The Philosophical Foundations of Classical rDzogs chen in Tibet: Investigating the Distinction Between Dualistic Mind (sems) and Primordial knowing (ye shes)

368 Pages·2012·5.606 MB·English

by  David Higgins

TheP hilosophFiocuanld atioofn s
ClassircDazlo gcsh eni nT ibet
InvestigatthieDn igs tincBteitowne eDnu alisMtiincd
(sems) (ye shes)
andP rimordkinaolw ing
David Higgins
I
UNll UniversdietL ea usanne
FACULETD ES LETTRES
SECTIOND E LANGUES ET CIVILISATIOONRSI ENTALES
THEP HILOSOPHICAFLO UNDATIONSO F CLASSICARL DZOGCSHE NI N
TIBET:I NVESTIGATITNHGE D ISTINCTIOBNE TWEEND UALISTIC
MIND( SEMS)A NDP RIMORDIKANLO WING (YSEH ES)
THESE DE DOCTORAT
presenatl eae
FaculdteesJ ettres
del 'UnivedresL iatues anne
pouIr' obtendtugi roand dee
Docteeusrl ettres
par
DAVIDH IGGINS
Directdeeut rh ese
TOM J.FT.I LLEMANS
1
UNllU niversite de Lausanne
Faculte des lettl'es
IMPRIMATUR
LeD ecanadte l aF aculdtees l ettrseusr, rappodrt' une composedee :
Ie commission
auto rIi'siem pressiloant hese doctordaet
de de
MONSIEUDRA VIHDI GGINS
intitulee
TheP hilosophFiocuanld atioofnC sl assical rDziongT si becth.e n
InvestigtahteiD nigs tincbteitwone eDnu ali�ti(cse mMsai)nn dd
PrimorKdnioawli (nyges hes).
sanssep rononcseru lre osp iniodnusc andid/a td lea c andidate,
Faculte lettcroensf,o rmesmoenrn etgl eame nnte, aucumneent ion.
La des decerne
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�. � . L·..·..tv\.-lo.//l J
LausannIee,1 9j uin Fran(,;oisR osset
2012 Doyend el aF aculte
des lettres
CONTENTS
Contents
Prologue
4
SectiOonne U:n derstantdhiern Dgz ogcsh eDni stinctions
13
PaIr Bta ckground
14
1 II ntrcotdiuotnhDe:i stincatsai W oinnsd oownC lassriDczaolcg hse n
14
1T.w Por inDciiispntaclt: Si eomnsss/Yheea snK du ng zhi/sCkhuo s
14
2T.h Pel aocfteh D eit sincitnCil osanislsrc NaymianSg to eriology
20
3T.h Dei scvlePo asriadigm
23
4O.n t hOeb scOurriego itfnh sseN ytinhSgiy ges mt
26
5T.h Lei vaensWd o rokfFs o uMraj ror DzocghseF ni gures
31
6P.r evSitouudasin Sdeoc sp oePf r esWeonrtk
49
PaIrItT heP robloefKm n owledTgheeS: e mss/hYDeeis s tinction
53
2 IT heN atuarnedS copoeft hMei nd/PrimKonrodwiiaDnlig s tinction
53
1T.h Sec poeo tfh Deii sntction
53
2T.h ez orcgDhse n sNAynianlgoy Mfsti ihn(sids g e ms)
62
21.D ualism
63
2.I2g norance
65
2.R3e ification
70
3T.h reD zochgessnN ytihnAigng a loyfYse i ssa hneds RCeolnacteepdt s
74
3.r1Dz ocghseI nn teproefSte amntsyi io7dn5 s
3.r2D zcohgeInsnt erpreotRfai tpgia ao nnRdsa nrgi g
82
3.r3D zcohgeInsnt erpreotfYae t isohness
95
4C.o nclRuedmianRrgek fsr:a tmhTiewn Togr uths
107
3 ClassJiucsatli fiocfat thiMeoi nnsd /PrimKonrodwiiaDnlig s tinction
116
1W.h y Dtihisent ction?
