The Philosophical Works of AJ Ayer

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The Philosophical Works of
A. J. Ayer
1930 Review of The Art of Thinking by Dimnet, in Oxford Outlook.
1933 'Atomic Propositions', Analysis, vol. 1, no. I, pp. 2-6.
1934 'The Genesis of Metaphysics', Analysis, vol. I, no. 4, pp.
55-8, repr. in M. Macdonald (ed.), Philosophy and Analysis.
'On Particulars and Universals', Proceedings of the Aristote
lian Society, vol. XXXIV, pp. 51-62.
'Demonstration of the Impossibility of Metaphysics', Mind,
vol. XLIII, no. 171, pp. 335-45, repr. in P. Edwards and
A. Pap (eds), A Modern Introduction to Philosophy (Glencoe,
Illinois Free Press; London: George Allen and Unwin, 1957).
1935 'Internal Relations', Supplementary Proceedings of the Aristo
telian Society, vol. XIV, pp. 173-85.
'The Criterion of Truth', Analysis, vol. 3, nos I and 2,
pp. 28-32.
'The Analytic Movement in Contemporary British Philos
ophy', in Histoire de Ia logique et de Ia philosophie scienti.fique
(Paris: Hermann).
1936 Language, Truth and Logic (London: Gollancz).
'The Principle of Verifiability, Mind, vol. XLV, no. 178, pp.
199-203.
'Concerning the Negation of Empirical Propositions',
Erkenntnis, vol. 6, pp. 260--3.
'Truth by Convention', Analysis, vol. 4, nos 2 and 3, pp.
17-22.
'Freedom of the Will', The Aryan Path.
Reviews of M. M. Lewis, Infant Speech; R. Aaron and A.
Jocelyn Gibbs (eds), An Early Draft of Locke"s Essay; Alfred
Noyce, Voltaire; all in the Spectator.
1937 'Verification and Experience', Proceedings of the Aristotelian
Society, vol. XXXVII, pp. 137-56.
'Does Philosophy Analyse Common Sense?', Supplementary
Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, vol. XVI, pp. 162-76.
Review of 'Die Sogennanten Definitionen durch Abstraction'
by H. Scholtz and H. Schweitzen, in Mind, vol. XLVI, no.
182, pp. 244-7.
Bibliography 335
1938 'On the Scope of Empirical Knowledge: A Rejoinder to
Bertrand Russell', Erkenntnis, vol. 7, pp. 267~74.
1940 The Foundations ofE mpirical Knowledge (London: Macmillan).
1944 'The Concept of Freedom', Horizon, vol. 9, no. 52, pp.
228~37.
1945 'The Terminology of Sense-Data', Mind, vol. LIV, no. 216,
pp. 289~312, (repr. in Philosophical Essays, 1954).
'Jean Paul Sartre', Horizon, vol. 12, no. 67, pp. 12~26.
'Deistic Fallacies', Polemic, no. 1.
'Secret Session' (on J.-P. Sartre), Polemic, no. 2, pp. 60~3.
1946 'Freedom and Necessity', Polemic, no. 5, pp. 36~44. (repr.
in Philosophical Essays, 1954).
'Other Minds', Supplementary Proceedings of the Aristotelian
Society, vol. xx, pp. 188~97.
'Contemporary British Philosophers', the Listener.
'Albert Camus', Horizon, vol. 13, no. 75, pp. 155~68.
1947 'The Claims of Philosophy', in Polemic, no. 7, pp. 18~33.
and Reflections on Our Age (Unesco).
'Phenomenalism', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, vol.
XLVII, pp. 163~96, (repr. in Philosophical Essays, 1954).
Thinking and Meaning, University College London Inaugural
Lecture (Athlone Press).
1948 'The Principle of Utility' in G. W. Keeton and G. Schwarzen
berger (eds), Jeremy Bentham and the Law (repr. in Philosophi
cal essays, 1954).
'Portrait of a Victorian Liberal: J. S. Mill', the Listener.
'Science and Philosophy', the Listener.
'Some Aspects of Existentialism', Rationalist Annual.
'Discussion: Philosophy without Science', Philosophy, vol.
23, no. 84, pp. 65~6.
'What Can Logic Do for Philosophy', Supplementary Pro
ceedings of the Aristotelian Society, vol. XXII, pp. 167~ 78.
1949 'On the Analysis of Moral Judgements', Horizon, vol. 20,
no. 117, pp. 171~84.
'Mr. Koestler's New System', the New Statesman.
'Uber die Gedankenfreiheit', Der Monat.
'Ockham's Razor and Modern Philosophy', the Listener.
'There is no Mystery', the Listener.
1950 'Basic Propositions' in M. Black (ed.), Philosophical Analysis
(Ithaca: Cornell University Press; repr. in Philosophical
Essays, 1954), pp. 60~75.
