The Philippine genus Risiocnemis Cowley (Zygoptera: Platycnemididae). 1. Subgenus Risiocnemis

44 Pages·1991·7.2 MB·English

by  Hämäläinen, M

Odonatologica20(2): 151-194 JuneI. 1991
The PhilippinegenusRisiocnemis Cowley (Zygoptera:
Platycnemididae). 1. SubgenusRisiocnemis*
M.Hämäläinen
DepartmentofAgriculturaland Forest Zoology,University ofHelsinki,
SF-00710Helsinki,Finland
Received January7, 1991 /AcceptedFebruary4, 1991
The genus is divided into 2 subgenera,viz. Risiocnemis (typified by R. serrata
[Hagen])and Igneocnemissubg. nov.(typifiedby R.ignea[Brauer]).The subgenus
Risiocnemisisrevised. 14oftheknown 15spp.,incl. 10newspp., areclassified into4
species groups, viz. (I) appendiculata group(appendiculala[Brauer], erythrura
[Brauer],praeusta sp.n., confusasp. n.,kiautai sp.n.,moroensissp.n.);—(2)orator
group (orator sp. n.);— (3) rolandmuelleri group(rolandmuellerisp.n.); and
— (4) serrata group (serrata [Hagen], asahinai Kitagawa, gracilis sp. n.,
varians sp. n., pulchra sp. n., laguna sp. n.). R. elegans Kitagawa is not
placed into any group, since no material was available for examination.
Ofgracilis sp. n. only $ and from moroensis sp. n. only $ are known; from
the other spp. n. both sexes are described. Females of R. appendiculata
and R. erythrura are described for the first time. R. cornuta (Brauer), the
lectotype of which is designated, is synonymized with R. serrata (Hagen).
Separate keys to the males and females are given and areview of studies on
the genusis presented.
INTRODUCTION
Risiocnemis Cowley, 1934 is a rather aberrant genus of Platycnemididae
endemicto thePhilippineislands.Untilnow 15species have beendescribed,two
ofwhichare mere synonyms.
The present review is based mainly on two large collectionsofPhilippine
dragonflies. The materialgathered by Mr Roland A. Müllerand his collabo-
rators contains over 1000 Risiocnemis specimens, referableto noless than20
species, halfofwhichare new.ThecollectionofthelateDrF. Ris,depositedat
• Results ofthe Roland Mailer ZoologicalExpeditions tothe Philippines, No. 7.
152 M. HSmalainen
theSenckenberg Museum, consistsofca. 250specimens, mainly collectedbyG.
Boettcher in the 1910’s. This material includes many other new species, not
represented in the Mullermaterial. Besides these, all Risiocnemis specimens
deposited attheRijksmuseum vanNatuurlijke Historic(Leiden) andtheInstitut
Royal des Sciences Naturelles(Brussels) werealso studied, and necessary type
specimens were borrowedfromother museums.
Sincethe materialathandmorethandoublesthenumberofknown species, a
revision ofthegenus is attempted, in spite ofthe beliefthat some further new
species will soon be discovered from the numerous, still inadequately studied
islands, orawait description in differentmuseumcollections, not studiedby me.
Using the criteria presented by LIEFTINCK (1981) in his species group
division, thegenus is dividedintotwo subgenera, RisiocnemisandIgneocnemis
subgen. nov. Therevisionwillbepresented intwoparts,thepresentpaperdealing
with species ofthe subgenus Risiocnemis, typified by R. serrata (Hagen), while
the second paperwill be concernedwith species ofthe subgenus Igneocnemis,
typified by R. ignea(Brauer). Thelatterwillalso containageneraldiscussionon
the genus, including a detailedcomparison ofthetwo subgenera, an attemptto
clarify theaffinityofthesubgenera andspecies groupswithinthem,andnoteson
the distributionpattern ofthe species.
