The Phylogeny of the Genera in the Tribes Deltocephalini, Paralimnini , and Their Allies (Homoptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae)

45 Pages·1999·3.5 MB·English

by  Kamitani, Satoshi

九州大学学術情報リポジトリ
Kyushu University Institutional Repository
The Phylogeny of the Genera in the Tribes
Deltocephalini, Paralimnini , and Their Allies
(Homoptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae)
Kamitani, Satoshi
http://hdl.handle.net/2324/2636
出版情報：ESAKIA. 39, pp.65-108, 1999-03-31. published by the Entomological Laboratory,
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
バージョン：
権利関係：
,AIKASE :)93( -56 108. March 3 1,1999
The Phylogeny of the Genera in the Tribes Deltocephalini,
Paralimnini , and Their Allies (Homoptera,
Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) *
Satoshi KAMITANI
lacigolomotnE ,yrotarobaL ytlucaF fo ,erutlucirgA
uhsuyK ,ytisrevinU Fukuoka, 8 12-858 I napaJ
Abstract. ehT citenegolyhp pihsnoitaler gnoma the areneg of the ylimafbus
eanilahpecotleD dna sti seilla gnirrucco ni napaJ si ,deiduts dna the sebirt
inilahpecotleD dna ininmilaraP are .denifeder ehT citenegolyhp sesylana
were desab nopu the ynomisrap-mumixam dohtem yb the launam dna
dedia-retupmoc noitcurtsnocer htiw the hctiF characters dna rengaW
characters dethgiew-non( or .)dethgiew ruof-ytxiS characters were desu for
the citenegolyhp .sesylana inilahpecotleD s. str. was dedulcnoc ot eb
citelyhparap dna sedulcni 2 .segaenil ehT DeEtocephaZus edalc stsisnoc of
Alobaldia, Deltocephalus, Endria, Recilia, dna Paramesodes. ,yrartnoC
Futasujinus, Hengchunia, Takagiella, dna Yanocephalus gnoleb ot the
Paralimnus egaenil htiw Paralimnus, Paralaevicephalus, Psnrmlotrttis,
Metalimnus, Diplocolenus, Jassus, Sorhoanus, Doratura, dna Aco~~~~wlla.
ehT Deltocephalus edalc was referred ot the ebirt inilahpecotleD dna the
Paralimnus edalc ot the ebirt .ininmilaraP
yeK :sdrow ,ynegolyhp ,ygolohprom ,inilahpecotleD .ininmilaraP -aciC
eadilled .
Introduction
htoB sebirt of inilahpecotleD dna ininmilaraP esirpmoc llams sreppohfael gnivah -nairt
ylralug decudorp .xetrev esehT sebirt edulcni 137 69 ,areneg ,ylevitcepser dna are
ylediw detubirtsid ni the dlrow morf the laciport ot the ralop-imes snoiger rednu suoirav
latnemnorivne .snoitidnoc tsoM of rieht stsoh are suonodelytoconom stnalp gnidulcni
ecir dna other larutlucirga crops. emoS seiceps of these sebirt are nwonk-llew suoires
larutlucirga pests, hcus as the gaz-giz ,reppohfael Recilia dorsalis ,)yksluhcstoM( hcihw
si the rotcev of ,orgnut ecir dwarf, ecir llag dwarf suriv ,sesaesid dna the elos rotcev of
the egnaro fael ML0 .esaesid
erehT are ynam stnemugra gnitiawa noitulos as ot rieht .scitametsys ehT 2 sebirt are
dedulcni ni ,eanilahpecotleD hcihw si the tsegral dilledacic ylimafbus gnidulcni erom naht
700 areneg dna 10,000 seiceps ni 23 .sebirt ,revewoH the sebirt are ton yldigir denifed
dna rieht segnar are elbairav gnidrocca ot .srohtua
* noitubirtnoC morf the lacigolomotnE ,yrotarobaL ytlucaF of .erutlucirgA uhsuyK
,ytisrevinU akoukuF (Ser. 5, No. 22).
66 .S INATIMAK
nI the ylrae emit of reppohfael ,ymonoxat Deltocephalus, the epyt suneg of
,ilahpecotleD was treated ni Jassidae, hcihw was ton dedividbus otni ylimafbus or ebirt
,litS( 1869). rebeiF (1869) dehsilbatse a cimonoxat ,puorg ,ilahpecotleD gnidulcni
Deltocephalus dna Platymetopius. sihT si a etanidrobus noxat of the ylimaf Jassidae.
inilahpecotleD si tnelaviuqe ot a ylimafbus yrogetac ni the tneserp ,esnes dna si the tsedlo
elbaliava eman for eanilahpecotleD dna inilahpecotleD htiw the elpicnirp of .noitanidrooc
tneuqesbuS srohtua ni the 19th yrutnec nageb ot esu the eman for rehgih taxa gnidulcni
Deltocephalus.
