THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL PRACTICES Thisisthefirstsystematicphilosophicalandconceptualstudyofthe notionofasocialpractice.RaimoTuomelaexplainssocialpractices intermsoftheinterlockingmentalstatesoftheagents;heshowshow socialpractices(forexamplecustomsandtraditions)are“building blocksofsociety”;andheoffersaclearandpowerfulaccountofthe wayinwhichsocialinstitutionsareconstructedfromthesebuilding blocksasestablished,interconnectedsetsofsocialpracticeswitha specialnewsocialstatus.Hisanalysisisbasedonthenovelconcept ofshared“we-attitudes,”whichrepresentaweakformofcollective intentionality,andhemakesinstructiveconnectionstomajortopics and figures in philosophy and the social sciences. His book will be of interest to a wide range of readers in philosophy of mind, philosophyofsocialscience,psychologyandsociology,andartificial intelligence. is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Helsinki. His recent publications include The Importance of Us: A Philosophical Study of Basic Social Notions (), and Cooperation: A PhilosophicalStudy(). This Page Intentionally Left Blank THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL PRACTICES A Collective Acceptance View RAIMO TUOMELA PUBLISHED BY CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS (VIRTUAL PUBLISHING) FOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 IRP 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia http://www.cambridge.org © Raimo Tuomela 2002 This edition © Raimo Tuomela 2003 First published in printed format 2002 A catalogue record for the original printed book is available from the British Library and from the Library of Congress Original ISBN 0 521 81860 5 hardback ISBN 0 511 02077 5 virtual (netLibrary Edition) Tomyfriend,WolfgangBalzer This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents List of figures page ix Acknowledgments x Introduction Collectiveintentionalityandtheconstructionofthesocial world . Wideandnarrowsocialconstructivism . Thecontentsofthisbook Collectiveintentionality . Introductiontocollectiveintentionality . Collectiveintentionssurveyed . Sharedwe-attitudes . Collectiveintentiontoacttogether . Mutualbelief Appendix:thewe-modeandtheI-mode Conceptualactivity,rulefollowing,andsocialpractices . Introduction . Sellarsonconceptualactivity . Canconceptualitybenoncircularlycharacterized? . Elementaryconceptualactivity . Collectivepattern-governedbehavior . Aresocialpracticesrequiredforconceptuality? . Conclusion Anaccountofsocialpractices . Introduction . Collectivesocialaction . Whataresocialpractices? . Thesesregardingcoresocialpractices . Presuppositionalandmotivationalreasons vii viii Contents . Customsandotherkindsofsocialpractices . Conclusion ACollectiveAcceptanceaccountofcollective-social notions . Introduction . ThebasicfeaturesoftheCollectiveAcceptanceaccount . TheCollectiveAcceptanceaccountmadeprecise . Collectivecommitment . Qualificationsandadditions . Collectiveacceptanceassharedwe-attitude . Conclusion Socialinstitutions . Socialinstitutionsintroduced . Thebasicideas . Thefinalaccount . Searleonsocialinstitutions . Socialorganizationsandinstitutionalsocialpractices . Conclusion Appendix:Institutionconceptsasreflexiveconcepts Socialpracticesinadynamiccontext:amathematical analysis . Introduction . Preconditionsofsocialpractices . Statesandsentences . Frames . Socialpracticesmathematicallyanalyzed . Towardsasocialdynamics . Theindividuallevel . Anexampleofasocialpractice . Socialnorms,task-rightsystems,andsocialinstitutions . Conclusion Epilogue Notes References Index Figures Collectivesocialaction page Patternofasocialpractice Flowchartofsocialdynamics Developedflowchartofsocialdynamics Socialinstitutionmodel Normativelyadmittedpractices ix
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