'J.-P. Sartre's Definition of Liberty', the Listener.
'Religion and the Intellectual', Partisan Revue.
1951 'Statements About the Past', Proceedings of the Aristotelian
336 Perception and Identity
Society, vol. LII, pp. i-xx (repr. in Philosophical Essays,
1954).
'On What There Is', Supplementary Proceedings of the Aristo
telian Society, vol. xxv, pp. 137-48 (repr. in Philosophical
Essays, 1954).
'The Physical Basis of Mind', BBC talks (Oxford: Basil
Blackwell).
'The Philosophy of Science', in A. Heath ( ed. ), Scientific
Thought in the 20th Century.
1952 British Empirical Philosophers, ed. with R. Winch (London:
Routledge and Kegan Paul).
'Individuals', Mind, vol. LXI, no. 244, pp. 441-57 (repr. in
Philosophical Essays, 1954).
'Negation', Journal of Philosophy, vol. 49, no. 26, pp. 797-815
(repr. in Philosophical Essays, 1954).
1953 'Cogito Ergo Sum', Analysis, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 27-31.
'To See the World Rightly', 20th Century.
'The Identity of Indiscernib.les', Proceedings of XIth Inter
national Congress of Philosophy, vol. III, pp. 124-9 (North
Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdam; repr. in Philosophical Essays,
1954.
'L'Immutabilite du Passe', Etudes Philosophiques, no. 1, pp.
6-15.
'One's Knowledge of Other Minds', Theoria, vol. XIX, pp.
1-20 (repr. in Philosophical Essays, 1954).
'Truth', Revue internationale de philosophie, vol. 7, pp.
183-200 (repr. in The Concept of a Person and Other Essays,
1963).
1954 Philosophical Essays (London: Macmillan).
'Discussion of: "Sur la preuve en philosophie" ', Revue inter
nationale de philosophie, vol. 8, pp. 92-105, pp. 158-69.
'Can There be a Private Language', Supplementary Proceedings
of the Aristotelian Society, vol. XXVIII, pp. 63-76, (repr. in
The Concept of a Person, 1963).
'Beyond the Pleasure Principle', Encounter.
1955 'What is Communication', Studies in Communic&tion, vol.
I (London: Seeker and War burg).
'Philosophy at Absolute Zero', Encounter and Jamtid Ock
Framted.
1956 'What is a Law of Nature', Revue internationale de philosophie
vol. 10, pp. 144-65 (repr. in The Concept of a Person, 1963).
'The Vienna Circle', BBC Series: The Revolution in Philosophy
(London: Macmillan).
'Philosophical Scepticism' in H. D. Lewis (ed.), Contemporary
Bibliography 337
British Philosophy (London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.).
'The Philosophy of Bertrand Russell', the Observer.
'Mr. Wilson's Outsider', Encounter.
'Le Memoire expose', Bulletin de Ia societe francaise de philos
ophie (Paris).
The Problem of Knowledge (London: Macmillan; USA: St
Martin's Press; UK Penguin Books).
1957 'In Defense of Reason', Encounter.
Reviews of: G. H. Von Wright, R. Rhees, G. E. M. Ans
combe, Ludwig Wittenstein: Remarks on the Foundations of
Mathematics; A. Wood, Bertrand Russell: The Passionate
Sceptic; Colin Wilson, Religion and the Rebel, in the Spec
tator.
'Perception', C. A. Mace (ed.), British Philosophy in the Mid-
Century (Allen and Unwin). ·
'Logical Positivism', debate with Father Copleston in P.
Edwards and A. Pap (eds), A Modern Introduction to Philos
ophy (London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd).
'The Concept of Probability as a Logical Relation' in S.
Korner (ed.), Observation and Interpretation, Proceeding of
9th Symposium of Colston Research Society (New York:
Dover).
1958 'Meaning and Intentionality', Proceedings of Xllth Congress
of Philosophy, vol. r, pp. 141-55 (Sansoni Editore: Firenze).
'Philosophie et langage ordinaire', Dialectica.
Biographies of Ernst Mach and Moritz Schlick, in Encyclo
pedia Brittanica.
Reviews in the Spectator of G. J. Warnock English Philosophy
Since 1900; Ludwig Wittgenstein, The Blue and Brown Books;
and Norman Malcolm, Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Memoir
1959 Logical Positivism, ed. A. J. Ayer (Glencoe, Illinois: Free
Press; London: Allen and Unwin).
'Privacy', British Academy Henriette Hertz Trust Lecture
(Oxford: University Press; repr. in The Concept of a Person,
1963).
'Critical Notice of P. F. Strawson's Individuals', Indian Jour
nal of Philosophy.