ylraE ni the 20th ,yrutnec there were 2 cimonoxat smetsys detaler ot the noitacifissalc
of .inilahpecotleD enO si that lla sreppohfael ralimis ot Jassus were treated ni Jassidae or
eanissaJ tuohtiw noisividbus otni .spuorg nI the other ,metsys eanissaJ was dedividbus
otni hcus spuorg as airasulahpecotleD dna ,airaludaciC yb tnatsiD (1908).
nI the elddim of the 20th ,yrutnec the evitarapmoc ygolohprom was decudortni ot the
noitacifissalc of .sreppohfael namO (1949) tsrif dezingocer inilahpecotleD ni
eanilahpecotleD htiw noissucsid of cimonoxat characters, dna denifed the ebirt yb the
head serutcurts dna gniw smrof suoretporcam( or .)suoretporcam-imes sihT ebirt
desirpmoc ynam areneg of tnecer eanilahpecotleD dna .eanilahpeconeleS
irouvanniL (1960a, )b dna vonajlemE (1962) diap laiceps noitnetta ot the elam -ineg
,ailat dna deifidom s’namO noitinifed (1949) of .inilahpecotleD vonajlemE ( 1962) -batse
dehsil wen :sebirt inigrassaJ =( ,)ininmilaraP ,inirutaroD dna iniispO ni ,eaniiahpecotleD
dna detseggus that inilahpecotleD si erom ylesolc detaler ot ininasyhtA naht ot inigrassaJ
.yllacitenegolyhp ,yltneceR tsom workers wollof the rehgih noitacifissalc yb irouvanniL
dna .vonajlemE ,revewoH notlimaH (1975) detseggus the esolc noitaler of inilahpecotleD
ot .ininmilaraP
nA tnemugra tuoba citsongaid characters of inilahpecotleD dna ininmilaraP are as
.swollof owT sorts of noitinifed ni rediw esnes dna tcirts esnes evah neeb deilppa ot
.inilahpecotleD inilahpecotleD ni rediw esnes si desab no the 9 cimonoxat :sretcarahc the
ytiugitnoc of evitcennoc sehcnarb at rieht ,secipa the shape dna sgnikram of .xetrev the
denettalf ,xetrev the ediw ,eaneg the m2-cual cross ,niev dna the lacipabus llec of fore
,sgniw the noitazitorelcs of elam 10th ,tnemges dna the shape of evitcennoc ,flacteM(
;76-7291 Le ,enseuQ ;9691 Lee dna ,nowK ;9791 ,gnehC 1980).
sihT noitinifed sedulcni the gniwollof .smelborp tsoM cimonoxat characters are ton -xe
denima no rieht ,ytiralop gniredro of each state, dna noitubirtsid ni dna .spuorg-tuo emoS
characters are tneserp ylno ni a few seiceps of ,inilahpecotleD dna other characters are
shared htiw emos other sebirt naht .inilahpecotleD ehT ssentalf of xetrev si appeared ni
the sebirt other naht eanilahpecotleD hcus as inilaceH dna .inirutaroD ehT sgnikram of
xetrev are elbairav htiw .areneg ,eroferehT ti si tluciffid ot ezingocer these characters as
the seihpromopanys of .inilahpecotleD
inilahpecotleD ni tcirts esnes si desab no the gniwollof 4 :sretcarahc the shape of -noc
,evitcen the lellarap dedis ,sullepylc the yleritne depoleved eanirac of ,mutonorp dna the
lagaedea shaft desuf ot elcos ,irouvanniL( 1960a, ;b ,vonajlemE ;2691 Nast, ;2791
veirfunA dna ,vonajlemE ;8791 ,etsabliV ;2891 ,nosslinnaissO ;3891 ,anitsuiG ;9891
namO te al., 1990).
