The Political Ideology of Green Parties: From the Politics of Nature to Redefining the Nature of Politics PDF
Preview The Political Ideology of Green Parties: From the Politics of Nature to Redefining the Nature of Politics
St Antony’s Series General Editor:Richard Clogg(1999–), Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford Recent titles include: Louise Haagh and Camilla Helgø (editors) Social Policy Reform and Market Governance in Latin America Gayil Talshir THE POLITICAL IDEOLOGY OF GREEN PARTIES From the Politics of Nature to Redefining the Nature of Politics E. K. Dosmukhamedov FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN Politico-Legal Aspects of Post-Communist Transition Felix Patrikeeff RUSSIAN POLITICS IN EXILE The Northeast Asian Balance of Power, 1924–1931 He Ping CHINA’S SEARCH FOR MODERNITY Cultural Discourse in the Late 20th Century Mariana Llanos PRIVATIZATION AND DEMOCRACY IN ARGENTINA An Analysis of President–Congress Relations Michael Addison VIOLENT POLITICS Strategies of Internal Conflict Geoffrey Wiseman CONCEPTS OF NON-PROVOCATIVE DEFENCE Ideas and Practices in International Security Pilar Ortuño Anaya EUROPEAN SOCIALISTS AND SPAIN The Transition to Democracy, 1959–77 Renato Baumann(editor) BRAZIL IN THE 1990s An Economy in Transition Israel Getzler NIKOLAI SUKHANOV Chronicler of the Russian Revolution Arturo J. Cruz, Jr NICARAGUA’S CONSERVATIVE REPUBLIC, 1858–93 Pamela Lubell THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY AND THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION The Case of the Sixty-One Renegades Mikael af Malmborg NEUTRALITY AND STATE-BUILDING IN SWEDEN Klaus Gallo GREAT BRITAIN AND ARGENTINA From Invasion to Recognition, 1806–26 David Faure and Tao Tao Liu TOWN AND COUNTRY IN CHINA Identity and Perception Peter Mangold SUCCESS AND FAILURE IN BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY Evaluating the Record, 1900–2000 Mohamad Tavakoli-Targhi REFASHIONING IRAN Orientalism, Occidentalism and Historiography Louise Haagh CITIZENSHIP, LABOUR MARKETS AND DEMOCRATIZATION Chile and the Modern Sequence Renato Colistete LABOUR RELATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE IN BRAZIL Greater São Paulo, 1945–60 Peter Lienhardt (edited by Ahmed Al-Shahi) SHAIKHDOMS OF EASTERN ARABIA John Crabtree and Laurence Whitehead (editors) TOWARDS DEMOCRATIC VIABILITY The Bolivian Experience Steve Tsang(editor) JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE AND THE RULE OF LAW IN HONG KONG Karen Jochelson THE COLOUR OF DISEASE Syphilis and Racism in South Africa, 1880–1950 Julio Crespo MacLennan SPAIN AND THE PROCESS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION, 1957–85 St Antony’s Series Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71109–2 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England The Political Ideology of Green Parties From the Politics of Nature to Redefining the Nature of Politics Gayil Talshir The Hebrew University of Jerusalem © Gayil Talshir 2002 All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90 Tottenham Court Road,London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2002 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLANis the new global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St.Martin’s Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-42428-3 ISBN 978-1-4039-1989-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781403919892 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Talshir,Gayil,1968– The political ideology of green parties:from the politics of nature to redefining the nature of politics/Gayil Talshir. p.cm.– (St.Antony’s series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0–333–91986–6 1.Grünen (Political party) 2.Green movement – Germany.3.Green Party (Great Britain) 4.Green movement – Great Britain.I.Title.II.St.Antony’s series (Palgrave (Firm)) JN3971.A98 G723763 2002 324.241(cid:2)0987–dc21 2002025187 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 To my parents who planted me in a fertile soil My father, for inspiring me to blossom in learning My mother, for encouraging me to bring it to fruition No single ideological formulation could possibly corral such a rich variety of experience and feeling and still preserve the independence and authenticity of everyone’s protest. Theodor Roszak Contents Acknowledgements viii List of Abbreviations ix Introduction: Reconceptualising ‘Ideology’? xi Part I The Political and Theoretical Settings 1 The Greens: the Emergence of a Compound Collective Political Actor 3 2 A Green Ideology? From Exclusive Models to an Inclusive Framework 17 Part II From Praxis to Theory: the German Greens 3 Formation: Ecological Roots of a Political Route 33 4 Philosophy: the Greening of the New Left 51 5 Discourse: New Spirituality and Ideological Conversion 89 6 Ideological Diversification: the Green Spectrum 108 7 Politics: Consolidating a Green Niche in the New Germany 144 Part III Ideology in Search of Politics: the British Greens 8 The British Peculiarity: non-Ideological Politics 173 9 ‘The Movement’: from Survivalism to Sustainability 184 10 Politics: Seeing Green– the Simplicity of Radical Realism 201 11 Coalition Building: Ideological Currents or Political Strategy? 