'Phenomenology and Linguistic Analysis', Supplementary
Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, vol. xxxnr, pp. 111-24.
Reviews in the Spectator of K. Popper The Logic of Scientific
Discovery; Bertrand Russell, My Philosophical Development;
Stuart Hampshire, Thought and Action; Ernest Gellner,
Words and Thin~s.
1960 'The Philosophy of Bertrand Russell' in Concise Encyclopedia
338 Perception and Identity
of Philosophy and Philosophers (London: Rain bird McLean
Ltd).
'Philosophy and Language', Oxford University Inaugural Lec
ture (Oxford University Press).
'Professor Malcolm on Dreams', Journal of Philosophy, vol.
LVII, no. 16, pp. 517-35 (repr. in Metaphysics and Common
Sense).
1961 'The Concept of a Person', Royal Institute of Philosophy
Lecture (repr. in The Concept of a Person, 1963).
'Reply to Mr. Stigen on Problem of Knowledge', Inquiry,
vol. 4, pp. 291-304.
'Rejoinder to Professor Malcolm', Journal of Philosophy,
vol. LXIII, no. 11, pp. 297-9.
Review in Encounter of P. Thody, J.-P. Sartre. Review in
Scientific American of E. Nagel, The Structure of Science.
'On the Probability of Particular Events' in Revue internationale
de philosophie vol. 15, pp. 336-75 (repr. in The Concept
of a Person, 1963).
1962 'Breaching the Dialectical Curtain - Philosophy in Russia',
Observer.
'A History of Logic. The Ghost Revives', the New Statesman.
1963 'Impressions of Contemporary Russian Philosophy',
Willesden Public Library, lectured and taped.
'The Philosophy of Bertrand Russell', Into the lOth Decade
(London: Allen and Unwin).
'Carnap's Treatment of Other Minds' in A. Schilpp (ed.)
The Philosophy of Rudolph Carnap (Evan ton, Illinois, USA:
Northwestern University Press).
'Brain, Mind and Memory', the Sunday Times.
'Philosophy and Science' Ratio, vol. v, no. 2, pp. 156-67
(first published in Russian translation in Voprosy Filosofi
1962 and repr. in Metaphysics and Common Sense, 1969).
'Professor Popper's Work in Progress', the New Statesman.
'The Legacy of Hume', the New Statesman.
The Concept of a Person and Other Essays (London: Macmil
lan; USA: St Martin's Press).
1964 'On Making Philosophy Intelligible', British Association
Granada Television Lecture, published in Communication in
the Modern World (published by Granada Television) (repr.
in Metaphysics and Common Sense).
'Reply to Mr. Getier on Personal Identity' (USA: Wayne
State University).
'Freedom and Happiness', the New Statesman.
Bibliography 339
'Man as a Subject for Science', Auguste Contte Memorial
Lecture, (University of London Athlone Press) (repr. in Meta
physics and common Sense, 1969).
'Knowledge, Belief and Evidence', Festschrift for Professor
Jorgensen, published in Danish Philosophical Yearbook vol.
1 (Copenhagen: Munksgaard) (repr. in Metaphysics and Com
mon Sense, 1969).
1965 Review in Mind, val. LXXV, no. 299, pp. 444-7, On the
Nature of Meanings, by N. E. Christensen.
Review of E. Gellner, Thought and Change, in the Sunday
Times.
'Chance', Scientific American (October), val. 213, no. 4 (repr.
in Metaphysics and Common Sense, 1969).
1966 'Humanism and Reform', Encounter.
'What I Believe' in What I Believe (London: Allen and Un
win).
'The Relevance of Humanism: An Inquiry into Humanism'
(BBC publications).
'Philosophy and Politics', Eleanor Rathbone Memorial Lec
ture (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press) (repr. in Meta
physics and Common Sense, 1969).
'Metaphysics and Common Sense' in W. Kennick and Morris
Lazerowitz (eds), Metaphysics (USA: Prentice Hall) (repr.
in Metaphysics and Common Sense, 1969).
Rev-iew of P. B. Medawar, Scientific Thought: The Art of
the Soluble, in the New Statesman.
1967 'Reflections on Existentialism', Presidental Address to
Modern Languages Association, published in Modern Lan
guages, val. XLVIII, no. 1 (repr. in Metaphysics and Common
Sense, 1969).
Review of The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell 1872-1914
in Encounter.
'Has Austin Refuted the Sense Datum Theory?', Synthese,
val. xvm, pp. 117-40 (repr. in Metaphysics and Common
Sense, 1969).
'Induction and the Calculus of Probabilities', Entretiens de
Liege.
1968 'Philosophy and Scientific Method', given to Philosophical
Congress in Vienna.