enO of citenegolyhp stnemugra si hcihw ebirt or sebirt are the retsis puorg of
.inilahpecotleD notlimaH (1975) decalp areneg of inilahpecotleD dna ininmilaraP usnes(
namO et al.) ni sih ebirtbus anilahpecotleD of the ylimafbus .eanidorhpA He detseggus
YNEGOLYHP FO ARENEG NI INILAHPECOTLED DNA SEILLA 6 7
that the 2 sebirt are ylesolc detaler ot eno .rehtona sihT pihsnoitaler si osla detroppus yb
the tluser of thginK dna bbeW (1993). ,yrartnoC vonajlemE (1962) detseggus that
inilahpecotleD si detaler ot .ininasyhtA
ehT citenegolyhp pihsnoitaler neewteb inilahpecotleD dna ininmilaraP has ton tey neeb
.dessucsid sebirT are netfo denifed no the characters elbisivid yb the egral lacigolohprom
gaps ni the lanoitidart .ymonoxat ,revewoH lla taxa tsum eb detcelfer the citenegolyhp -er
spihsnoital dna denifed yb yhpromopanys ni the citenegolyhp .scitametsys
ehT tneserp yduts si demia ot yfiralc the spihsnoitaler gnoma the areneg of the -mafbus
yli eanilahpecotleD gnirrucco ni ,napaJ dna ot enifeder the sebirt inilahpecotleD dna
ininmilaraP .yllacitenegolyhp ehT cisab cimonoxat metsys adopted ni the tneserp yduts si
deiler ylniam nopu namO et al. (1990) dna yltrap nopu flacteM .)76-7291( ehT remrof
metsys si the tsetal dna derevoc lla areneg of .eanilahpecotleD
I hsiw ot express ym erecnis edutitarg ot Prof. J. awakuY .tnE( ,.baL .taF ,.rgA
uhsuyK ,.vinU )akoukuF for sih .snoitcerid yM laidroc sknaht are eud ot Prof. sutiremE
.K otomiroM uhsuyK( ,.vinU )akoukuF dna .cossA Prof. 0. ihcuadaT .tnE( ,.baL .taF
,.rgA uhsuyK ,.vinU )akoukuF for rieht lufpleh stnemmoc for the tneserp .yduts I ma
detbedni ot Prof. M. ihsayaH .loiB( ,,baL .taF ,.cudE amatiaS ,).vinU who evag em
dnik snoitseggus dna denaol elbaulav .snemiceps I knaht Dr. .S otomayiM akoukuF(
)ytiC dna .cossA Prof. .T aganusaY .loiB( ,.baL odiakkoH .cudE ).vinU for rieht -gus
.snoitseg
Specimens examined and methods for observation
deirD snemiceps were desu ni .lareneg ehT nemodba or eritne ydob was steeped ni 5%
HOK ,noitulos dna deliob for 3 ot 5 setunim litnu the snagro emaceb soft. retfA siht
,tnemtaert the snemiceps were derrefsnart ot 25% lonahte ,noitulos dna detcessid dna -bo
devres rednu a raluconib .epocsorcim ehT laretal eanirac of mutonorp was devresbo
hguorht na cirtcele gninnacs epocsorcim for 16 :seiceps Alobaldia tobae, Recilia oqzae,
Exitianus fusconervosus, Laburrus irnpictifrons, Aconurella orientalis, Hecalus concen-
tralis, Macrosteles quadrimaculatus, Hishimonus sellatus, Yanocephalus yanonis,
Psammotettix striatus, Phlogotettix cyclops, Scaphoideus festivus, Doratulina producta,
Amimenus mojiensis, Xestocephalus nikkoensis, dna Pagaronia okadai.
ehT snemiceps denimaxe ni siht yduts were denaol morf or detanod yb the gniwollof
:snoitutitsni lacigolomotnE ,yrotarobaL ytlucaF of ,erutlucirgA uhsuyK ,ytisrevinU
,akoukuF J. ;awakuY tnemtrapeD of ,ygoloiB ytlucaF of ,noitacudE amatiaS ,ytisrevinU
,awarU ,amatiaS M. .ihsayaH
neveS areneg of inilahpecotleD usnes( ,namO thginK dna )nosleiN morf napaJ were
:denimaxe Deltocephalus, Alobaldia, Recilia, Futasujinus, Hengchunia, Yanocephalus
dna Takagiella. ruof-ytrihT areneg gnidulcni the ylesolc detaler seilimafbus were -maxe
deni for the puorgtuo .nosirapmoc ehT gniwollof 3 seiceps hcihw do ton rucco ni napaJ
were osla :desu Deltocephalus pulicaris si the epyt seiceps of the suneg Deltocephulus dna
the ebirt ;inilahpecotleD Doratura gravis si a seiceps of the epyt suneg of the ebirt
;inirutaroD Endria inimica si a seiceps htiw lareves euqinu serutaef of .inilahpecotleD
A tsiL of seiceps denimaxe
86 .S INATIMAK
,eanilahpecotleD :inilahpecotleD Alobaldia tobae )arumustaM( .sgiF( -9 16), Hengchunia
koshuensis )arumustaM( .sgiF( ,)45-74 Deltocephalus pulicaris )nellaF( .sgiF( 2-71 ,)l
ReciEia coronifer )llahsraM( .sgiF( 7-46 ,)l Deltocephalus sp., R. dnrsalis ,)yksluhcstoM(
Endria inimica )yaS( .sgiF( ,)73-03 R. oryzae ,)arumustaM( Futasujinus candidus
)arumustaM( .sgiF( 3%46), .F towadensis ,)arumustaM( Takagiella tezuyae )arumustaM(
.sgiF( 5563), Yanocephalus yanonis )arumustaM( .sgiF( .)97-27 :ininasyhtA