116
2S.m oeC onseqoufNeo nDtci iesnstg uiMsihnaidnn Pdgr imoKrndoiwailn g
121
3C.r itioctfih Cseesm stsai ooifnii iinDaoc trine
123
4C.l arifaincTdar tainosncseA nrdgeunmteanlt s
129
PaIIrItT heP robloeftm h e GroTuhneKd u:gn z hi/sCkDhuio sst inction
136
4 IT heG rounidn EarrDlzyo cghse (n8 ttolh tlbc .) 136
1B.ac kground
136
2. DTiwmoe nostfih oGenr so uPnrdo blem
138
3T.h Yeo graMaco ad:eS olcpaen Ldi mitations
143
4T. owradaP rimorUdniaeafclftGlerydo uonfCd o nsceisosuss n
146
Yes hseeds' Esi gChetnht Suyrnyt ohfYe osgcirasa aT aatnhda rgbaVhtaia egwas
• 156
5C.o nceHpitsutoaofthlre Gy r ouinEnda rrlDzyo cghse n
160
5.S1to erioCloongtoietfcxh aGtelr ound
160
5.A2T ypolyoo ftgh Ger ouinenda rrlDzyo cghse n
164
()aG rouanstdh n ea touMfri en (ds enmysi ydes, h ersip,ga )
164
(b) Garsto hnuean tdou fRr eea l(dibetz yhn iyni ddek, h noa n yicdh,o s nyid)
166
(cG)r ouansBdu ddNhaat (ubrdgees hesgnsy ing pcoh,u sbbn yyaipnnogg)
169
5 Distiinsghuitnhgse N y ing Gtrhoiugno dfF reed(ogm rgozlh i)
179
1S.at goeDfsi fferetnhSteui taartniridcDzn ogcg hseG nr ounds
179
1.Id1en t:iG tyrouansCd o mmSouonr ocfSeqI asaraan d Nirva1).a
181
12.D ievgren:cC eonfliIcntptirenergt aotfKui nGo znhsi
184
13.D ifferen:cC eleaDriilsnytg uitshGheri onugn ds
188
2A.C entPrraolbD loeeEmsl: T aEnxciiysn t G Trhoeu nd?
195
21.T hRee snpsooefg NyaJgfisa nak(uh8cm teanrtau ry)
195
2.T2h Ree spooRfnosBgena dSeh ersa'b do ( 1tc2he ntury)
197
2.T3h Ree snpsooeKf l ocnhger na' bb ypaam( s1t c4he ntury)
199
3.Th seN yitnhPgirg i moGrrdoiuaannlidd t C sr itics
203
3.T1h Aeb idvienrgMs eutsa phGyrsoiucnadls
204
3.M2ib skyrdorodej 'Csr itainqrduN ey irnnaRg e sponses
209
4C.o nclRuedmian:Trg hk esz orcgDhseI ndo efFa r eedom
213
PaIrVtT heP robloeftm h Pea t:Ih mplicaotfti hoSen es mss/hYDeeis si tnction
218
6 Ir NyirnnagP atHhe remneutaincdts h e ProobfRl eecmo nciliation
218
1O.ve rv:iB erwidthgeiV neghi cles
222
2. PTrhoeb olfGer ma duianrl Niysirnmna Pg e rspective
225
3N.a taunrSdeoc poetf h e RecoPnrcoibllieamt ion
228
3.T1hE ex egeDtiimcean:lDs oicotnrSiynnatlah neNdsa irsr Uantiitvye
229
CompawIiigtshSorrn an a P aStuhm maorAfit eisss Gaap,mo p aT,os nkgh paa
• 233
3.T2hH ee rmenDeiumteinc:Isa nilto enmatlhPieaz tihn g
241
4.r NyirnnaSg to erioSlcohgei:Fmc reaosSlmto eritoAoll oegtyh eiology
245
41. TPhaeat hsE m anciPpraostcasien oCdnl eaPrriosncsge
245
4.Y2o tna rng mytas ohnDo i sci(psldioanmsS)ea t sg oeRfse finement
249
2
7 Ir Dzocghse Tnr ansformoaftt hiPeoa ntsh
251
1T.h reDz ocghseP naW tiht hPoruotg r(ebsogsdrdi umo enpd a 'i lam)
251
2W.h etrheLe a dEdnedr:s PAa Bteh yoIntRdse presentations
260
SectiTowno :T ibetTaenx tasn dT ranslations
