconomicaid, (c)EUhumanrightspreferentialtradeagreement,and (d)IMF’slendingagreement 80 viii Acknowledgments TheoriginsofthisvolumelieinaworkshopheldatMarquetteUniver- sity in 2011, bringing together scholars and practitioners from diverse issue areas to explore the political processes and impact of naming and shaming. A selection of workshop briefs was expanded into work- ing papers, some of which were presented at the joint meeting of the BritishInternationalStudiesAssociationandInternationalStudiesAsso- ciation (BISA-ISA) in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 2012. This volume draws onsignificantlyrevisedversionsoftheseworkingpapers. Aspecialdebtofgratitudegoestotheworkshopparticipants.Robert Beck,ThomasBiersteker,AndreaBertone,JeffreyDrope,JamesFranklin, Kelly Greenhill, Virginia Haufler, Dongwook Kim, Robert Kudrle, Lisa LaPlante,MarkNance,WilliamSchulz,SusannahSirkin,AlexVines,and EricWiebelhaus-Brahmprovidedwide-ranginginsights.Commentsand suggestionsfromaudiencemembersatthelateafternoonBISA-ISAcon- ference panel helped to refine the volume’s focus. For their assistance inbringingthisprojecttofruitionwithPalgraveMacmillan,Iespecially thank the anonymous reviewers, series editors Audie Klotz and Knud Erik Jørgensen, and Eleanor Davey-Corrigan, Harriet Barker, Hannah Kaspar,andManikandanNandagopalanandthestaffatIntegra-PDY. The project also has benefited greatly from the support of the Helen Way Klinger College of Arts and Sciences, the Eliot Fitch Endowment, and the Center for Transnational Justice at Marquette University. Spe- cialthankstoRobRiciglianoattheUniversityofWisconsin-Milwaukee, and to Risa Brooks, Barrett McCormick, Philip Rossi, Mary Dunnwald, LeahManny,BethFeldner,JillianMarxatMarquette,andresearchassis- tants John Porten, Jacob Rabbas, and Mashal Amjad. Finally, my deep appreciation to the poet-critic pair of Alice Friman and Bruce Gentry, andespeciallytomywife,JulieFriman,fortheirinsightsandpatience. ix
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