Albicostella kiushuensis ,etsabliV Nephotettix cincticeps ,)relhU( Exitinrzrls~~f2lsconervn-
sus ,)yksluhcstoM( Orientus ishidue ,)arumustaM( Handianus limhifer ,)arumustaM(
Paramesodes albinervosus ,)arumustaM( Laburrus impictifrons ,)namehoB( Limotettix
striola ,)nellaF( Matsumurella kogotensis ,)arumustaM( Scleroracus jakowleffi
.)yrreihteL( :inihtulclaB Balclutha incisa .)arumustaM( :iniludaciC Elymana sralphurella
.)tdetsretteZ( :inirutaroD Aconurella orientalis ,)arumustaM( Doratura gravis .vonajlemE
:inilaceH HecaEus concentralis .)arumustaM( :iniletsorcaM Macrosteles stritjrorzs
,veirfunA Yamatotettixflavovittatus .arumustaM :iniispO Hishimonus selIatr4.s .)relhU(
:ininmilaraP Diplocolenus evansii )daemhsA( .sgiF( ,)78-08 Paralimnus tanzagawanus
arumustaM .sgiF( ,)121-311 Jussargus repEetus )rebeiF( .sgiF( S&95), Psammotettix
striutus )sueanniL( .sgiF( ,)031-221 Metalimnus marmoratus )rolF( .sgiF( ,)301-69
Sorhoanus tritici )arumustaM( .sgiF( 13 -l 138), Paralaevicephalus nigr$emoratus
)arumustaM( .sgiF( l-401 12). :iniipotemytalP PhEogotetix cyclops tnasluM( et .)yeR
:iniediohpacS Scaphoideus albovittatus ,arumustaM .S festivus .arumustaM
:iniipotyhpacS Japananus hyalinus .)nrobsO( :iniipotemonetS Doratulina producta
,)arumustaM( Paivanana indra .)tnatsiD( eatrecnI :sides Amimenus mojiensis
.)arumustaM(
:eanilahpecotseX Xestocephalus iguchii .)arumustaM(
:eanissaI Batracomorphus mundus .)arumustaM(
:eanidorhpA Planaphrodes sahlbergi .)terongiS(
:eanilahpeconeleS Drabescus nigrifemoratus .)arumustaM(
:eaninopolobaraP Parabolopona guttatus .)relhU(
:eanimihtneP Penthimia nitida .yrreihteL
Characters examined
ehT lanretxe erutcurts of eanilahpecotleD as llew as other dilledacic seilimafbus has
neeb ylriaf llew ,deiduts dna the smret deyolpme are tsomla .tnerehoc ehT lareneg -imret
ygolon ni siht paper si ylniam dewollof after rekcolB et al. (1985) dna the noitanev si after
Pope (1994).
ehT citsidalc sisylana was desab no 64 coded lacigolohprom characters, 14 morf head,
12 morf ,cicaroht 2 morf ,lanimodba 6 morf ,lanretni dna 30 morf latineg serutcurts
elbaT( 1).
Head
1. Shape of Vertex: (0) ,dednuor ssel naht 1 ;O. (1) ylralugnairt ,decudorp 1. O ot ;4.1
(2) ylgnorts ,decudorp erom naht 1.4. ehT shape of xetrev was detneserper yb the evitaler
YNEGOLYHP FO ARENEG NI INILAHPECOTLED DNA SEILLA 6 9
1asem htgnel ot the htgnel at edis yb .eye thginK dna bbeW ( 1993, rieht character 3) -cer
dezingo 2 character :setats ,decudorp dna ralimis ni htgnel .tuohguorht
2. Head width: (0) ;reworran (1) ;lauqe (2) .rediw ehT evitaler htdiw of the head ot
mutonorp si eno of rojam citsongaid characters ni the noitacifissalc of .eanilahpecotleD
thginK dna bbeW rieht( character 0) dedivid otni 2 :setats lauqe or .rediw dna .reworran
nI siht ,yduts the lauqe“ or ”rediw state was .dedividbus
3. Dorsal surface of vertex: (0) ton ;denettalf (1) ylkaew ;denettalf (2) ylgnorts -talf
.denet notlimaH (1975) treated the ssentalf no the retnec of xetrev as a citsongaid -carahc
ter of the ebirtbus anirutaroD ,eanidorhpA( .)inidorhpA ehT xetrev was ylgnorts denettalf
ni ,inirutaroD ,inilaceH ,eanidorhpA ,eaninopolobaraP dna ,eanimihtneP tub ylkaew so ni
emos seiceps of .eanilahpecotleD
4. Markings of vertex: (0) etalucammi or ton dradnatsbus ;sgnikram ( 1) elgnis -snart
esrev dnab gnola roiretna ;nigram (2) elgnis or lareves lanidutignol ;sepirts (3) a row of
hsikcalb stops gnola roiretna ,nigram erehT were elbaredisnoc snoitairav ni the gnikram
of .xetrev emoS lacipyt sgnikram hcus as a kcalb esrevsnart dnab gnola sti roiretna
nigram of Nephotettix, appeared yllacisalpomoh ni .eanilahpecotleD thginK dna bbeW
rieht( character 4) dezingocer 3 sdnik of :sgnikram gnisirpmoc a elgnis riap of spots,
other sgnikram dna .etalucammi nI siht ,yduts 3 states of lacipyt sgnikram were
:dezingocer elgnis esrevsnart dnab gnola the roiretna nigram of the ,xetrev elgnis or
lareves lanidutignol sepirts as nees ni Futasujinus or Yamatotettix, dna a row of hsikcalb
stops gnola the roiretna nigram as ni Deltocephalus or Recilia.
