The Politics of Domestic Authority in Britain since 1800 PDF
Preview The Politics of Domestic Authority in Britain since 1800
The Politics of Domestic Authority in Britain since 1800 AlsobyLucyDelap DOMESTICSERVICEINTWENTIETHCENTURYBRITAIN:Culture, Memory,Emotions THEFEMINISTAVANT-GARDE:TransatlanticEncountersoftheEarly TwentiethCentury ANTI-FEMINISMINTHEVICTORIANANDEDWARDIANDEBATE(with ValerieSanders) FEMINISMANDTHEPERIODICALPRESS1900–1918(withLeilaRyanand MariaDicenzo) ANTI-FEMINISMINEDWARDIANLITERATURE(withAnnHeilmann) The Politics of Domestic Authority in Britain since 1800 Editedby Lucy Delap FellowandDirectorofStudiesinHistory,StCatharine’sCollege,Cambridge Ben Griffin FellowandDirectorofStudiesinHistory,GirtonCollege,Cambridge,andLecturerin History,FitzwilliamCollege,Cambridge and Abigail Wills PostdoctoralFellowinHistory,BrasenoseCollege,Oxford Selection,editorialmatterandintroduction©LucyDelap,BenGriffinand AbigailWills2009 Allremainingchapters©theirrespectiveauthors2009 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6-10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentified astheauthorsofthisworkinaccordancewiththeCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2009by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN-13:978–0–230–57994–1hardback Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 PrintedandboundinGreatBritainby CPIAntonyRowe,ChippenhamandEastbourne Contents ListofFigures vii NotesonContributors viii Introduction:ThePoliticsofDomesticAuthorityinBritain Since1800 1 BenGriffin,LucyDelapandAbigailWills Part I ViolenceandtheLaw 1 ‘Iammasterhere’:Illegitimacy,Masculinity,andViolencein VictorianEngland 27 GingerFrost 2 ‘...theinstrumentofananimalfunction’:MaritalRapeand SexualCrueltyintheDivorceCourt,1858–1908 43 GailSavage Part II PovertyandtheState 3 IrishOrphansandthePoliticsofDomesticAuthority 61 AnnaClark 4 FatherhoodandFamilyShame:Masculinity,Welfareandthe WorkhouseinLateNineteenth-CenturyEngland 84 MeganDoolittle Part III Domesticity 5 ‘Tiresometripsdownstairs’:Middle-ClassDomesticSpaceand FamilyRelationshipsinEngland,1850–1910 111 JaneHamlett 6 LoveandAuthorityinMid-Twentieth-CenturyMarriages: SharingandCaring 132 SimonSzreterandKateFisher 7 ‘Aparadiseonearth,aforetasteofheaven’:EnglishCatholic UnderstandingsofDomesticityandMarriage,1945–1965 155 AlanaHarris v vi Contents Part IV DomesticService 8 DomesticServantsasPoachersofPrint:Reading,Authority andResistanceinLateVictorianBritain 185 MargaretBeetham 9 Authority,DependenceandPowerinAccountsof Twentieth-CenturyDomesticService 204 JudyGiles Part V ParentingandChildhood 10 ChildCareandNeglect:AComparativeLocalStudyofLate Nineteenth-CenturyParentalAuthority 223 SiânPooley 11 Godfathering:ThePoliticsofVictorianFamilyRelations 243 ValerieSanders 12 “BeatingChildrenisWrong”:DomesticLife,Psychological ThinkingandthePermissiveTurn 261 DeborahThom Index 284 List of Figures 5.1 IllustrationshowinganemptynurseryfromJ.E.Panton (1884)NooksandCorners(London:WardandDowney) 116 5.2 ThenurseryofthehomeoftheGarstenfamilyinLondon, GreaterManchesterCountyRecordOffice,Documentary PhotographyArchive,2357/143 117 5.3 Photographof‘Museum’atFrondeg,GreaterManchester CountyRecordOffice,DocumentaryPhotographyArchive, 1642/30,1/U12/25 124 5.4 PhotographfromShawStoreyfamilyofBursledon,family album,HampshireRecordOffice,58A01/1. 125 7.1 TimMadden(1965)How’stheFamily?Cartoonsfromthe CatholicHerald(London:BurnsandOates),n.p.[Reproduced withpermissionfromBodleianLibrary,Universityof Oxford] 161 7.2 ADurhamminerleadinghisfamilyintherosary. Reproducedfrom‘CrusaderforPrayer’,PicturePost,26July 1952,p.5[withpermissionofGettyImages] 168 7.3 TimMadden(1965),How’stheFamily?(London:Burnsand Oates),n.p.[ReproducedwithpermissionfromBodleian Library,UniversityofOxford] 171 7.4 ‘StJosephtheWorkman’,CatholicTimes,6May1955,p.9 [ReproducedwithpermissionfromBodleianLibrary, UniversityofOxford] 172 10.1 Extractfromapageofadvertisementsforarangeof children’smedicines,publishedinTheBurnleyGazetteand EastLancashireAdvertise,26November1898.Atthisdatean averageofaroundfivesuchadvertisementswaspublished eachweek 231 10.2 Advertisementfor‘Scott’sEmulsion’,publishedinThe BurnleyGazetteandEastLancashireAdvertise,24December 1898.