The physics of the cosmic microwave background PDF
Preview The physics of the cosmic microwave background
This page intentionally left blank THEPHYSICSOFTHECOSMICMICROWAVEBACKGROUND Spectacular observational breakthroughs by recent experiments, and particularly the WMAPsatellite,haveheraldedanewepochofCMBscience40yearsafteritsoriginal discovery. Takingaphysicalapproach,theauthorsprobetheproblemofthe‘darkness’ofthe Universe: the origin and evolution of dark energy and matter in the cosmos. Starting with the observational background of modern cosmology, they provide an up-to-date andaccessiblereviewofthisfascinatingyetcomplexsubject.Topicsdiscussedinclude thekineticsoftheelectromagneticradiationintheUniverse,theionizationhistoryof cosmicplamas,theoriginofprimordialperturbationsinlightoftheinflationparadigm, andtheformationofanisotropyandpolarizationoftheCMB. This timely and accessible review will be valuable to advanced students and researchersincosmology.Thetexthighlightstheprogressmadebyrecentexperiments, includingtheWMAPsatellite,andlooksaheadtofutureCMBexperiments. pavel naselsky is a research scientist and associate professor at the Niels Bohr InstituteandattheRostovStateUniversity,Russia.Hehaswrittenover100paperson CMBphysicsandcosmology,andhastaughtanadvancedcourseon‘Anisotropyand polarizationoftheCMB’.HeisamemberoftheESAtechnicalworkinggroupofthe PLANCKproject. dmitry novikovisanastronomerandresearchassociateattheAstrophysicsGroup ofImperialCollegeLondonandalsoaresearchscientistattheAstroSpaceCenterofthe P.N.LebedevPhysicsInstitute,Moscow.Hismainresearchinterestsandpublications areincosmologyandastrophysics. igor novikovisaprofessoratCopenhagenUniversityandwasDirectoroftheThe- oreticalAstrophysicsCenterpriortoitstransfertotheNielsBohrInstitute.Heisalso a research scientist at the Astro Space Center of the P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Moscow.Hismainresearchhasbeenongravitation,physicsandastrophysicsofblack holes,cosmologyandphysicsoftheCMB.Hehasbeenactivelyinvolvedinthetheory oftheanisotropyoftheCMBanddevelopmentofthetheorywithapplicationstothe observationsfromspace-andground-basedtelescopes. CambridgeAstrophysicsSeries Serieseditors AndrewKing,DouglasLin,StephenMaran,JimPringleandMartinWard Titlesavailableinthisseries 7. SpectroscopyofAstrophysicalPlasmas editedbyA.DalgarnoandD.Layzer 10. QuasarAstronomy byD.W.Weedman 17. MolecularCollisionsintheInterstellarMedium byD.Flower 18. PlasmaLoopsintheSolarCorona byR.J.Bray,L.E.Cram,C.J.DurrantandR.E.Loughhead 19. BeamsandJetsinAstrophysics editedbyP.A.Hughes 22. Gamma-rayAstronomy2ndEdition byP.V.RamanaMurthyandA.W.Wolfendale 23. TheSolarTransitionRegion byJ.T.Mariska 24. SolarandStellarActivityCycles byPeterR.Wilson 25. 3K:TheCosmicMicrowaveBackgroundRadiation byR.B.Partridge 26. X-rayBinaries byWalterH.G.Lewin,JanvanParadijsandEdwardP.J.vandenHeuvel 27. RRLyraeStars byHoraceA.Smith 28. CataclysmicVariableStars byBrianWarner 29. TheMagellanicClouds byBengtE.Westerlund 30. GlobularClusterSystems byKeithM.AshmanandStephenE.Zepf 32. AccretionProcessesinStarFormation byLeeW.Hartmann 33. TheOriginandEvolutionofPlanetaryNebulae bySunKwok 34. SolarandStellarMagneticActivity byCarolusJ.SchrijverandCornelisZwaan 35. TheGalaxiesoftheLocalGroup bySidneyvandenBergh 36. StellarRotation byJean-LouisTassoul 37. ExtremeUltravioletAstronomy byMartinA.BarstowandJayB.Holberg 38. PulsarAstronomy3rdEdition byAndrewG.LyneandFrancisGraham-Smith 39. CompactStellarX-RaySources editedbyWalterH.G.LewinandMichielvanderKlis 40. EvolutionaryProcessesinBinaryandMultipleStars byPeterEggleton THE PHYSICS OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND PAVEL D. NASELSKY NielsBohrInstitute,CopenhagenandtheRostovStateUniversity DMITRY I. NOVIKOV ImperialCollegeLondonandtheP.N.LebedevPhysicsInstitute,Moscow IGOR D. NOVIKOV NielsBohrInstitute,CopenhagenandtheP.N.LebedevPhysicsInstitute,Moscow TranslatedbyNinaIskandarianandVitalyKisin Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridge,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridg e.org /9780521855501 © P. D. Naselsky, D. I. Novikov and I. D. Novikov 2006 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionof relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. Firstpublishedinprintformat 2006 - ---- eBook(EBL) - --- eBook(EBL) - ---- hardback - --- hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of s forexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,anddoesnot guaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. TheevolutionoftheUniversecanbecomparedtoadisplayoffireworksthathasjustended: somefewwisps,ashesandsmoke.Standingonawell-chilledcinder,weseetheslowfading ofthesuns,andtrytorecallthevanishedbrillianceoftheoriginoftheworlds. Abbe´ George-HenriLemaˆıtre,thelate1920s Contents PrefacetotheRussianedition pagexi PrefacetotheEnglishedition xv 1 Observationalfoundationsofmoderncosmology 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 CurrentstatusofknowledgeaboutthespectrumoftheCMB intheUniverse 6 1.3 ThebaryoniccomponentofmatterintheUniverse 16 2 KineticsofelectromagneticradiationinauniformUniverse 33 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 RadiationtransferequationintheUniverse 34 2.3 ThegeneralizedKompaneetsequation 38 2.4 Comptondistortionofradiationspectrumoninteractionwith hotelectrons 39 2.5 RelativisticcorrectionoftheZeldovich–Sunyaeveffect 40 2.6 ThekinematicZeldovich–Sunyaeveffect 44 2.7 DeterminationofH fromthedistortionoftheCMBspectrumand 0 thedataonx-rayluminosityofgalaxyclusters 46 2.8 Comptonizationatlargeredshift 47 3 TheionizationhistoryoftheUniverse 53 3.1 Theinevitabilityofhydrogenrecombination 53 3.2 Standardmodelofhydrogenrecombination 57 3.3 Thethree-levelapproximationforthehydrogenatom 58 3.4 Qualitativeanalysisofrecombinationmodes 61 3.5 Detailedtheoryofrecombination:multilevelapproximation 63 3.6 Numericalanalysisofrecombinationkinetics 68 3.7 SpectraldistortionoftheCMBinthecourseofcosmological recombination 75 3.8 Theinevitabilityofhydrogenreionization 78 3.9 Typeofdarkmatteranddetailedionizationbalance 80 3.10 Mechanismsofdistortionofhydrogenrecombinationkinetics 88 3.11 Recombinationkineticsinthepresenceofionizationsources 90 vii viii Contents 4 PrimordialCMBandsmallperturbationsofuniform cosmologicalmodel 94 4.1 Radiationtransferinnon-uniformmedium 94 4.2 Classificationoftypesofinitialperturbations 96 4.3 Gaugeinvariance 100 4.4 Multicomponentmedium:classificationofthetypesof scalarperturbations 102 4.5 Newtoniantheoryofevolutionofsmallperturbations 111 4.6 Relativistictheoryoftheevolutionofperturbationsinthe expandingUniverse 115 4.7 Sakharovmodulationsofthespectrumofdensityperturbations inthebaryonicUniverse 121 4.8 Sakharovoscillations:observationofcorrelations 127 5 Primaryanisotropyofthecosmicmicrowavebackground 129 5.1 Introduction 129 5.2 TheSachs–Wolfeeffect 131 5.3 TheSilkandDopplereffectsandtheSakharovoscillations oftheCMBspectrum 147 5.4 C(l)asafunctionoftheparametersofthecosmologicalmodel 155 6 Primordialpolarizationofthecosmicmicrowavebackground 163 6.1 Introduction 163 6.2 Electricandmagneticcomponentsofthepolarizationfield 168 6.3 Localandnon-localdescriptionsofpolarization 170 6.4 Geometricrepresentationofthepolarizationfield 173 7 Statisticalpropertiesofrandomfieldsofanisotropyand polarizationintheCMB 179 7.1 Introduction 179 7.2 SpectralparametersoftheGaussiananisotropyfield 180 7.3 LocaltopologyoftherandomGaussiananisotropyfield:peakstatistics 183 7.4 Signalstructureintheneighbourhoodofminimaandmaxima oftheCMBanisotropy 187 7.5 Peakstatisticsonanisotropymaps 188 7.6 Clusterizationofpeaksonanisotropymaps 194 7.7 Minkowskifunctionals 197 7.8 StatisticalnatureofthesignalintheBOOMERANGand MAXIMA-1data 204 7.9 Simplestmodelofanon-Gaussiansignalanditsmanifestation inMinkowskifunctionals 207 7.10 Topologicalfeaturesofthepolarizationfield 211 8 TheWilkinsonMicrowaveAnisotropyProbe(WMAP) 216 8.1 Missionandinstrument 216 8.2 Scientificresults 217
The list of books you might like