5. Location of ocellus: (0) detacol no or roiretsop ot the xetrev ;eairts (1) detacol no
the yradnuob neewteb face dna roiretna nigram of ;xetrev (2) detacol no face. ehT noitacol
of sulleco si tnatropmi ot eziretcarahc emos dilledacic .seilimafbus nosslinnaissO ( 1983)
desu siht character for a yek of .eanissaI enO of yek characters ni eanimihtneP si whether
or ton the illeco are detautis roiretsop ot the eairts of the roiretna nigram of .xetrev ehT
illeco of ,eanidorhpA ,eanilahpeconeleS dna eaninopolobaraP were detautis no the .eairts
sihT character was desu as a citenegolyhp character, for the tsrif ,emit ni the tneserp
.yduts
6. Size of ocellus: (0) ;llams (1) .egral ehT ezis of illeco ylegral seirav htiw .areneg
ehT illeco of Deltocephalus were regral naht the head. nI ,tsartnoc those of Orierztus were
.rellams ,eroferehT the 2 states were .dezingocer sihT character was deilppa for the -yhp
citenegol ,sesylana for the tsrif ,emit ni the tneserp .yduts
7. Distance between ocellus and eye: (0) ;tnatsid (1) .esolc ehT ecnatsid neewteb
the sulleco dna the tnecajda eye was yltcnitsid shorter ni Deltocephalus dna sti deilla -neg
era, whereas ti was regnol naht the retemaid of sulleco ni tsom seiceps of .eanilahpecotleD
,nehT siht character was desu for the sesylana as a citenegolyhp erutaef of Deltoceplznlrrs
.puorg
.8 Lateral frontal suture: (0) gnitcerid ot edistuo or elddim of ;sulleco (1) gnitcerid ot
edisni of ;sulleco (2) gnitcerid ;yllaidem (3) short. ehT laretal latnorf serutus dednetxe ot
sulleco ni tsom ,eanilahpecotleD tub those of the puorgtuo seilimafbus were short or -xe
dednet .yllaidem thginK dna bbeW desu 2 characters ni rieht .yduts ehT noitaler of the
serutus ot the illeco rieht( character 11) was dedivid otni 2 :setats gnitcerid towards -leco
,sul or gnitcerid .yllaidem ehT htgnel rieht( character 12) was osla dedivid otni 2 :setats
gnol or short. esehT characters dluohs eb ylesolc detaler ot eno ,rehtona dna denibmoc
otni a elgnis character.
70 S. KAMITANI
9. Transclypeal suture: (0) thgiarts or ylkaew ;dehcra (1) ylgnorts arched. ehT shape
of sullepylc was detneserper yb the laepylcsnart dna lallepylc .serutus ehT shape of the
remrof erutus was dezingocer ot evah 3 states yb thginK dna bbeW rieht( character :)8
ylkaew arched, ylgnorts arched, or .tnesba ehT state ”tnesba“ was euqinu ot nzrilolaB ni
rieht ,yduts dna ton dnuof ni the seiceps denimaxe ni the tneserp .yduts
10. Clypellal suture: (0) ;thgiarts (1) arched raen the lacipa .3/l thginK dna bbeW
desu the shape of the laretal nigram of sullepylc for gnipuorg of inihtulclaB rieht( -carahc
ter 9).