Itis evidentthatRisiocnemis isa fairly large genus,developed inanarrayof
closely similarspecies indifferentislands, manyofwhichappearrestrictedtoone
orafewislands.Thebulkoftheknown species occurinLuzonandMindanao;no
species isknown fromthePalawanislandgroupandfromtheSuluarchipelago
Allspecies seemtobestrictlyrheophilous, mostlyinhabitingsmalljunglestreams
and creeks.
GENUS RISIOCNEMISCOWLEY
Risiocnemis COWLEY, 1934: 204.
= HypocnemisHagen in SELYS LONGCHAMPS, 1863: 153-154;preoccupied
name.
= PrionocnemisSELYSLONGCHAMPS, 1886:222-223;preoccupied name.
Type species: Hypocnemis serrata Hagenin SELYS LONGCHAMPS , 1863:
154-155.
REVIEWOFLITERATURE
The genus HypocnemisHagenwaserectedinSELYSLONGCHAMPS(1863;pp. 153-154;sep.;
pp.9-10)toaccommodateasinglespecies,H.serrata Hagen,fromManila.Itwasoneofthefourfull
genera inthe"LegionPlatycnemis"ofSELYSLONGCHAMPS(1863).Inthecorrectionssection of
his "Revision du Synopsis des Agrionines” SELYS LONGCHAMPS (1886, pp. 222-223)
proposedthename Prionocnemis asasubstitute namefor Hypocnemis, whichispreoccupied by
HypocnemisCabanis, 1847inAves.
AfewyearslaterSELYS LONGCHAMPS(1891a;p.216)found outthatPrionocnemiswasalso
Revision ofRisiocnemis Cowley, part 1 153
apreoccupiedname—by Prionocnemis Schicidte, 1837inHymenoptera,andhe somewhatcondi-
tionallyproposed Nesocnemis asasubstitute name,stating”Celanousobligemalheureusement a
changerencore.Prenonssi Tonveutlenom deNesocnemis".This publicationisdated 1stOctober
1891. However,in another paper publishedin thesameyear, but after7thNovember(possiblyin
December), SELYS LONGCHAMPS (1891b) introduced the samename Nesocnemis as anew
subgenericnameto accommodateasinglespeciesfromMadagascar,Nesocnemis sinuatipennisn.
sp., and placedthenewsubgenusinto Prionocnemis'. Thus,hecreated anomenclatorial confusion,
which musthaveremained unnoticed byCOWLEY(1934),whointroduced thenameRisiocnemis
toreplacePrionocnemis.
Strict adherence to the rules would require keeping Nesocnemis Selys, 1891 as the correct
replacementname forPrionocnemis Selys, 1886 and toconsider RisiocnemisCowley, 1934asan
unnecessarilyintroduced juniorsynonym. However,I prefertocontinuetheuseofRisiocnemis,
sincein myview, changingofthis established name,in useformorethan50years,toanamenever
used afteritsintroduction 100years agoandforgottenevenby itsownauthor afteronemonth(!),
would not helpto bringstabilityin the nomenclature.
BRAUER (1868)described five species in Hypocnemis: ignea,appendiculata, cornuta, atro-
purpurea and erythrura.SELYSLONGCHAMPS(1882)addedH.haematopusandH. flammea
and providedanamended diagnosisofthe genusand akey. SELYS LONGCHAMPS (1886;pp.
97-106)gave detailed descriptions ofthe8 known Hypocnemisspecies.
Over 50years elapseduntil newspeciesweredescribedbyKIMMINS(1936):Risiocnemis incisa
and R.reflexa. NEEDHAM & GYGER(1939)treated the genus still under thename Prionoc-
nemis.Theypointedoutthecorrelation ofthecrenulated wingapexwith thedistalpositionofthe
arculus, and described onenewspecies,P. rubripes.Two further taxa,Prionocnemisatripesand
P. tendipes, were added by NEEDHAM & GYGER (1941). These have remained the latest
novelties ofthe genusuntil KITAGAWA(1990)recently described R. asahinai and R.elegans.
