The Pleistocene Old World: Regional Perspectives PDF
Preview The Pleistocene Old World: Regional Perspectives
I I I I I I I I I I " 0 , , " ~ ~ . . . . . . . ~ - " " " ' The· Pleistocene Old World . Regional Perspectives INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ARCHAEOLOGY Series Editor: Michael Joehim, University of California, Santa Barbara Foundinl Editor: Roy S. Oickens, Jr., Late of University of North Carolina, Chapei Hill Editorial Board: Lewis R. Binford, University of New Mexico Jane E. Buikstra, University of Chicago Charles M. Budson,. University of Georgia Stephen A. K.owalewski, University of GeorgÜl William L. Rathje, University of Arizona Stanley South, University of South Carolina Bruce Winterhalder, University of North Carolina, Chapei Hiti Richard A. Yarnell, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill THE PLEISTOCENE OLD WORLD Regional Perspectives Edited by Olga Soffer The Pleistocene Old World Regional Perspectives Edited by OLGA SOFFER University of lllinois Urbana, IlIinois Plenum Press. New York and London Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The Pleistocene old world. (Interdisciplinary contributions to archaeology) IncIudes bibliographies and index. 1. Paleolithic period - Congresses. 2. Man, Prehistoric - Congresses. I. Soffer, Olga. II. Series. GN771.P48 1987 930.1'4 87·12329 TSBN-I3: 978-1-4612-9016-2 e-TSBN-13: 978-1-4613-1817-0 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1817-0 © 1987 Plenum Press, New York Softeover reprint of the hardeover I st edition 1987 ADivision of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 AlI rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any. form or by any means, electronic, mechankal, photocopying, microfiIming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher INMEMORIAM Academician Innokentii Petrovich Gerasimov a paleogeographer who was a pioneer and strong champion of multidisciplinary research in Pleistocene archaeology Con tribu tors Franfoise Audouze • Laboratoire D'Ethnologie Prehistorique, Centre National de la Re eherehe Scientifique, Universite de Paris I, Paris 750l4, France Dfer Bar-Yosef • Institute of Arehaeology, Hebrew University-Mount Seopus, ]erusalem 91905, Israel Lewis R. Binford • Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquer que, New Mexico 87131 Harvey M. Bricker • Department of Anthropology and Center for Arehaeology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118 James A. Brown • Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201 Brian Chisholm • Arehaeology Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada Geoffrey A. Clark • Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ari zona 85287 Margaret W. Conkey • Department of Anthropology, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13901 Nicholas David • Department of Arehaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1NH, Canada Richard S. Davis • Department of Aruhropology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Penn sylvania 19010 Harold L. Dibble • Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania 19104 vii viii CONTRIBUTORS George C. Frison • Departtnent of Anthropology, University ofWyoming, Laramie, Wy oming 82071 Clive Gamble • Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Southampton S09 5NH, United Kingdom Joachim Hahn • Institut für Urgeschichte, Schloss D-7400, Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany Brian Hayden • Archaeology Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Co lumbia V5A 1S6, Canada MichaelJochim • Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 Harry Lourandos • Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of Queens land, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Austraha V. N. Misra • Postgraduate Research Institute, Deccan College, Pune 411-006, India John W. Olsen • Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 John Parkington • Spatial Archaeology Research Unit, Department of Archaeology, Uni versity of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa James L. Phillips • Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chi cago, Illinois 60680 Jean-Phillipe Rigaud • Direction des Antiquites Prehistoriques de la Region d'Aquitaine, 28 Place Gambetta, Bordeaux 33074, France Henry P. Schwarcz • Geology Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L9, Canada Jan F. Simek • Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Ten nessee 37996-0720 Olga Soffer • Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Gerd-C. Weniger • Deutches Archäologisches Institut, Serrano 159, E-28002 Madrid, Spain Randall White • Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York 10003 Preface Regional approaches to past human adaptations have generated much new knowledge and understanding. Researchers working on problems of adaptations in the Holocene, from those of simple hunter-gatherers to those of complex sociopolitical entities like the state, have found this approach suitable for comprehension of both ecological and social aspects of human behavior. This research focus has, however, until recently left virtually un touched a major spatial and temporaI segment of prehistory-the Old World during the Pleistocene. Extant literature on this period, by and large, presents either detailed site speeific accounts or offers continental or even global syntheses that tend to compile site speeific information but do not integrate it into whole c~nstructs of funetioning so ciocuhural entities. This volume presents our current state of knowledge about a variety of regional adaptations that charaeterized prehistoric groups in the Old World before 10,000 B.P. The authors of the chapters consider the behavior of humans rather than that of objects or features and present data and models for variaus aspects of past cultures and for culture change. These presentations integrate findings and understandings derived from a number of related disciplines actively involved in researching the past. Data and interpretations are offered on a range of Old \yorld regions during the PaIeolithic, induding Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe, and chronological coverage spans from the Early to Late PIeisto cene. Finally, although a shift from description to interpretation of archaeological remains is at the core of reconstructing past regional adaptations, this shift in focus brings with it a number of epistemological and methodological problems that are considered in this volume as well. In organizing the volume, i have selected a problem-orientation over either chro nologic or geographic arrangements. I did so hecause the chapters explore a great variety of topics relevant to many time periods and areas of the world. The introductory section of the volume offers some comments on regional approaches in the Old World from a New World perspective. The second section indudes four chapters that use data from Africa and Eu.rope and time periods from the early to terminal Pleistocene to consider epis temological, theoretical, and methodological problems in prehistoric regional analysis. The third section contains five contributions where the archaeological records of subconti nental and continental regions of Europe, India, central Asia, China, and Australia are used to delimit and model past adaptations. Case studies of Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherer
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