11. Incision of gena: (0) ton ;desicni (1) ;desicni (2) ylgnorts .desicni ehT laneg -icni
nois woleb eye has neeb desu as a yek character for gnipuorg the sebirt of
.eanilahpecotleD ehT ecnesba or noitcuder of noisicni was devresbo ni ,iniipotyhpacS dna
a egral noisicni was tneserp ni .inilaceH
12. Width of gena: (0) ;ediw (1) .worran arahihsI (1953) desu the laneg htdiw as a
cimonoxat character of .eanilahpecotleD ehT eaneg were deworran woleb the arol ni
iniletsorcaM dna .inihtulclaB
13. Shape of genal sensory pit: (0) ;dednuor (1) .lacitpille alkiwC dna gatyerF
(1983) decudortni a wen character, the laneg yrosnes .nagro sihT stsisnoc of the yrosnes
seta dna .tip ehT remrof was yrev short dna tluciffid ot evresbo rednu a raluconib -orcim
scope. ehT rettal was ylisae devresbo rednu a epocsorcim htiw HOK .tnemtaert hguohtlA
the noitacol was yllanoisacco desu for the citenegolyhp ,sesylana the shape was desu here
for the tsrif .emit
14. Location of genal sensory pit: (0) esolc ot ;murol (1) ylthgils tnatsid morf -ol
;mur (2) tnatsid morf .murol ehT laneg yrosnes tip setacol no the ,aneg tub the ecnatsid ot
the murol or the retuo nigram of aneg si .elbairav thginK dna bbeW rieht( character 13)
desu the noitacol of laneg yrosnes ,tip dna dedivid otni 2 :setats detacol no yllartnev or
.yllasrod riehT cihpromopa state ”lasrod“ si dnuof ylno ni Argntermn, Snnctnlzeltwi~~, dna
Cochlorhinus. sihT character was desab no the ecnatsid ot the .murol
xarohT
15. laretaL anirac of :mutonorp (0) yleritne ;depoleved (1) yltrap .erucsbo ehT -tal
lare anirac of mutonorp has neeb desu as a cimonoxat character of ininmilaraP =(
)inigrassaJ yb vonajlemE (1962). sihT anirac si tluciffid ot evresbo ni yrd ,lairetam tub
semoceb raelc ni detaert-HOK snemiceps rednu a epocsorcim hguorht the tnerapsnart
.thgil thginK dna bbeW dedivid otni 2 :setats etanirac or htooms rieht( character 19), dna
inatimaK (1997) dessucsid siht character.
16. Longitudinal stripes of pronotum: (0) ;tnesba (1) .tneserp ehT mutonorp of
sreppohfael si yllausu .etalucammi ehT lanidutignol sepirts are a lacipyt ,gnikram dna
thginK dna bbeW desu siht erutaef rieht( character 20).
17. htgneL of fore wing: (0) ;suoretporcam (1) ;suoretporcam-imes (2) -retpyhcarb
.suo ehT smrof of fore sgniw were dedivid otni 3 :sepyt the .suoretporcam -retpyhcarb
,suo dna .suoretporcam-imes tsoM slaudividni of Aconurella were ,suoretpyhcarb tub
emos were .suoretporcam
18. c-scr cross vein of fore wing: (0) ;tnesba (1) .tneserp semitemoS the fore
sgniw evah eno or erom c-scr cross .sniev ehT cross sniev of Scuphoideus u1hovittutu.s
were elbairav htiw .snemiceps
PHYLOGENY OF GENERA IN DELTOCEPHALINI AND ALLIES 7 1
19. m2-cual cross vein of fore wing: (0) ;tnesba (1) .tneserp ehT lauc-221r cross
niev sedivid the renni naidem llec of fore sgniw otni 2 .sllec ehT lacipa llec si yllausu
dellac as the renni lacipabus llec yb rekcolB dna mohelpirT (1985).
20. Outer subapical cell of fore wing: (0) ;tneserp (1) .tnesba ehT ecnesba of retuo
lacipabus llec no the fore sgniw si the tsom tnatropmi character of iniletsorcaM dna
.inihtulclaB thginK dna bbeW regarded siht state as a yhpromopanys of the 2 sebirt rieht(
character 25).
21. Outer subapical cell of fore wing: (0) ;nepo (1) .desolc fI the retuo lacipabus
llec si ,tneserp emos are desolc .yllacipa sihT character was desu as a cimonoxat character
yb arahihsI (1953).
22. Fore wing: width of appendix: (0) ;ediw (1) ;tcnitsid (2) tnesba or yrev
.worran ehT xidneppa of fore sgniw was tcnitsid ni .eanilahpecotleD tI was ediw ni
Macrosteles dna Balclutha, dna worran ni Yanocephalus. sihT character was desu as a
citenegolyhp character for the tsrif .emit
23. Fore wing: termination of appendix: (0) raen ;2AuC (1) neewteb M2 dna
;lAuC (2) neewteb lM dna M2. ehT ezis of xidneppa sdneped no sti htdiw dna .htgnel
ehT htgnel was detaulave yb the noitisop of .noitanimret
24. Fore wing: 1st apical cell: (0) ton or ylno yletuca ;dettuba (1) yldaorb .dettuba
sihT character was desu yb thginK dna bbeW rieht( character 24), dna dedivid otni 2
states. ehT tnemtuba neewteb the ts1 lacipa dna retuo lacipabus llec was dnuof ni emos
areneg of .iniletsorcaM
25. Hind wing: apical cells: (0) ;ruof (1) three. ehT 2R dna lM of dnih sgniw esuf
ni suoretpyhcarb AconureEZa, dna neht the lacipa sllec emoceb ot eb 3 ni .rebmun sihT
state was detniop tuo ot eb na tnatropmi character of inirutaroD yb vonajlemE (1962).
thginK dna bbeW desu siht character as a citenegolyhp erutaef of ,inihtulclaB dna osla
dedivid otni 2 states rieht( character 26).
