The Philosophy of Psychology

416 Pages·1996·10.318 MB·English

by  William T. O′Donohue (editor), Richard Kitchener (editor)

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editebdy
William
O'Donohue
and
RichaFr.d
I(itchener
THE PHILOOSPHY
OF PSYCHOLOGY
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CopyrhigteMda terial
THE PHILOSOPHY
OF PSYCHOLOGY
EDITEDB Y
WILLIAMO 'DONOHUEA ND
RICHARDF .K ITCHENER
SAGEP ublications
London• ThousaOnadk s• New Delhi
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Chapt1e3©r M arHk. B ickh1a99r6d 1996
Chapt1e4©r C .A. Hooker 1996
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CONTENTS
Preface viii
TheC ontributors x
Introduction xiii
1 EPISTEMOLOGY,P SYCHOLOGY OF SCIENCE, 1
AND THE FOUNDATIONSO F PSYCHOLOGY
1 Naturalainsdmt he HarveSyi egel 4
AbandonmeonfNto rmativity
2 PsycholoNgayt,u ralized HarolId.B rown 19
EpistemolaongdRy a,t ionality
3 SociEapli stemolaongdy StevFeu ller 33
Psychology
4 PsycholoogfSy c ience MichaeEl.G orman 50
5 GenetEipci stemolaongdy RichaFr.dK itchener 66
CognitPisvyec hology
ofS cience
2 BEHAVIORISMP,S YCHOLOGY,A ND PHILOSOPHY 79
6 BehavioraissO mp position MaxH ocutt 81
toC artesianism
7 QuineB'esh aviorism RogeFr. G ibson 96
8 SkinneTrh'eso royfT heoriesR ichaFr.dK itchener 108
9 LinguisBteihca vioraissa m UlliTn.P lace 126
PhilosoopfhE ym piriSccaile nce
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vi CONTENTS
10 SkinneCra'ssef or RichaGradr rett 141
Radical Behaviorism
11 MustB ehaviBoerM echanistJiocs?e pFh.R ychlak 149
ModeliNnogn machines
3 COGNITIVES CIENCEA ND PSYCHOLOGY 157
12 ComputatiTohneaolr ies HerbeAr.tS imon 160
ofC ognition
13 Troublweist h MarkH .B ickhard 173
Computationalism
14 TowaradN aturaliCzoegdn itiCv.eA .H ooker 184
SciencAe F:r amewofrokr
Cooperant BieotweePnh ilosophy
andt heN aturSacli encoefs
IntelliSgyesntte ms
15 NeurobehavSicoireanlc e, Karl H.P ribram 207
Neuropsychoalnodtg hye
PhilosoopfhM yi nd
16 TypicEamlo tions AaroBne n-Zeev' 227
17 "FolPks ycholoagnyd"I ts
ImplicatfioorPn ssy chologSicciaeln ce
Introduction UlliTn.P lace 243
TheF alsiotfFy o lkT heorieNsi:c kC hater 244
ImplicatfioorPns sy chologMyi keO aksford
andP hilosophy
DoesS cienUcned erwrite BarrCy. S mith 256
OurF olPks ychology?
FolPks ycholforgoym t he UlliTn.P lace 264
StandpooifnC otn ceptual
Analysis
On theN ecessaSruyr vivalG rahaRmi chards 270
ofF olPks ychology
FolPks ycholaongdyI ts ElizabRe.tV ha lentine 275
ImplicatfioorCn osg nitive
Science: Discussion
4 CLINICALP SYCHOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY 279
18 IsP sychoanalVyisaibsl e? AdolGfr iinbaum 281
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CONTENTS vii
19 TheV aluoef P sychoanalytEidcw arEdr win 291
TherapAy Q:u estion
ofS tandards
20 WhatI sa nI rratiBoenlaile f? WilliOa'mD onohue 304
Rational-EmTohteirvaepa yn d JasoSn.V ass
AccounotfsR ationality
5 ETHICSA ND PSYCHOLOGY 317
21 TheF ormatiaonnd HughL acey 319
TransformaotfVi aolnu es BarrSyc hwartz
22 Prescripftoiro ns JosepAhg assi 339
ResponsiPbslyec hiatry
23 TheB ehaviTohre rapists' JonR ingen 352
DilemmaR:e flectoino ns
AutonomIyn,f ormCeodn sent,
andS cientPisfyicch ology
24 ProfessiCoondaelos f E thics KareSnt rohKmi tchener 361
andO ngoinMgo raPlr oblems
inP sychology
25 A CritEixcaamli natoifot nh e WilliOa'mD onohue 371
EthicParli nciopfle s RichaMradn gold
PsychologainsdCt osd e
ofC onduct
Index 381
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PREAFCE
Asb otphs ycholaonpgdhi issltoosp hkenrosw , thWei tthh rei osfen ataulriesptiisct emiontl hoeg y