263
1.Kl ocnhgep naS 'esmd sa nyges hesd rkyiIisa n
264
1.I1n trodRuecmtaorrkys
264
12.T ransAlR aetpitlooyQ une:s tCioonncse rnMiinnagdn Pdr imorKdnoiwailn g
269
1.S3uo rcaenCsdo nvenUtsieinodP n rse paCrliiEntdgii atli on
285
1.A3C ritEidciatoliSf eo mnds a nyges hekysid riIsa n
286
2K.l ocnhgep n'aT she gm chog m(dezxocd erpts)
296
21.I ntrodRuecmtaorrkys
296
2.T2r ansTlreaatsiuoofryt n hS:eu rpemVeeh ic(leex tcse)rp
297
2.S3uo rcaenCsdo nvenUtsieinodP n rse paErdiiTntegex dt
311
2.E4d iTteeoxdftT h egm chomgd zXoId V( excerpts)
312
3'.iJ gmse gdl ipn'agYso n t amnd zodXIIw.9i-Yt1oh3tn a rng mytas 'hCsoo mmentary
323
3.I1n trodRuecmtaorrkys
323
3.T2r ansTlreaatusyiro ofQn u:a liXtII.i9es-w 2iCt3oh m men(teaxrcye rpts)
323
3.S3uo rcaenCsdo nvenUtsieiodPnn rse pEardiintge d Text
331
3.E4d iTteeoxdftY o n t amnd zXoIId. 9-a1nC3d o mmentary
331
Bbiloigarphayn Adb bervaiitons
337
Index
356
3
IP rologue
"Thdei stibnecttwmieioenanndn p dr imoknrodwiianlg
Sohubledu nderbsytt hoowoshdeao r wesi e."
PeaGralr lTaanndt ra
(Mut ipgh ernbga )
Althotuhpgeah t shtr eae dedhsea cvwei etssneads urogfe riensbttoeh,tp oprua lnad
aacdem,ii ntc hsey nctrieTcti ibsettraand kintoiwoannsr Dzogcsh e(n"r GePaeter cftni",o)
thehraebs e en tlodi attitenlt ehw eay o fc riatli csotfiu tdpsyh o ioslphailfc oudnatioorn s
keyd orcitndaelv elnot.psAm! ne otewocrsateih npy o niti st haebs enocfae n sy yesmtatic
appraailos fr Nyirnnag( "AncOinee"ns)tv ieownst hnea tuorfme i ntdh atatrec st heir
evuotliaonncd m oplerxe latiswo intshh iIpCnidtitaanmM aatdrhaaym,a kPar,aa ml).aavda,
anVdaj aryavniawe sr.N yirnnacg o ntritbotu htuein odnesr stoafhn udmiacnnnog s cieosuss n
meriatt tenntoioton nlb ye ucsaoef t heiinrt riinntseiarcne rdse tla envcteoc otnemoprray
phlioosphioefms i nbdu atsl oa,n mdo sitm portbaenctaluys,pe r otvhaienidy ne d isapbelen s
ketyou ndsetnraditnihgts r ad'icstmo ipolnseyxs toeftm hso uagnhpdtar cteiA.cs a t entative
stteopa wrda tl eadsetf itnhipena gr amoetfte hcrirssiu acblu nte glefciteoelfidd n qu,ti hrey
flolowwiornkgi nsvtetiegtsah nea tuarnesd i gnifoiftc hadenit csien cbteitownde ueanl istic
min(ds emasn)pd r imolkr ndoiwai(nysgeh e,as l)ownigtt hhr ee tleaddi isntctbieotnw een
thael rlo-ug(nkdug nzi ha)n ddh arma(kcahysoauks ,)a st hseed evelwoiptehtdih Tnei betan
1T hceu rrlecankot fc riteincgaalg ewmietnhts utebhcjmetat toefrr Dzocghse- onf ak inadn cda libhraes one
comteoe xpiencc to ntemBpuodrdaehrpiyi sstlt oegfmroyoe xam-pclaen ,o ftaendndo egsi,tv heie m epsrstihoant
phisloopchail rcilgaoarunirsdt,y y s temaartseiip cmlilyta yc kiinon,rhg a vbee eanv oibdyre,Nd y irnnatg h inIk ers.
