The Political Economy of Hunger: Volume 2: Famine Prevention (W I D E R Studies in Development Economics) PDF
Preview The Political Economy of Hunger: Volume 2: Famine Prevention (W I D E R Studies in Development Economics)
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF HUNGER WIDER Studies in Development Economics embody the output of the research programmes of the World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER), which was established by the United Nations University as its first research and training centre in 1984 and started work in Helsinki in 1985. The principal purpose of the Institute is to help identify and meet the need for policy-oriented socio-economic research on pressing global and development problems, as well as common domestic problems and their interrelationships. The Political Economy of Hunger Edited by JEAN DREZE AND AMARTYA SEN Volume 2 Famine Prevention CLARENDON PRESS • OXFORD This book has been printed digitally and produced in a standard specification in order to ensure its continuing availability OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan South Korea Poland Portugal Singapore Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and to certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © The United Nations University 1990 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Crown copyright material is reproduced under Class Licence Number CO1P0000148 with the permission of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland Database right Oxford University Press (maker) Reprinted 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover And you must impose this same condition on any acquirer ISBN 978-0-19-828636-3 In fond memory of Sukhamoy Chakmvarty This page intentionally left blank PREFACE This collection of twenty-six papers, presented in three volumes, represents the result of work undertaken at and for the World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) in Helsinki, This programme of joint research was initiated in the summer of 1985. The first versions of most of the papers were presented at a WIDER conference on 'food strategies' held in Helsinki in July 1986. The papers as well as the research programme as a whole were subjected to close scrutiny at that conference. Those discussions strongly influenced the work that followed—both extensive revisions of the papers presented and the undertaking of new studies, which are also included in these volumes. The objective of this programme has been the exploration of a wide range of issues related to hunger in the modern world. The papers are concerned with diagnosis and causal analysis as well as policy research. The focus is particu- larly on Africa and Asia, but there are also two papers on hunger and deprivation in Latin America and a few contributions on more general theoretical issues. The full list of papers in the three volumes can be found at the beginning of each volume. Our 'Introduction' to the three volumes, discussing the papers and their interrelations, is included in full in volume 1, but the parts relevant for the subsequent volumes are also included in the respective volumes, i.e. volumes 2 and 3, The tasks of revising the papers and carrying out the follow-up studies proved to be quite challenging, and the entire project has taken much longer than we had hoped. We are extremely grateful to the authors for their willingness to undertake substantial—and in some cases several rounds of —revisions, and for putting up with long lists of suggestions and requests. The revisions have been enormously helped by the contributions of the discussants who participated in the 'food strategies' conference in July 1986, including Surjit Bhalla, Susan George, Keith Griffin, S. Guhan, Iftekhar Hussain, Nurul Islam, Nanak Kakwani, Robert Kates, Qaiser Khan, Henock Kifle, Stephen Marglin, Siddiq Osmani, Martin Ravallion, Sunil Sengupta, Mahendra Shah, Nick Stern, Paul Streeten, Megan Vaughan, and Samuel Wangwe. Carl Eicher's comments and suggestions contributed greatly to the improvement of a number of papers. Very helpful comments and suggestions were also received after the conference from Sudhir Anand, Susan George, Judith Heyer, Nurul Islam, Robert Kates, B. G, Kumar, and Francois-Regis Mahieu. For their participation in the conference, and their help in planning these studies, we are also grateful to Frédérique Apffel-Marglin, Juha Ahtola, Tuovi Alto, Lars-Erik Birgegaard, Pekka Harttila, Cynthia Hewitt de Alcantara, Eric Hobsbawm, Charles Kindleberger, Michael Lipton, Kaarle Norden- viii PREFACE streng, Kimmo Pulkinnen, Shlomo Reutlinger, Tibor Scitovsky, Darrell Sequiern, Heli Sirve, Marjatta Tolvanen, Matti Tuomala, Tony Vaux, and Hannu Vesa. For editorial and logistic assistance, we are greatly in debt to Asad Ahmad, Robin Burgess, Nigel Chalk, Jacky Jennings, Shantanu Mitra, Sanjay Reddy, Sangeeta Sethi, Pekka Sulamaa and Anna-Marie Svedrofsky, We would like to thank Judith Barstow for doing the subject index. Finally, we are grateful to WIDER for its generous support. We owe special thanks to Lal Jayawardena, the Director, for being immensely helpful at every stage of this project. J.D. A.S. November 1989 CONTENTS LIST OF PAPERS xi LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XV LIST OF TABLES xvii Introduction 1 Jean Dréze and Amartya Sen 1. Famine Prevention in India 13 Jean Dréze 2. Famine Prevention in Africa: Some Experiences and Lessons 123 JeanDréze 3. Ethiopian Famines 1973-1985: A Case-Study 173 B. G. Kumar 4. Modelling an Early Warning System for Famines 217 Meghnad Desai 5. Market Responses to Anti-hunger Policies: Effects on Wages, Prices and Employment 241 Martin Ravallion 6. The Food Crisis in Africa: A Comparative Structural Analysis 279 Jean-Philippe Platteau INDEX 389
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