'On what There Is', Proceedings of the Israel Academy of
Sciences and Humanities (repr. as On What Must There Be?
in Metaphysics and Common Sense, 1969).
'G. E. Moore on Propositions and Facts', in M. Lazerowitz
340 Perception and Identity
and A. Ambrose (eds), G. E. Moore: Essays in Retrospect
(London: Allen and Unwin).
The Orlgins of Pragmatism (London: Macmillan and Co.;
San Francisco: Freeman, Cooper and Co.).
Review of The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, vol. II,
in the Spectator.
Review of D. Armstrong, Mind and Matter. A Materialist
Theory of Mind, in the New Statesman.
Review of Correspondence of Jeremy Bentham vol. 1,
1752-1776, vol. II, 1777-1780, ed. by T. L. S. Sprigge, in
the Observer.
Review of J.-P. Sartre, Anti-Semite and Jew, tr. by G. J.
Becher, and Paul Nizan, Aden-Arabie, in the Spectator. The
Humanist Outlook, ed. and introduced by A. J. Ayer (Lon
don: Pemberton Books).
1969 'An Honest Ghost', Festschrift in honour of Professor Gilbert
Ryle.
'Qu' est'ce que la Communication?', Revue internationale
de philosophie, vol. 23, pp. 385-403.
Metaphysics and Common Sense (London: Macmillan; San
Francisco: Freeman, Cooper and Co.).
1970 'Has Harrod Answered Hume', Festschrift in honour of Sir
Roy Harrod in Induction, Growth and Trade (Oxford: Oxford
University Press).
'Pragmatism and Logic', Times Literary Supplement.
1971 Russell and Moore: The Analytical Heritage (London: Mac
millan; USA: Harvard University Press; 1970 William James
Lectures at Harvard University).
'Le Pro b1eme de la confirmation, Revue internationale de philos
ophie, vol. 25, pp. 1-31.
Contribution to 'Conversations with Philosophers', published
in Modern British Philosophy (London: Seeker and Warb urg).
Contribution to 'Profiles and Discussion', published in
Reflexive Water (London: Souvenir Press) ed. by Fons Elders.
1972 Probability and Evidence (London: Macmillan; Columbia
University Press, USA, John Dewey Lectures for 1970 at
Columbia University).
Bertrand Russell (London: Fontana; USA: Viking Press).
'Bertrand Russell', article in the Evening Standard.
'Russell as a Philosopher', British Academy Lecture.
1973 'Wittgenstein on Certainty', Royal Institute of Philosophy
Lecture, published in Understanding Wittgenstein, pp. 226-45
(London: Macmillan Press, 197 4).
Bibliography 341
'Dummett on Frege', Rev1ew of M. Dummett's Frege: Philos
ophy of Language in the Listener.
'Reflections on the Varna Congress', I.I.P. Proceedings.
The Central Questions of Philosophy (London: Weidenfeld;
USA: Holt Reinhardt).
'On a Supposed Antimony', Mind, vol. LXXXII, no. 325, pp.
125-6.
'The Case for Materialism': Review of The Nature of Things
by A. M. Quinton, Encounter.
1974 'Wittgenstein, the School Master', review of W. W. Bartley,
Wittgenstein, III, in the Observer.
1975 'Self Evidence' in E. Pivcevic (ed), Phenomenology and Philo
sophical Understanding (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press).
'Identity and Reference' in Philosophia, vol. 5, no. 3, repr.
in Language in Focus, ed. A. Kasher, a volume in honour
of Y. Bar Hillel (Reidel, 1976).
Of
'Philosophy' in The Owl Minerva, edited by C. J. Bontemps
and S. J. Odell, (USA: McGraw-Hill).
1977 Part of My Life (London: Collins).
'The Causal Theory of Perception', Supplementary Proceed
ings of the Aristotelian Society, vol. LI, pp. 105-26.
1978 'Introduction to William James' in W. James, Pragmatism
and Meaning of Truth (Harvard University Press, paperback
edn).
Contribution in Men of Ideas, BBC.
'Revival of Oxford Philosophy', Guardian.
1979 'Meaning and Truth', review of Truth and Enigmas by
Michael Dummett.
'Weight of Evidence', review of The Possible and The Probable
by Jonathan Cohen, Books and Bookmen.
'Geist und Korper' (Mind and Body) in Seele und Leib:
Geist und Mat erie (Berne: Peter Lang).
Forthcoming
'Analytical Philosophy', Proceedings, liP, Dusseldorf, 1978.
'Free Will and Rationality', Festschrift for Sir Peter Strawson.
Hume, (Oxford University Press).
Introduction to VI Book of John Stuart Mill's System of
Logic.
Bibliography
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--- 'Memory "Experience" and Causation' H. D. Lewis (ed.) in Contemporary
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