The Physiology of Thirst and Sodium Appetite

563 Pages·1986·20.28 MB·English

by  D. A. Denton

The Physiology of
Thirst and
Sodium Appetite
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee,
which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.
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A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation
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and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston, and Lancaster
o
Behavioral and Social Sciences Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
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Volume 105-The Physiology of Thirst and Sodium Appetite
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Series A: Life Sciences
The Physiology of
Thirst and
Sodium Appetite
Edited by
G. de Caro
University of Camerino
Camerino, Italy
A. N. Epstein
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
and
M. Massi
University of Camerino
Camerino, Italy
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
The Physiology of Thirst and Sodium Appetite,
held July 12-20, 1984,
in Camerino, Italy
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Physiology of Thirst and Sodium
Appetite (1984: Camerino, Italy)
The physiology of thirst and sodium appetite.
(NATO ASI series. Series A, Life Sciences; v. 105)
"Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Physiology
of Thirst and Sodium Appetite, held July 12-20, 1984, in Camerino, Italy"-T.p.
verso.
"Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division."
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Thirst-Physiological aspects-Congresses. 2. Drinking (Physiology)
Congresses. 3. Sodium-Metabolism-Congresses. 4. Appetite-Congress
es. 5. Water-Metabolism-Congresses. 6. Osmoregulation-Congresses. I.
DeCaro, G. II. Epstein, Alan N. Ill. Massi, M.IV. North Atlantic Treaty Organiza
tion. Scientific Affairs Division. V. Title. VI. Title: Sodium appetite. VII. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Drinking Behavior-physiology-congresses. 2. Sodium-physi
ology-congresses. 3. Thirst-physiology-congresses. WI 102 N279p 1984]
QP139.N38 1984 5991.013 86-4882
ISBN 978-1-4757-0368-9 ISBN 978-1-4757-0366-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-0366-5
© 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1986
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986
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233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights raserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
The behavior that made
this workshop possible.
PREFACE
The behavioral neuroscience of thirst and sodium appetite are
research ventures that have expanded dramatically in recent years.
Work done in the mid-1950s and early 1960s made it clear that
drinking behavior could be affected by direct manipulations of the
brain, especially by brain damage and by pharmacological treat
ments. Since that. time experimental approaches have diversified
and the research enterprise has attracted the interest of a broad
international community of scientists.
Many aspects of both thirst and sodium appetite are being
studied. The most prominent of these are:
1) phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects of the phenomena of drink
ing behavior,
2) the mechanisms of a variety of dipsogenic and antidipsogenic
treatments, both drugs and hormones,
3) the biological controls of drinking and their interaction with
the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure,
4) the peripheral signals of drinking including the role of the
baro- and volume-receptors,
5) the receptor systems within the brain and the neuroanatomical
circuitry for thirst and sodium appetite, and
6) the possible roles of brain sodium and of the hormones of
sodium conservation ln the arousal of sodium appetite.
This acceleration of basic research activity has given in
sights into the clinical disorders of thirst and salt appetite and
has produced pharmacological agents of potential therapeutic use.
All of the above topics affect the circulatory physiology and the
problem of hypertension. Consequently, there is now a rich and
complex scientific literature in which the many aspects of the
behavioral neuroscience of thirst are discussed, and a large in
ternational network of senior investigators and their students who
are pursuing these problems.
The first international meeting on Thirst was held in 1963 at
Florida State University (see: "Thirst" , M.J. Wayner, Ed., Pergamon,
1964), and the last time that the problems of thirst and sodium ap-
vii
petite were discussed exclusively in an international setting was
in 1973 at Lugano (see: "Control Nechanisms of Drinking", G.Peters
& J.T. Fitzsimons, Eds., Springer-Verlag, 1975). Nany of the top
ics mentioned above had only begun to be studied at that time and
others had not yet been initiated. Another international meeting
was therefore long overdue, and for this reason the NATO Advanced
Research Workshop held in Camerino on July 12 to 20, 1984 was of
great interest to neuroscientists of thirst and sodium appetite.
The investigation of the physiology of thirst and sodium ap
petite is an international scientific enterprise. There are major
productive laboratories in the USA, the UK, Canada, France, and
Italy, and at least one important research group in each of West
Germany, Sweden, Australia, Brazil, Argentina and Poland. Except
for the Swedes who declined our invitation, all of these laborato
ries were represented at Camerino. The meeting therefore had among
its participants the world leaders in research on thirst and sodi
um appetite and it included all of the major themes of their re
cent research. Moreover, we sought out participants from other
countries (e.g. Portugal, Spain, Denmark, and Turkey) in which the
study of drinking behavior is not yet well developed and were for
tunate to have them with us.
The meeting was organized to fulfill all of the objectives of
a Nato Advanced Research Workshop. First, with only a few excep
tions, all the participants attended the entire meeting. And, sec
ond, the program, which included review lectures, volunteered re
search reports, panel discussions and open discussions, provided
ample opportunity for an exchange of views at the frontiers of
knowledge and for presentation of the latest scientific results
among the most experienced scientists working on the behav
ioral neuroscience of thirst. The daily review lectures, given at
the beginning of each working day, set the theme of the day's work
and provided critical assessments of the state of our scientific
art. The panel discussions, with which each day was concluded, had
as one of their specific tasks the formulation of recommendations
for new research directions.
Lastly, the bringing together of the community of experts in
the neuroscience of thirst for ten days of both scientific and
social close encounters in the heuristic atmosphere of a NATO
Workshop, lead to formulations of plans for international scien
tific collaborations. This NATO Workshop had one very special as
set. The number of part~c~pants was far larger than the usual
Workshops because the participants were not only senior scientists
but also young and talented people who are just beginning to work
in our field. The meeting, therefore, gave these young scientists
the opportunity to profit from the experience of older colleagues
and gave these more experienced workers the challenge of new en
thusiasms and new ideas.
viii
The following is the text of the review lectures and volun
teered papers. It is a detailed summary of the state of our re
search enterprise.
Camerino, Italy
G. De Caro
M. Massi
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
A.N. Epstein
ix
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This Advanced Research Workshop was sponsored by NATO and co
sponsored by the University of Camerino, Italy.
The Directors of the Workshop also aknowledge the financial
assistance of:
Assessorato alIa Sanita, Regione Marche, Ancona
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome
Pharkos s. r.1., Cisterna d.i La tina
Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Milan
Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione, Rome
Italfarmaco s.p.a., Milan
Janssen Farmaceutici s.p.a., Rome
Squibb s.p.a., Rome
Davide Campari, Milan
Comunita Montana "Zona I", Camerino
Rotary Club, Camerino
Rotary Club, Civitanova Marche
xi