LIEFTINCK(1958,p.254;1963,p. 526)discussed brieflytheaffinitiesofRisiocnemis withsome
Oriental and Papuanplatycnemidid genera. Inavery useful paper onsomelittle knownspecies,
LIEFTINCK(1981)pointedoutthatKimmins’s R.incisaand R. reflexawereerroneouslylabelled
as originatingfrom Borneo,and thattheyin factcame fromthePhilippines, likelyfromLuzon,
reflexabeingnonspecificwithhaematopusSelys, 1882. Healsopresentedadiagnosisofthegenus,
divided it intotwo species groupsandgaveadetailed characterizationofthesecondspeciesgroup,
typifiedby R. ignea.
KIAUTA& K1AUTA(1981)studied thekaryotypic morphologyofR. incisaanddiscussed the
survivalpotentialanddistribution ofthe speciesinterms ofcytotaxonomicevidence.
Thelarval stageisknownonly inR.serrata. Itwasfirst described andillustratedbyNEEDHAM
& GYGER (1939;pp. 271-273,pi. 14). Subsequentdescriptions and discussions onits affinities
tolarvae ofrelated generawerepresentedbyLIEFTINCK(1958,pp.285-286;1963,pp.526,533-
-534,540;1981,pp. 96-97).
DIAGNOSISOFTHEGENUS
Diagnosesordefinitions ofthegenus havebeen presentedbySELYSLONGCHAMPS(1863,pp.
153-154, sep:.pp. 9-10; 1882, pp. 22-24; 1886, pp. 97-98), LIEFTINCK (1933, pp. 127-128),
NEEDHAM &GYGER(1939,pp.269-270)andLIEFTINCK(1981,pp.94-95).Thusonlyabrief
diagnosisispresentedhere;
1 Alreadythenext year SELYS LONGCHAMPS (1892, p. 106) found out that his subgeneric
name Nesocnemis is ajuniorsynonym of Tatocnemis Kirby, 1889,a genusatpresentplaced in
Megapodagrionidae.
154 M.HSmSlSinen
A genusof the platycnemidid Calicnemidinae, characterized by the aberrant
position ofR4+5 and IR3, the origin ofwhich is situated more distallythan
usual;R4+5arise atthesubnodusorslightlydistalto itandIR3isremovedtothe
level ofPx3-5.R3 andIR2aresituatedfurtherdistally,inthepositiontypical of
the family. The border of the wing apex is either distinctly crenulated, or
smoothly sinuate due to shallow emarginations betweenthe tips of the main
veins.
DEFINITIONOFSUBGENERA
LIEFTINCK(1981)divided the genus into two speciesgroups, the firstofthesetypifiedby R.
serrataandthe secondoneby R.ignea.Hegave goodcharacterizations ofboth groupsandwrote
(p.95)thathis ”.. .groupcharactersmay ultimatelyprove useful forthe definition ofsubgenera”.
Consideringthescopeofdifferencesinthetwogroups,especiallyinvenation andpenilestructure,I
thinkthatit isbest to givethe groupsasubgeneric status.