fielodfsp s ychoalnopdg hyis loophhayr delvye r' 60tshq,eu esotfitohne rbeeltawteieonn sp sychol­
stasntdi( alllt hboeucgahou,fst eh eniart uarneds ogy and ephiasvtbeee memonul codhgi ys cussed
sujbecmta ttperhsis,lo ophtye ntdosb es lhitglyt ypiciantl hcleoy n toef"x nta tluirseatpiics temol­
morfiex etdh apns ychoHliotsgoiyrc)a.tl hlreye ,l a­ogyI.nt" h airse tahi,en tsecriidnpialrreyl ation has
tiboent wteheents wefio e lhdasrs a rbeeleoynn oef usuarlulfnory m p sychotloeo pgiys tem(oalnodg y
peauclec foexisOtreingcieun.na dleilrfyef ntiantoettdh o et hwearya rou.nP da)rIct o ntsaeivnesr al
ina ntiqpusiytcygh,yow laosab ranocfph h ilosdoi­scusstihoernsesel aotbfie otnwpses eync hology
phyu nitlre cent Otnichema evsi.n g sietcsu arnedp dh ilpohsyio,np artictuhaleua tro,n omy of
indepenhdoewnecvieebt,er c,a me jraealtoohufes r e pistemtohrleeo vlgaeyn,oc fpe s ychoalnotdgh ye
itnse -wfouanudt onaonmidyn s stitehda t its ceonmgiptisircv­iee fnocerep si stemaonlpdo hgiyl oso­
icsatla steupsa riafrtto emad r m-cphhaiilro sopphhoyyf .s cieanncde p,ts hyeco hgooylf s ciePnacret.
Asw ep oionutti no urI notdructtihoiansl, l It hurse prewsheahntta tssr atdiionbaeleclnay l led
chanwgietdthh C eo gniRteivvoel uNtoiwbo,on t.h "fouinodnatails"si unep ss ycohgoyal nd philoso­
feilsdese wmi lltiocn ogn ctehdoeet hhearss o me­phyP.a r2it dse vottose udc fhou ndatiisonsaule s
thitnoog ff re( although preciishsa esl iynt hwceho antto eftwx hhtaa htta s beeonft homeno es t
alwabyeses nuj betcodt i spute). impor"traenste parroacgmhrm eis"np sychology
Beitnrga iinnbe odt h psychology anapdnh di slopophihintyl ho2es0 otc­he ntubreyh-aviorism.
phyb,o tahu thhoarvsae l watyhso uognhceto uldH erteh,le i noefis n flubeentcwepe esny chology
noste patrhaet efit ewlo(d esx cfeopartd minisatnrpdah ­oislopghoby o th Awlatyhso.mu agnhiy n di­
tipvuepr oseasn)d, thasth otubhleedcy oe mvee n vidubaellsit ehveaerr ene ol ongaeniryn teresting
moroep eann rde cepttoti hcveoe n triobftu htei oonru nsreolviesds useusr roupnhdiiolnpgoh sical
othOefrc .o urwsehe a,v neoa tl waaygrse eodnt he behaviaonrdpi ssymc hologicalw eb ehaviorism,
precrieslena tbieotpwseyecnh oalnopdgh yi losdoi­gsraee.c oTnhter ibcuotnitoaininstn hesides c ­
phyb uwte h avaeg reedt htichsonan etc tiiso nt iiolnt lruasctoen,t troat rhwyii sds epreaasds ump­
broatdheatrne xtbaonoadkn sto hgoilientsh fiee ldt iotnhm,ea nwya yisnw hipchhi losoipshsiuceasl
indicate. surroubnedhianvgi coornitsitmnob u eoe fp eren­
Althotuhgehr e are sevaenrotalhlo ­nvieiarslys ugeo.o d
gieisnt hfei eolf"d P hsiolpoahnyPd sychologTyh,es" t aotfuc so gniptsiyvceh oalnodcg oyg ni­
mosotft hem, weixtche pftceiewno otnnesi r,s suetsi vsec ientchete h iesmo efP ar3t.A lthotuhgeh
relattoeC do gniPtsiyvceh oalnodCg oyg nititvhee omfe' phiplhoisicosasliu nte hsce o gnistciiv­e
ScienAclet.h osuegchu rai cnegn tprlaalfc ore encecso'n titnobu eed si scuisnas p eeldt hoorfa
theisnet eridniasrrceyil paltwieoa nlssb,oe lievnee wj uornaalnsbd ooktshc,eo ntiroibnousfot ur
theayr e somberwohaaadnteid rn corpsoervaetreaa lu thaorrneso wt i thooruitg iannamdle irtOiynt c.e
othaerre aCso.n sequweenh talvyte,r iteobd e agawienh ,a veen coudr aaguethorvsa rfrioemt ya
morsew eepiinon ugsr eclteioofnc ontiroinbsuot fp oinotfvs i eawn da pparcohetso address
antd os trtehsresa tuhnelri mwiatyeisdnw hichs electedo fca osnpteecmtpsco organriypt siyv­e
psychoalnodpg hyoi slopahryre e lattoee adc h choloTghryee. a dweinrlo lt ient heesseys saab i-
other.