catnh ionftkh rreeea sfootnrhss mi iosnccepItt)ih orene :l atrievcdeeelnvtye loopfrm Neynirntna sg td uie2s)t; h e
enduring sterWeeosttayenprTden i ebt(aasnmc ohnoglo afrr Nsy)irn nag( Ancieanntan )t oinmaisat nr adition
pursbuywe id-l edysehda man-amvyestrtossi cech sro slhraiapt,id oionsuacrlas ned taenxlatyusiainclso nttrota hset
morseo rb-eminrdaetdi oinniacnllelgdyS arnra( Newsh)co rl-acl(eorwnih cissc ehDe a lt2o0n0 12)2:;3 )t he
challenantguirnegt ou( nbdoetrhs tanadpn rdaxiinosgfr) N yirnnavg i eowfms i nvdia. s--vtihpser eivlaiAnnggo l­
Amecrainr epernetosantiaisletp istetmhoaultno dgeyr mluiceohsf t hree cewnotro kn B uddhitshteeo sor fi
knoewdlgTeh.te h icrodnd seiraitsoi fop na rtirceulleavhrae nracesIe w ialrlg tuhear tN yirnnaga ttetmopt s
arctuitleta hceo ndiftroit ohpeno ss lsiiotbfnyi o ndpurailm okrndoiwa(yilens gh else)td h eimni, n terweasytsi,n g
toa bansduobnj ejccette /poibsltoegmrioeeasal,si w setla lsa tn-iriesaitlna, m annceorm partaoab tltee bmypt s
HedieggMeerr,l eaua-nPWdoi ntttyg etnoos vteericmnoe mdteii aoenpails ltoegmiionWe ess tpehrinl osophy.
4
rDzocghset nr adbiettiwotenhe 8ethn a n1dt 4che ntsuI.rn ti aekisnygn oavp iteiowcft ehse
phiolpohsidceavle lot,psm myea nihm abse etnot ratchece o enpctugaelna elogoifte hse
diisntctainoednx sa mhionwet hewye rseh apbeyad,n rde ipcraolcslhyp aedt,hs ec haosltic
andc notemplmaitliivieenu w xh ich etmheeerydg F.r omt heoirri gaisns sip ritual
insttirou(ncmsan ng atgr)a nsmbiyet ratl,emy dos tIlnyd imaanes rtosf RtohyelDa ynastic
Peri(o16d-09 1)02t,h rotuhgedhie rf eanncader ticuwliatthwiiiondcn en ort eoxftB su dhdist
dorcitnaen dst oeirolobgysy c hroa-ldaepotfts h e PoefrM ioonda sHteigcen myo( 2149-
1075t)h,de i stinecmteiraogsfne os r maetlievmeeo nfrt Dsz ogst hcehoaernnpyd r iasx.
Asa w okr ofp hoislpoilci anterpraentrdae tcsiotonrtnui ,com nyi nevsitgtaiohna s
beegnu idbeyd n au mboefpr e rtiqnuseetnistoW: hn yd irdD zgos cwhreeinrt s tfhr1eot2m h
century cooninwdsaterhrsde e ms/yaen kdsu hgnez sh i/chdosist tisinkcosunoc s r iulacf or
undtearnsdtihnregDz ogcsh epna tahn Bdu ddshtsi oetrlioogiyng eneWrhaalat?nt edceent
Buddhdiosrctit nceosn tritbotu hdteie sdt inacnhtdoi owwn esrt eh eyt uir(nnr) ei nterpreted
inl igohftt hm e?W hereliatnyh peo wearn adt traocftt hiueon nd erlcyoinnstgti eoolnfl a
guidiidne/gdai esalyses h,er sipga c,h ossk, ub yacnhgu kybis em,gs zih thastoi nspired
- -
schrop/lraactist?Wi hoanwtea rst hree latiboentswhetiehpsne e i defeorsc easn dt he
3
cotnemplpartcaiteviseac nedx periweintwchhe istc hhe y iwneerxet rcinocneacbtleyId n?