26. dniH :gniw lanigram :niev (0) yleritne ;depoleved (1) yltrap .deraeppasid ehT
lanigram niev of dnih sgniw was yltrap .deraeppasid sihT state si na tnatropmi character
of eanilahpecotseX inatimaK( 1996).
nemodbA
27, elameF 7th :munrets (0) devruc ;dairetna (1) tsomla ;thgiarts (2) devruc dairetsop
or .etaludnu ehT laduac nigram of the 7th munrets ni elamef deirav htiw .seiceps
28. elaM 10th :tnemges (0) ylluf dezitorelcs dna ;gnol (1) yltrap suonarbmem dna
;trohs (2) ylluf .suonarbmem ehT latinegtsop stnemges tsisnoc of the 10th dna 11 ht -ges
.stnem noitazinarbmeM of the 10th tnemges si elbairav inatimaK( 1998). thginK dna
bbeW desu siht character rieht( character 54) dna dedivid otni 2 :setats dezitorelcs at tsael
ni part, or .suonarbmem ehT remrof state was dedivid otni 2 :setatsbus ylluf dezitorelcs
dna ,gnol dna yltrap suonarbmem dna short.
lanretnI erutcurts
29, roiretnA lairotnet mra :htgnel (0) ;regnol (1) ylraen ;lauqe (2) ;retrohs (3) -ba
.tnes ehT evitaler htgnel of the roiretsop ot roiretna part of roiretna mra was elbairav dna
dedivid otni the 4 states. ehT ytiralop of siht character was the noitcuder of .smra
30. lasroD lairotnet mra :htgnel (0) ;retrohs (1) tsomla ;lauqe (2) .regnol ehT -aler
evit htgnel of the lasab part of lasrod mra was dedivid otni the 3 states.
27 .S INATIMAK
31. Angles between anterior and dorsal arm: (0) ssel naht the thgir ;elgna (1) the
thgir elgna or revo the thgir .elgna ehT elgna neewteb roiretna dna lasrod mra was ssel
naht the thgir elgna ni tsom enilahpecotled .seiceps
32. Male apodeme of 1st sternum: (0) ;llams (1) .egral ehT elam semedopa of the
ts1 dna dn2 anrets etutitsnoc parts of the labmyt .nagro riehT shapes were suoirav dna
desu as a cinrondxat character of .eanilahpecotleD
33. Male lateral apodeme of 1st sternum: (0) ;tnesba (1) .tneserp ehT laretal
emedopa of the ts1 munrets was depoleved ni Yamatotettix dna Macrosteles.
34. Male apodeme of 2nd sternum: (0) ssel ;detagnole (1) ;detagnole (2) llew -nole
;detag (3) llew detagnole dna gnidnetxe .yllaidem ehT elam emedopa of the dn2 munrets
was erom suoirav ni the htgnel naht that of the 1st. emoS of meht exceeded the roiretsop
nigram of the 3rd .munrets
latineG erutcurts
35. Male pygofer: postero-ventral lobe: (0) ;tnesba (1) .tneserp ehT -nev-oretsop
lart ebol of the elam refogyp si na tnatropmi yek character of .iniletsorcaM thginK dna
bbeW dedivid otni the 2 states rieht( character 49).
36. Male pygofer: apical process: (0) ;tnesba (1) .tneserp emoS areneg of
eanilahpecotleD had na lacipa process of the elam .refogyp thginK dna bbeW desu ti as a
citenegolyhp character of ParaEimnus dna Jassargus, dna dedivid otni the 2 states rieht(
character 51).
37. Male pygofer: macrosetae: (0) erom naht 10 ;eatesorcam (1) ssel naht 10
;eatesorcam (2) .tnesba owT states of siht character were dezingocer yb thginK dna
bbeW rieht( character 52). ehT etaidemretni state, dedivorp htiw ssel naht 10 ,eatesorcam
was desu ni the tneserp .yduts
38. Male pygofer: length of lateral lobe: (0) ;trohs (1) ylraen ;lauqe (2) ;gnol (3)
hcum .regnol ehT htgnel of the elam refogyp ebol was detaulave as a evitaler htgnel ot the
lasem dezitorelcs .noitrop ruoF raenil states were .dezingocer
39. Male pygofer: ventral incision: (0) ;egral (1) llams or .tnesba ehT elam refogyp
has a riap of a lartnev snoisicni raen noitcennoc htiw the .evlav sihT was tcnitsid ni tsom
,seiceps tub was llams or tnesba ni emos .seiceps
40. Male pygofer: short stout setae along posterior margin: (0) :tnesba (1)
.tneserp ehT short tuots setae were tnesba no the laduac nigram of elam refogyp ebol ni
tsom areneg of .eanilahpecotleD
41. elaM :refogyp renni :htoot (0) ;tnesba (1) .tneserp ehT renni htoot no elam -yp
gofer ebol was desu as na tnatropmi cimonoxat character of Xestocephallrs inatimaK(
1996).