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PREFACE ix
direcitnifolnuabelen tcwepe seync hoalnopdgh yi ­varioefct oyn bturtiitooqn use stsiuornrso unding
losophy. thqeu esotfiv oanl uinep ss ychotlhonega yt,uo rfe
Int hpea stth,eh raevb ee eanlt lo foe wd iscurse­sponsainabdui tlointaoynm idys ,s oufeopsefr s­
sioonfts h ceo nnecbteitownpesse ync hoalnodg syi oentahlic coanldi untc htce o ntoefpx sty clhoog ­
philosiontp h"hesy o fter"i npa atrriecauscl,la irn,i­ cparlta icce.
ical psayncrdhe ollafiotegelyhdd a sv e ubnedeenr ­Alolft hceo ntiroinbtusott hviosl umeor airgei­
repsreentienmd o stte xtbaonodk sa nthionl ongailne;os nh ea vbee epnr eviopuusbllyi Osuhre d.
thpeh ilosoppshyyc hoo(flH oegryie.ps, h iilto stoh­antkots ha eu thfoorrt sh epiart ience and under­
phwyh iscehe tmohs a vhea add ominraonlPtea .r)t s tandaisn gpw reo ceededt htleho rnaognu dg h
4,t hereifsdo erveo,t pehd iltoos oipshsiiucnea stl e diporuosco efss oscl iitmianngu sscr,re ivpitew­
clinpiscyaclh oelsopgeyc,pi saylcnlhayol ayasnids i nagn d evatlhueasmtee,ilc ntgai nnsdgu ggesting
ratieomnoatlti hveer. Wa eph yahdo pedi ntcol udcehn ageest,c O.u rt hanaklsst oot woo utside
morceo ntriibunt stiehocintssbi uoatnl w,ae sw ere reviewersH-oGweaorrdg e (UnoifNv oterres ity
nota blteos ecuprhleio sopdhiisccauls sioDnasm ea)on fAdr thHuoru (tMse mphSitsaU tnei ver­
othaesrp eocftt hsse o ftaerre Paasry.tt hliirsse m­sitwyh)oc, a ruelfrleya tdhe en tmiarneu scarnidp t
ediiendP ar5t,w hicihsc oncewrnietdeh t hicgarlia ocusolffeyr eedx tenssuigvsgete iofnosr
issiunep ssy chologyt.h oeWt hhseeerrce taiso inmsp,re omvenTth.a naklss tooZ iyaMda raarn d
by alnadrw geer,ce o ncewrnietedhp istemolSohgaircCoaanlw oaotSd a ge.
anmde taphiysssuiecspa sliy nc hohleormgeoy r,a l Biwlolu llidtk oae c knowhleifdsmag ielJ ya,n e
phiolpohsayn edt h1i0c0slm a r.Og uere xperieanncKdea taineDd,i cwko ullidtk oae c knloewdhgies
habse en tthheiasstes huaevnseo b te ewni dedliys ­fmailKya,r eann dB riafnotr,h euinrd erstanding
cussbeypd h iolpohsearnpsds ychologtihsitsas n.sd u Bpupatos r tbw oets hp emnotrt ei maew afyor m
isper cisoenley ceanrteraa lwp hheirleo sopohuifrcma aillt iheawsne h aadn ryi ghBtu attsa o l.w ays
isssueeseu mn avoiPdaarb5tl t eh.uc sno tainst haew ye ruen derstaannsddu ipntpgio rve.
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