adrdseisnsgu cqhu esnt,smi yoo bjechtaibsve een no otn ltyoe lucties dmoae ofi dtehaes
thwaetr cee nttrota hclel acsasslNi yitnhgsi sygt ebmua tl tsoob rings hriapnetfcroo u tsh e
2T hteh rpeeer iroeedfrsrt eoid nt hsti hieassr teh Reo yDayln aPsetri(ic16o -0d19 )0T,h Pee roifoF dr agmentation
(19-01429a)n,td h Pee roifoM do nasHteigce m(o1n42y91 -075T)h.ii sasp ardeodw vne rsiopne rdoiifoz tahtei on
scheme pbryCo upeov2sa0es0dI 6s o.m etuism'ee" sscsc liaawli"tr hef erteotn hPceree i oofMd o nasHteigce mony.
3D etermaig neinnergte ilca tiboentswBheuiedpnd hiidseatan spd r actiisfca freor sm u npbrelomtaiacsr, e cent
debaotnte hssii suess uggFeosartd .ee fncoeft hvei etwh aaltcl e ntBrudadlh miestta phvyiseidwcesar lfri ovme
meditparxtaiissve,eSe c hmit1h7a93us,ae bnr ivdegresdoi fwo hni chp buwlsaihsea ds" Otnh Per obolfte hme
an
RelaotfSi poinr PirtaucatliP cheis loaopnhTdih ceaoilrnB y ud hdisSmc,h"m it1h7a96uFs.oe arrn e ccertniitc oifs m
thviise swe,Fe r an2c0o0A 9g.a itnhseto prrieessu papnoi ssmioonrgpr heilca tiboentswmheeietpnha ypsaincds
meditaFtriaon(nc2,o0 : 09 96f. )a dvocatiensq usitrayn dtphoaiatnc tkw nleodgtehsce omepxliatnyd
an
heteroogftehniesi trye laragtuitiohnn'ags"tv hi aitrpsi, ce atnibneeors te ducaes di ntgol e hommoodg.eeO"lnn e ous
balainstce ee,pm rsu dneontt tooan clknyo wltehdcege en tprlcaaetl h tahtre e ciprretolicaoanlbs ehtiwpve ieenw s
anmde ditoacctuipoiinnBe usd dshoitsetr isoylsot-geiamrcssea f1le ctthe'edme i'icc na teguosretidose csh ematize
teachsiuncaghsts hf euo rs uccedsissiicvni(yeepo slg :ar na'lb yoofvr i) e(wIb taam) e,d it(astgipooam,n)c onduct
(sypod anpdafr )u it(ib'oranbs u o),rt hteh rienes i(pgrhjanta:ss hersa bb)o ronfs tud(ytihnpoga,s )t hinking
(bspaama) n mde dit(astgipooamn-) b uatsl ot ot akienc toon sid(earfsaaa rtsi i psoo ns lseti)hbc eo nlstatieoolfn
lniguishtitisoccra,,ild octrinals-escytsatiremimaaagnti,ina can,tdd i ivdea fccattioctr hsat tyi pcaclolnyd ition
tradiptreoennstaoalnt si.