42. Subgenital valve: relative length to subgenital plate: (0) ;retrohs (1) lauqe
or greater. ehT evitaler htgnel of latinegbus evlav ot the latinegbus etalp was desu as a
erutaef of ininmilaraP ni the tneserp ,yduts dna 2 states were .dezingocer
43. latinegbuS :etalp :epahs (0) ;gnol (1) ;trohs (2) yrev short, diozepart or -ogatnep
.lan owT states of siht character were dezingocer yb thginK dna bbeW rieht( character
:)75 ralugnairt or .diozepart riehT state ”ralugnairt“ was dedividbus here otni :2 gnol or
short.
PHYLOGENY OF GENERA IN DELTOCEPHALINI AND ALLIES 7 3
44. Subgenital plate: relative length to pygofer: (0) :regnol (1) :lauqe (2)
shorter. ehT evitaler htgnel of latinegbus etalp ot the laduac nigram of refogyp was
coded.
45. Subgenital plate: lateral incision: (0) ton ;desicni (1) .desicni ehT laretal -icni
nois of latinegbus etalp srucco ni Hengchunia, Takagiella, Diplocolenus, dna Jc~s.w~-g~~s.
46. Subgenital plate: finger-like apical lobe: (0) ;tnesba (1) .tneserp ehT -regnif
ekil lacipa ebol of latinegbus etalp si na tnatropmi citsongaid character of iniletsorcaM dna
.inihtulclaB thginK dna bbeW coded 2 states rieht( character 58).
47. Subgenital plate: macrosetae seriation: (0) ;detaires-inu (1) detaires-itlum or
;ralugerri (2) .tnesba ehT retuo laretal nigram of latinegbus etalp evah eatesorcam dna
ekil-riah setae ni tsom ,eadilledaciC tub emos seiceps evah detaires-itlum eatesorcam no
the latinegbus etalp or evah on .eatesorcam thginK dna bbeW dedivid otni ylno 2 states
rieht( character :)06 detaires-inu dna .detaires-itlum nI siht ,yduts the state ”tnesba“ was
added.
48. Subgenital plate: lateral setae: (0) short or ;tnesba (1) .gnol ehT latinegbus
etalp has ekil-riah setae gnola the retuo laretal .nigram esehT setae were ylisae -nitsid
dehsiug morf the eatesorcam yb rieht .retemaid yehT were semitemos regnol naht
.eatesorcam
49. Subgenital plate: apical setae: (0) tnesba or ;trohs (1) .tneserp ehT latinegbus
etalp semitemos has a few ekil-riah setae no sti apex. esehT setae yllausu ,tneserp neve
nehw the laretal setae are .tnesba
50. Style: apophysis: (0) ;etuca (1) ;ekil-regnif (2) .tsubor thginK dna bbeW desu the
sisyhpopa shape of selyts ni rieht citenegolyhp yduts (character 6 1, 62 dna 65). ylnO the
character 61 was desu ni the tneserp .yduts
51. Style: preapical lobe: (0) ylgnorts ;decudorp (1) ;tneserp (2) .tnesba ehT shape
of lacipaerp ebol was desu yb thginK dna bbeW rieht( character 66), dna coded otni 4
:setats ,ralugnatcer ,ralugnairt ,dednuor dna .etatigid esehT states were yldrah
.elbahsiugnitsid ,eroferehT siht character was dedivid otni the 3 states.
52. Style: length of basal articulating process: (0) ;trohs (1) .gnol ehT htgnel of
lasab gnitalucitra process of the elyts was desu as a citsongaid character yb thginK dna
bbeW rieht( character 68).
53. :elytS noitcerid of lasab gnitalucitra :ssecorp (0) ;ylroiretna )I( ;yllaidem (2)
.ylroiretsop ehT noitcerid of lasab gnitalucitra process of the elyts was desu yb thginK
dna bbeW rieht( character 69).
54. :evitcennoC :epahs (0) depahs-Y or ;depahs-U (1) ;depahs-tekcar (2) depahs-V or
deifidom ;depahs-V (3) .raenil nI ,eanilahpecotleD the citenegolyhp ecnacifingis as ot the
cisab shape of evitcennoc has neeb deugra yb ynam .srohtua ehT lacipyt shapes are -Y
shaped, raenil dna .depahs-tekcar thginK dna bbeW added a wen state, ”depahs-V“ rieht(
character 69).
55. :evitcennoC htgnel of :mets (0) tnesba or hcum ;retrohs (1) ;retrohs (2) tsomla
;lauqe (3) .regnol thginK dna bbeW dezingocer the htgnel of evitcennoc mets as a -olyhp
citeneg character rieht( character 70). ehT htgnel was erom elbairav htiw the seiceps of
.ininmilaraP
56. Connective: branch: (0) apart morf each ;rehto (1) esolc ot each other, tub -emos
semit ;trapa (2) desuf ot each other. sihT character was ylesolc detaler ot the character 54,