225 12 Modular Ideology: a Green Caterpillar Turns into a Colourful Butterfly? 242 Part IV Ideology, Politics and Discursive Strategies: a Comparative Assessment 13 The Dual Reflection of Modular Ideology 255 Conclusion: from Politics of Nature to Redefining the Nature of Politics 267 Notes 271 Bibliography 295 Index 304 Acknowledgements The 2002 new Basic-Programme of the German Greens reads: ‘we link together a circle of basic-values, not an ideology.’ The updated (2001) founding document of the British Greens – Manifesto for a Sustainable Society– commences with a Philosophical Basis – the word ideology is never men- tioned in this or any other party document. Extracting theory out of praxis is always a problematic task. The persistent refusal of Green Parties – and their members – to acknowledge their own ideology is instructive for a political scientist. It makes the journey in search of the political ideology of Green Parties ever more challenging. It sharpens the critical faculties and maintains a distinct line between the analyst and her subject matter. I wholeheartedly thank the Wingate Foundation for providing me the means to engage in this fascinating intellectual journey. I also thank the British Council, AVI Scholarships and the Feher Foundation for helping at different stages of the way. Special thanks to Grüne Gedächtnis, the Greens archive in Widdig, for letting me spend days – and nights – in the stacks, and to the archives in-the-making of the UK Green party at Teesside University. Warm regards to all Greens on both sides of the Channel who willingly engaged in self-reflection on their ideological path (despite their reluctance to profess an ‘ideology’). In particular, to Chris Rose, the gar- dener and guardian of the British Greens. It is a pleasure to acknowledge St Antony’s College, which was my home; the in(di)visible University of Oxford, for providing me navigation maps to the mountainous world of knowledge; and Oxford’s parks, meadows and rivers where I spent much time walking my thoughts. I am indebted to my teachers and colleagues in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, who tempted me to nomadic life in a ‘wanderland’, especially to Avner de-Shalit, an enthusiastic tutor and fellow-traveller. Most of all, I want to thank Prof. Michael Freeden of Mansfield College, Oxford, who endowed me with direction and freedom to develop a critical perspective. I shall always relish those hours of intense discussion, eye-opening rare insights and support throughout the way, wit- nessing the pleasures and pains which found their way into this book. Last but not least, warm thanks to Ruth Friedman and my ‘bestest’ friend, Nadia Sayed-Ali, for Anglicising my text. viii List of Abbreviations A3W Aktion Dritter Weg The Third-Way Action AL Alternative Liste Alternative Lists APO Ausserparliamentarische Extraparliamentary Opposition Opposition AUD Aktion Unabhangiger Deutscher Independent Germans’ Action B90 Bündnis90 Alliance90 BBU Bundesverband der Federal Association of Citizens’ Bürgerinitiativen für Initiative for Environmental Umweltschutz Protection BDK Bundesdelegiertenkonferenz Federal Delegates Conference BGP British Green Party BP Basisprogramm die Grünen, Basic-programme, the Greens 1980 1980 BUS Basisdemokratische und Grassroots and undogmatic undogmatische Sozialist/innen Socialists in the Greens in den Grünen BuVo Bundesvorstand Federal Party Executive Committee CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Christian Democratic Union CIs Citizens’ Initiatives CND Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament CSU Christlich Soziale Union Christian Social Union DA Demokratischer Aufbruch Democratic Awakening EU(79) Manifesto for European Parliament, 19(79) FDP Freie Demokratische Partei Free Democratic Party FIU Freie Internationale Universität Free International University (Berlin) FoE Friends of the Earth FRG Federal Republic of Germany Fundis Fundamentalists GAZ Grüne Aktion Zukunft Green Action Future GDR German Democratic Republic GE(80) General Election manifesto 19(80) GLSH Grüne Liste Schleswig-Holstein Green Lists of Schleswig- Holstein ix
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