The Place of the Social Margins, 1350-1750 PDF
Preview The Place of the Social Margins, 1350-1750
The Place of the Social Margins, 1350–1750 This interdisciplinary volume illuminates the shadowy history of the dis- advantaged, sick and those who did not conform to the accepted norms of society. It explores how marginal identity was formed, perceived and repre- sented in Britain and Europe during the medieval and early modern periods. It illustrates that the identities of marginal groups were shaped by their place within primarily urban communities, both in terms of their socio- economic status and the spaces in which they lived and worked. Some of these groups—such as executioners, prostitutes, pedlars and slaves— performed a significant social and economic function but on the basis of this were stigmatized by other townspeople. Language was used to control and limit the activities of others within society such as single women and for- eigners, as well as the victims of sexual crimes. For many, such as lepers and the disabled, marginal status could be ambiguous, cyclical or short-lived and affected by key religious, political and economic events. Traditional histories have often considered these groups in isolation. Based on new research, a series of case studies from Britain and across Europe illustrate and provide important insights into the problems faced by these marginal groups and the ways in which medieval and early modern communities were shaped and developed. Andrew Spicer is Professor of Early Modern European History at Oxford Brookes University and a Literary Director of the Royal Historical Society. Jane Stevens Crawshaw is Leverhulme Early Career Research Fellow in His- tory at Oxford Brookes University. Routledge Studies in Cultural History For a full list of titles in this series, please visit www.routledge.com 40 The Holocaust in the Twenty-First Century Contesting/Contested Memories Edited by David M. Seymour and Mercedes Camino 41 Jesuits at the Margins Missions and Missionaries in the Marianas (1668–1769) Alexandre Coello de la Rosa 42 Travelling Notions of Culture in Early Nineteenth-Century Europe Edited by Hannu Salmi, Asko Nivala and Jukka Sarjala 43 Language as a Scientific Tool Shaping Scientific Language Across Time and National Tradition Edited by Miles MacLeod, Rocío G. Sumillera, Jan Surman and Ekaterina Smirnova 44 Transnational South America Experiences, Ideas, and Identities, 1860s–1900s Ori Preuss 45 Enlightenment and Political Fiction The Everyday Intellectual Cecilia Miller 46 Madness in Cold War America Alexander Dunst 47 Minor Knowledge and Microhistory Manuscript Culture in the Nineteenth Century Sigurður Gylfi Magnússon and Davíð Ólafsson 48 The Place of the Social Margins, 1350–1750 Edited by Andrew Spicer and Jane L. Stevens Crawshaw The Place of the Social Margins, 1350–1750 Edited by Andrew Spicer and Jane L. Stevens Crawshaw First published 2017 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 Taylor & Francis The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data CIP data has been applied for. ISBN: 978-1-138-79072-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-75646-2 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents List of Figures vii Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction 1 JANE L. STEVENS CRAWSHAW PART I Health 19 2 Marginal Bodies and Minds: Responses to Leprosy and Mental Disorders in Late Medieval Normandy 21 ELMA BRENNER 3 ‘Not So Deformed in Body as Debauched in Behaviour’: Disability and ‘Marginality’ in Late Seventeenth- and Early Eighteenth-Century England 39 DAVID M. TURNER PART II The Law 57 4 Medieval Singlewomen in Law and Practice 59 SARA M. BUTLER 5 Aliens, Native Englishmen and Migration: William Herbert’s Considerations in the Behalf of Foreiners (1662) 79 ANDREW SPICER vi Contents PART III Work 101 6 Down but Not Out: A Case Study in Early Modern Social Mobility From the Margins 103 JOEL F. HARRINGTON 7 The Place of African Slaves in Early Modern Spain 117 CARMEN FRACCHIA 8 The Margins in the Centre: Working Around Rialto in Sixteenth-Century Venice 135 ROSA M. SALZBERG PART IV Morality and the Home 153 9 Cleaning up the Renaissance City: The Symbolic and Physical Place of the Genoese Brothel in Urban Society 155 JANE L. STEVENS CRAWSHAW 10 Child Victims of Rape and Sexual Assault: Compromised Chastity, Marginalized Lives? 181 SARAH TOULALAN 11 Afterword: Constructing Marginality in the Early Modern European City 203 FABRIZIO NEVOLA Contributors 211 Index 213 Figures 1.1 Vittore Carpaccio, Due Dame Veneziane © Museo Correr, Venice (inv. Cl. L n.0046) x 1.2 Vittore Carpaccio (Italian, about 1460–1526) Hunting on the Lagoon (recto); Letter Rack (verso), about 1490– 1495, Oil on panel 75.6 × 63.8 cm (29 3/4 × 25 1/8 in.). The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. Digital image courtesy of the Getty’s Open Content Program. 2 7.1 Diego Velázquez, Juan de Pareja, 1650. Image © The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Purchase, Fletcher and Rogers Funds, and Bequest of Miss Adelaide Milton de Grot (1876–1967), by exchange, supplemented by gifts from friends of the Museum, 1971 (1971.86). 118 7.2 Kitchen Maid with the Supper at Emmaus. Artist: Diego Velázquez. Spanish, 17th century, c.1617–1618. Oil on canvas. Unframed: 55 × 118 cm. Photo © National Gallery of Ireland. Courtesy of the National Gallery of Ireland. 125 7.3 Juan de Pareja, The Calling of St Matthew, 1661, © Madrid, Museo Nacional del Prado. 128 This page intentionally left blank
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