‘Scott’sEmulsion’wasadvertisedinmosteditionsof theBurnleynewspaperinthelate1890sandearly1900s, withdifferentillustratedandemotivestoriesofthecurative powersofthemedicine.ItwasnotpromotedtoAuckland parents 232 vii Notes on Contributors MargaretBeethamrecentlyretiredasReaderintheDepartmentofEnglish atManchesterMetropolitanUniversity.HerpublicationsincludeAMagazine ofHerOwn:DomesticityandDesireintheWomen’sMagazine(1996),Victorian Women’sMagazines;AnAnthology(2001)withKayBoardman,andarticleson Victorian recipe book, Lancashire periodicals and issues of popular reading andgender.SheisanassociateeditoroftheDictionaryofNineteenthCentury Journalism(2008). Anna Clark is Samuel Russell Chair in the Humanities at the University of Minnesota, and the editor of the Journal of British Studies until 2010. She is theauthorofseveralbooks,includingDesire:AHistoryofEuropeanSexuality (2008), Scandal: The Sexual Politics of the British Constitution (2003) and The Struggle for the Breeches: Gender and the Making of the British Working Class (UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1995)aswellasnumerousarticles. LucyDelapisafellowofStCatharine’sCollege,Cambridge,andamember oftheHistoryFaculty,UniversityofCambridge.HerbookTheFeministAvant- Garde:TransatlanticEncountersoftheEarlyTwentiethCentury (2007)wonthe 2008 Women’s History Network Prize, and explores the intellectual history and cultural politics of feminism set within Anglo-American exchanges of the early twentieth century. She has recently published a collection of pri- marysources,FeminismandthePeriodicalPress,1900–1918(2006),co-edited withMariaDiCenzoandLeilaRyan.SheisalsoanassociateeditorofHistory andPolicy,andiscurrentlyworkingonaforthcomingmonograph,Domestic ServiceinTwentiethCenturyBritain(Oxford,2010). MeganDoolittleisaseniorlecturerinSocialPolicyattheOpenUniversity. Herpublishedworkincludes‘Fatherhood,ReligiousBeliefandtheProtection of Children in Nineteenth-Century English Families’ in Gender and Father- hood in the Nineteenth Century, ed. Trev Lynn Broughton and Helen Rogers (2007)andTheFamilyStory:Blood,ContractandIntimacyinModernEngland, 1840–1960,withLeonoreDavidoff,JanetFinkandKatherineHolden(1999). Herresearchinterestslieintheareasoffatherhoodandmasculinity,contem- poraryfamiliesandtheiralternatives,domesticspaceandfamilylife,andthe relationshipsbetweenlaw,socialpolicyandthefamily. Kate Fisher is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Exeter. Her research focuses on the history of sexuality in the nineteenth and viii NotesonContributors ix twentiethcenturiesandsheistheauthorofBirthControl,SexandMarriagein Britain,1918–1960(2006)andPrivateLives:Love,SexandMarriageinBritain, 1918–1960(withSimonSzreter,forthcoming).Sheiscurrentlycollaborating withtheClassicistRebeccaLanglandsonaninterdisciplinaryproject‘Sexual Knowledge, Sexual History’ which explores the uses of ancient cultures withinthehistoryofsexuality. Ginger Frost is Professor of History at Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama. She is the author of Promises Broken: Courtship, Class and Gender in Victorian England (1995), and numerous articles, all focusing on family dynamicsincrisisperiodsandtheroleoftheVictoriancourtsinthefamily. Her forthcoming works continue this emphasis and include Living in Sin: Cohabiting as Husband and Wife in Nineteenth-Century England (2008) and VictorianChildhoods(ca.2009). JudyGilesisProfessorEmeritusatYorkStJohnUniversity.Shehaspublished extensivelyonwomenanddomesticityinthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcen- tury and is committed to an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the past. Her major publications are Women, Identity and Private Life in Britain, 1918–50(1995)andTheParlourandtheSuburb(2004). Ben Griffin is a fellow of Girton College, Cambridge, and Lecturer in His- tory at Girton College and Fitzwilliam College. He is currently working on a book entitled Feminism, Masculinity and Politics in Victorian Britain, which reassessestherelationshipbetweenVictorianfeminism,liberalismandcon- servatism,andwhichexploreshowcompetingmodelsofmasculinityshaped theactionsofnineteenth-centurypoliticians.Heisalsoworkingonahistory of child custody law in the nineteenth century. In 2005 his doctoral thesis wasawardedCambridgeUniversity’sPrinceConsortandThirlwallPrizeand theSeeleyHistoricalMedal. JaneHamlettisLecturerinModernBritishHistoryatRoyalHollowayUni- versity of London. She completed her PhD in 2005 and a book based on her doctoral research, Material Relations: Domestic Interiors and the Family in England1850–1910willbepublishedinAutumn2009.Herresearchinterests lieinthefieldofnineteenth-andtwentieth-centurysocialandculturalhis- tory,inparticularinthematerialandvisualculturesandingender,intimacy and the family. She was formerly ESRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the UniversityofManchesterandhastaughtattheUniversitiesofManchester, OxfordandLondon. AlanaHarrisistheHardiePostdoctoralFellowinModernHistoryatLincoln College, Oxford. Her recently co-authored and co-edited book Redefining Christian Britain: Post-1945 Perspectives (2007) brings together writers from
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