The Politics of Digital India: Between Local Compulsions and Transnational Pressures PDF
Preview The Politics of Digital India: Between Local Compulsions and Transnational Pressures
media dynamics in south asia SERIES EDITORS Adrian Athique, Vibodh Parthasarathi, and S.V. Srinivas The centrality of mediation to social, economic, and political processes in South Asia has become increasingly evident in recent years. The media has become a substantial economic sector, with considerable strategic and sym- bolic importance for career decisions and for the fortunes of South Asia in the global economy. The intense mediation of the political arena has seen a wide range of media formats taking on the role of actors in the day-to-day opera- tion of the democratic process and in the conduct of international relations. The use of media technologies for enabling the interlocking fi elds of educa- tion, employment, and consumption makes their functions and potentials a necessary concern for the social sciences and humanities. Beyond their utility, the expressive content of the media requires a deep engagement with cul- tural reproduction across the region. Media Dynamics in South Asia curates an interdisciplinary approach that addresses media studies as a fi eld of interlocking interests in politics, econom- ics, culture, technology, gender, and education. Our imperative for expanding the breadth of media studies in this way serves the larger task of uncover- ing the various relationships, transactions, and interactions that characterize social change as a dynamic process. At the same time, our broad sociological approach to different aspects of the media requires us to account in depth for the conditions, concerns, and challenges specifi c to the region. It is no longer suffi cient to maintain a paradigm for media analysis conceived elsewhere and transplanted, often uncomfortably, to various locations in the subcontinent. Rather, the presence of a large, sophisticated, and fast-moving media environ- ment in South Asia promises suffi cient depth to support original and innova- tive research approaches and the production of a future teaching curriculum grounded in the regional experience. The series seeks to play a critical role in establishing the necessary resources for supporting the growth of media studies in South Asia. Adrian Athique is associate professor of cultural studies at the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Vibodh Parthasarathi is a founding faculty and associate professor at the Centre for Culture, Media and Governance, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India. S.V. Srinivas is professor at the School of Liberal Studies, Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, India. editorial board Gregory D. Booth , University of Auckland, New Zealand Paula Chakravartty , New York University, USA William Crawley , Institute of Commonwealth Studies, UK Biswajit Das , Jamia Millia Islamia, India Douglas Hill , University of Otago, New Zealand Stephen Hughes , SOAS, UK M. Madhava Prasad , English and Foreign Languages University, India Aswin Punathambekar , University of Michigan, USA Din Mohamed Rahman , University of Liberal Arts, Bangladesh Ashish Rajadhyaksha , Centre for the Study of Culture and Society, India Brian Stoddart , University of Melbourne, Australia Pradip Ninan Th omas , Th e University of Queensland, Australia Ravi Vasudevan , Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, India Chris Verschooten , KU Leuven, Belgium media dynamics in south asia The Politics of Digital India Between Local Compulsions and Transnational Pressures Pradip Ninan Th omas 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries. Published in India by Oxford University Press 2/11 Ground Floor, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India © Oxford University Press 2019 Th e moral rights of the authors have been asserted. First Edition published in 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. ISBN-13 (print edition): 978-0-19-949462-0 ISBN-10 (print edition): 0-19-949462-2 ISBN-13 (eBook): 978-0-19-909785-2 ISBN-10 (eBook): 0-19-909785-2 Typeset in Adobe Jenson Pro 10.5/13 by by Th e Graphics Solution, New Delhi 110 092 Printed in India by Nutech Print Services India To friends and friendships: Zaharom Nain (Rom), Ramesh Ramanathan (Zamby), and Philip Lee Acknowledgements Th ere are numerous critical scholars in the political economy tradition who have infl uenced my work and provided me with insights into the politics of the digital, such as Peter Golding, Graham Murdock, and Adrian Athique, who played no small part in the shaping of this manuscript, along with Vibodh Parthasarathi, Dan Schiller, Nic Carah, Tom O’Regan, and Zaharom Nain, among many others. May your tribe increase! I would also like to thank the editorial team at Oxford University Press for its help. Abbreviations A2K Access to Knowledge (movement) AATP Agricultural Advanced Technology Park ABD accumulation by dispossession AEBPR Advanced eBook Processor AFTI Alliance for Fair Trade with India AIDS acquired immune defi ciency syndrome ALAC At-Large Advisory Committee AP Andhra Pradesh ASSOCHAM Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India ATM automated teller machine BJP B haratiya Janata Party BKS Bharatiya Kisan Sangh BOO b uild–own–operate BOSS Bharat Operating System Solutions BOT build–operate–transfer BPO business process outsourcing BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa C-DAC Centre for Development of Advanced Computing ccTLD country code top-level domain CCTNS Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems CCTV closed-circuit television CEO chief executive offi cer CERT Computer Emergency Response Team xii Abbreviations CIDR Central Identities Data Repository CII computer-implemented inventions CIRP Committee for Internet Related Policies CIS Th e Centre for Internet & Society CMS Central Monitoring System CRIS Communication Rights in the Information Society CRUSH Criminal Reduction Utilizing Statistical History CSC Computer Science Corporation CSTD Commission on Science and Technology for Development DAISY Digital Accessible Information System DeitY Department of Electronics and Information Technology DIY do it yourself DMCA Digital Millennium Copyright Act DNA deoxyribonucleic acid DNS Domain Name System DRM Digital Rights Management DSCI D ata Security Council of India DTTI Defense Technology and Trade Initiative ECIL Electronics Corporation of India EDS Electronic Data Systems EICTIA European Information and Communication Technology Industry Association EU European Union 4G fourth generation FDI foreign direct investment FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry FOSS free and open source software GAC Government Advisory Committee GATT General Agreement on Trade and Tariff s GDP gross domestic product GEAC Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee GIFT City Gujarat International Finance Tec-City GIS geographical information systems GM genetically modifi ed GoI Government of India
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