The political origins of religious liberty PDF
Preview The political origins of religious liberty
THE POLITICAL ORIGINS OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY Theissueofreligiouslibertyhasgainedever-increasingattentionamongpol- icymakersandthepublicatlarge.Whereaspoliticianshavelongchampioned the idea of religious freedom and tolerance, the actual achievement of these goalshasbeenanarduousbattleforreligiousminorities.Whatmotivatespolit- ical leaders to create laws providing for greater religious liberty? In contrast to scholars who argue that religious liberty results from the spread of secu- larizationandmodernideas,AnthonyGillarguesthatreligiouslibertyresults frominterest-basedcalculationsofsecularrulers.Usinginsightsfrompolitical economistsdatingbacktoAdamSmith,Gilldevelopsatheoryoftheorigins ofreligiouslibertybasedonthepoliticalandeconomicinterestsofgoverning officials.Politicalleadersaremostlikelytopermitreligiousfreedomwhenit enhancestheirownpoliticalsurvival,taxrevenue,andtheeconomicwelfareof theircountry.HeexploreshistheoryusingcasesfromBritishAmerica,Latin America,Russia,andtheBalticstates. Anthony Gill is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Washington,wherehespecializesinthestudyofreligion,economics,andpoli- tics.HeistheauthorofRenderingUntoCaesar:TheCatholicChurchandtheState inLatinAmericaandnumerousarticlesonreligionandpolitics.ProfessorGill wasawardedtheUniversityofWashington’sDistinguishedTeachingAwardin 1999andisanonresidentscholaratBaylorUniversity’sInstituteforStudiesof Religion. Cambridge Studies in Social Theory, Religion, and Politics Editors DavidC.Leege,UniversityofNotreDame KennethD.Wald,UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville The most enduring and illuminating bodies of late-nineteenth-century social theory – by Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and others – emphasized the integration ofreligion,polity,andeconomythroughtimeandplace.Onceastapleofclassic socialtheory,religiongraduallylosttheinterestofmanysocialscientistsduringthe twentiethcentury.TherecentemergenceofphenomenasuchasSolidarityPoland; thedissolutionoftheSovietempire;variousSouthAmerican,SouthernAfrican,and SouthAsianliberationmovements;theChristianRightintheUnitedStates;and AlQaedahavereawakenedscholarlyinterestinreligious-basedpoliticalconflict.At thesametime,fundamentalquestionsareonceagainbeingaskedabouttheroleof religioninstablepoliticalregimes,publicpolicies,andconstitutionalorders.The seriesCambridgeStudiesinSocialTheory,Religion,andPoliticswillproducevolumes thatstudyreligionandpoliticsbydrawingonclassicsocialtheoryandmorerecent socialscientificresearchtraditions.Booksintheseriesoffertheoreticallygrounded, comparative,empiricalstudiesthatraise“big”questionsaboutatimelysubjectthat haslongengagedthebestmindsinsocialscience. TitlesintheSeries: JoelS.FetzerandJ.ChristopherSoper,MuslimsandtheStateinBritain,France, andGermany PippaNorrisandRonaldInglehart,SacredandSecular:ReligionandPolitics Worldwide For Victor H. Gill and his shining city on the hill. Never forget the value of freedom. The Political Origins of Religious Liberty Anthony Gill UniversityofWashington CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB28RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521848145 © Anthony Gill 2008 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2007 ISBN-13 978-0-511-36745-8 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-10 0-511-36745-7 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-13 978-0-521-84814-5 hardback ISBN-10 0-521-84814-8 hardback ISBN-13 978-0-521-61273-9 paperback ISBN-10 0-521-61273-X paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents Preface page ix Acknowledgments xiii 1 Introduction:OfLiberty,Laws,Religion,andRegulation 1 2 ThePoliticalOriginsofReligiousLiberty 26 3 ColonialBritishAmerica 60 4 MexicoandLatinAmerica 114 5 RussiaandtheBaltics(withCherylZˇilinskas) 168 6 WeGatherTogether:TheConsequencesofReligious Liberty 224 Appendix:ListofDefinitions,Axioms,andPropositions 231 Bibliography 235 Index 255 vii
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