5
moitavtiinngrt ees,c tnoscerannsdq usetiotnhaslt e idt asd herteoni vtnse stteia gnad
formutlhadeti iesn tcntsii no wtahyets h tahte dyi. d Tthyiposefg enleoagailic nquiilsr eys s
spectuilvtaeh aonn mei gshutpp osFeo.r tunraDztoeglcsyh ,ei nsa t raditthiahotanl s e ft
manyg uipdoesitnts h feo romfq usetipoonsspe rdo,b ldeenmfesida ,ni dn tenetxipoilntislc y
sttae(dt shele atatretery pifcoaulinln"dyt s atemoefin nttsea nttt hb"eeg innoifnw gorsk osr
inc loopsho)Tn.he shea vsee rvaespd oi ntosfd eparatnuodrr ei entfaotri potrnshen eet
ivnesttiigoawnh icaht temtpopt rso bbeen edaotxho phgirlcas aurfoafcr eDz ogcsh en
exesgiteso agtte htpe hl ioosphiacnasdlto eiroloigssiuceiavsnlo v eldI.ne detdh,he it soroyf
rDzogcsh eant tetmopa trst icaunjldaut tsitef hype r incdiiipsntatcilo cnnas fruuliblteyrf ead
asa s eroifeo sn gnogri espotnocs eerst gaeinnep rraolb laereamts h alto npgr eoccupied
rDzogcsh esnc hrosal napdr actsiIt.ni t ohniesrr dri,eit gsi am porttosa tnsrtste htahtae i m
ands ingiifcanocfte h reDz ogcsh edni isntctairooenn sl uyn derstwahnedsnati buladet e
withcinont eoxflt i nvgpi rax-tihsee v lovirnegp etoofsi prier eixteuirascl-ef sor mw hich
thedye velaonptdeo dwr adw hitchhew ye roer ie.n4t ed
Thmea ins eicotonf tthhseiiisss orgaarnoiutznhedrsd et oeeo rlioglpi rcoabalereams
(witthw coh patedresv ottoee cadh t)h Iah tva es taokeufdto trh peu prosiven esttiigtnahg e
diisnttcioTnsak.e inns equee,tn hcseee ncoamsppsr oblcenomcesr nitnhgne a tuorfe
libteirnkagn owle(dnggoseeo ogyl,)t hger ounodfhs u marne al(iotnyt o)l,ao ngdty he
4P irerHea dhoatms a daes ilmaicrl awiimtr he gtaropd r emoGdreernc o-aRnoCdmh arni psthiialno sBoaspehdi es.
onh imset icutlroaunss laantdiin otnesr proeftt haGetr ieoeanknsd L atsioncu ersH,a doatr gutehsat th ese
phisloophwieerisen extrbiocuaunbpdw l iytc he rteaxienr cspiitriiat( uata leiram abdyoI pgtneaodtfL i ouoysl a
bsaeodnt hoer iaglsin ensoeft hGer eco-Ctherriamkss etsitiahsnwa) et r ceo ncelrenwseisdta hb sttrhaecotr izing
andd octreixneeasgltih sa wni tthhf ero matainotdnr aonrsmfatoifto hnie n diuidavTlh.e retfhosere en,as ned
sinfigicnacoeft hewsoer oknsl bye coimneetlsgl iibwlheet nh eyc oandrseeir ienld i gohftt hs ci ontoef'xi ltv ing
pria'sxA.c cortdoHi andgot htwe,o rokfa ncipehnistlo op"heyv,ie ifnit as p paretnhteloyr aentsdiy csatlce ,ims a ti
writntoestno m ucthoi nfotrhrmee aodfear d octcroinntabelunt ttof romh imt,om akhei tmr avaec resret ain
itinientr hacero yu orfswe h ihcehw imlakle s pirpirtoeugsarsl(. H"a d1o99t5:6 4) "sPohptihhlyeao np peianir tss
oriingaaslp encoattsa: t heoreticbaulat s cm oeant shftorotrd ru acitpn,ei ontpgoll ei vet ola onaodttk h weo rilnad
neww ay.Iit as n a ttetmotp rtao nrsmmfa nkiCnodn.t emphoirsatrooyrfp i haisnlosop ahryte o dsacryac eilnyc lined
top aayt tteintoont haissp eacltt,h ioitu gashn e sesntoinaeTl.h e rferoat shoiintss h aitnc, o nfowrmiitath y
traditiofi'no mti hnMehi edrdAilgteeae snd fd or mt hmeo deerrnta h,ec yo nspihdieolrpo htsyob eap rueya lbstract­
theoraecttii.cv("aiI ltb :y1i 6d0).I.nt hreD zocghsec no ntmeKxhtap,sa N yrnia ' ubm( 115-812)h 1a3dsr aaw n
simri lcaonbtertawsaetde hne roefpn htisslo ophsiycsatl(e gmrspu ab'm it h'ariej ss u' dzpianw) h od eal with a
ground atnih nalttlte euicoasble j c(ts hbeys'ag izh ia)n add heroeftn htpesa t(hl admur ejss u' dzinw hpoda e)a l
witagh r outnhdia asts celaisat ihneaeibdri dcionngd i(tgizkyhoiign n alsus g)S.e hei rsD zopgacs hepnoT shig
dobnc guc ipga 1:.6 f.9a nKdl ocnhgep nas T' shidgo mnd zod7:7 8f...T5 he sdeife frinegwo svn ti hger ou(nvdi z.,
one'fusn damesnottaelr ilfro almooegfr i ecfaeraerinenc vee)s ticghaatp5et.de ri n
6
Buddhpiastt(ho s telroyig.)o Tmhaiinss ectiipsor ne cebdyae nid n trodcuhcpattoe(rrpy a rt
onet)h aitnr tdouecst hdei stinacsct rnoieornssts o ofnr eDzogcsh esnN yitnhgid gor citne
andt rhowlsi gohntt hehiirs toarnidsc oaiclo culbtcaukrrgaonlud T.h ep robloefm
knwoledigvnees ttiegidan p arttw oc nocertnhsae n ciBeunddth iqsute stoifo ntw ha
cnoditaironenec se srsyfa oarp erstoobn e coemnel igh(tbehonid.eP) do saendo twhaeyr,
whaatr e ctnohdei tsoi fop nosbsiiloiftt yhu en condintoinodnmueoadeld o fa warsesn e
deemcenodts ituotfbi eviean b gu ddohr'aw a akenoen'de( ubddjhfiaii)n?Ca hapttwesore ts
ouitn,l ihgto ft ihsqu setitooin n,v estthisegoc aptaeen nda tuorfte h dei stibnecttwieoenn
minadn pdr imokrnodwiniaglI.e t x amincehsa rtrahsicetst ia ecssioactweidt h aenatdch he,n
briecflnoyis dehroswt hdei stilnactithdife oo nu ndaftoicrol nacssla s izroDgcsh eann d
shapietodsf tcerne a(tri)evi en terporfeB tudadhtiidsootnc nste .rC ihapttherree xema ines
somkee yp hoioslphiacraglu mtehnatts awdeurmeb rdautreitdnh gce l acslaps eiritood
jutsiafnydd e fetnhddei stiiownnic,tt shp ecfioacolun ts h ues oeft rnasncdeenatraglu ments
oft hgee nefroar'lmof ryt ob ep osbsliem,u sbtet hceae s'.
x
Thep robolfet mhg er outnhdfa otr pmasrt th roefte h e sitchsnoe certnhusel taitme
'rgoun'o dfsf eredoamn de rr,wo hrerteht ee rgmz h(i'r ogu'n)rde febrostt how haits
cnoisderfenudda meannttdao ls uorecso fl egiti(miaantm iaonnns eirm itlota hrde u al
sensoefts hE en gils'hrg ou'na dnGde rm'arnGu n'd)C.h apftoeutrra kueps zroDgcsh en
ivneisgtatiinotnosc notdhiet oifpo onssbs iiloiftt hyme o edo fb einagb uodfd vhraai,o usly
tremetdh e gr(goizu,)htn hdge r ouonfad l( lk ugnzh id)h,a rkmiiay(ac hsouks)t ,h aeb iding
cnodit(igonna ss .)I ltsu ugrvtehyeesa rdleyv eloopfmr eDznotgc seh ng rouanndda ll­
groucnnodc eptaisot nhse dye veloipnre edl attioto hnr ceoen sttieolonlfsac roe
storeiogliaoclie da:ns atuorfMe i n(ds enmysi ydes, h e,ns a)tuorfRe e atly(i chnoysi dde,
bzhniyni adn)bd u ddnhaat u(rbey acnhgus bn yipnogd, e b zhgisnh epga'ssi n yipno.g)
Chapftievrae d dsresest hqeu estoifwo hnyc lssaicsaNly itnhgis go cuerisn rcaesnigly
empahsizade idis ntctbieotnw gereonu onfdf erse do(mgo rlg zhain)ed r r(ok'rhr uglzh i)
wheenra lireDzro gcsh esnuo recst endteoed m pahsiuzneir tayt thheadrni e frfceenI.nd oing
soi,ti v nestisgh aotwce lsaislcr aNyirnnage xegestoeusgt hort e contchieoliwern e raly
rDzogcsh egnr oucnnodc petio(ngsiz ,hk ung zhwii)t Yho garcasa pelctauioonnst he
iilyaa[jvfiiniia(]k ugnz h[irn apma srh epsa Da nwdi tTha thagatdaigsarcrsoboeuhnsia n nate
7