Table I
Details ofvenationinspeciesofthesubgenusRisiocnemis;originofveins IR3,R3 andIR2(atlevel
1pultsves(CthmeDh5ospevoeoouii4s.eenrnofniarttlskoaasilfo.;tliiALhadlns9IlepypE5roFi)nosTfgtantIsgohNmoefaCtditlahntyRaKnonau.l4sfdts+oP5xdiv3toe-atf5nhh.astiesihlsitnsieouonaRfTtb4eas”.h..e.+er..e.s—si5c(sct1.oeto.h9n.—p.e8d)Re,1.3g)tinoro.ubp.aopdsotr.paogludaafe)nnieevtdnycdereid,civetdnihdsiefeefmecaadhrbnitedahyndtnirIoedRacdIRec2sots3ufeR,brtots.nDghhstfothreEhhodeeaeFuuliIplgasNosnrwIeentnThatgsuIheOuui.emnebnNmbmgueesasritnytahubueasHteoweCseMriudinarogbi.glneutriignwctmltoenoigoomnaeafermaHvgsfrteTRiiiäledcniagimliaspygpnbhOtitäwroaoliteoololFasecyäonutfnp,inguspnsoeeoorsefmxtdot,hnadniesSlr:ssIoU.psewpBtdacrGhoiteiudavEccessiehhsNiss.ltapEsarelRac.cAidatielseol——rytguiriatzihrsglaoleeiyntufrbi,ouipscten[[loshFtsw,Faweraeswciniittnotuefafroit=zea=rdtvedvhneidesiednntinianftfsthociooertelnytfrhireItoseRhtfe3dIReww3fmbii,nnoipooigttinaofrh,oensnitsiidgtpiRostbh,n3yercserhghepemrwenowoanuudvtnilplohaieesdsfetdtoeat==yfdllp,yifitsIetyRuhhhdps2baietnicirgabdunaeneclndrtdruea(rrntaeaotmt,”.wtwbwhaiyainrnolngietthn]veeeoolgRrf.]I
11RR33 RR33 11RR22 PPoossttnnooddaallss
SPpeecciieeSs ffww hhww ffww hhww ffww hhww ffww hhww
aappppeennddiiccuullaatlaa 44--55 33-A4 77--99 66--88 1100--1133 99--1122 1177--2211 1155--2200
eerryylthhrruurraa 44--55 33--44 77--99 77--88 1100--1122 99--1122 2200--2211 1199--2200
pprraaeeuussttaa sspp..nn.. 44--55 3-4 77--99 77--88 1111--1133 99--1111 1177--2222 1166--2200
ccoonnffuussaasspp..nn.. 44--55 33--44 88--99 77 1111--1122 1100--1111 2200--2222 1199--2211
kkiiaauuttaaii sspp..nn.. 33--44 33--44 88--99 66--88 1100--1133 88--1122 1177--2211 1166--1199
mmoorrooeennssiiss sspp..nn..$$ 44--55 44 88--99 66--77 1122 1100--1111 2200--2211 1199--2200
aorraattoorrsspp..nn.. 44--55 33--44 88--1100 77--88 1111--1122 99--1111 1199--2211 1177--2200
rroollatmnddmmuueelllleerrii sspp..nn.. 33--55 33--44 77--99 66--88 1100--1122 99--1111 1166--2200 1155--1188
sseerrrraattaa 33--55 33--44 77--99 66--77 1100--1133 99--1122 1177--2211 1166--2200
aassaahhiinr.aMi 44--55 33--55 77--99 77--88 1111--1133 1100--1122 1177--2211 1177--2200
ggrraacciilliisssspp..nn..$$ 44 33 77 66 1100--1111 99--1111 1177 1166
vvaarriiaannsssspp..nn.. 44--55 33--44 77--88 66--77 1100--1133 99--1111 1166--2211 1155--1188
ppuullcchhrraasspp.. nn..$$ 44--55 33--44 88 66--77 1100--1122 99--1111 1177--1199 1166--1188
llaagguunnaasspp.. nn,. 44 33--44 88 66--77 1111--1122 1100--1111 1199--2200 1188--1199
eelleeggaannss nnoottssttuuddiieedd
Subgenus RISIOCNEMISCowley, 1934
Typespecies: Hypocnemis serrata Hagenin SELYSLONGCHAMPS, 1863,pp. 154-155.
Diagnosis. — Wingapex distinctly crenulated;arculus placed welldistalto
Ax2 (Figs 1, 3). Penis structure variable, side lobes withor without filaments
(Figs 6-16).
Revision ofRisiocnemis Cowley,part 1 155
Subgenus IGNEOCNEMIS
subgen. nov.
Type species; Hypocnemis
igneaBRAUER, 1868,p. 547.
Diagnosis. — Wing
apex only smoothly sinu-
ous; arculus in line with
Ax2 (Figs 2, 4). Penis
structure quite uniform,
glans deeply cleft into
scoop-shaped lobes (Fig.
5).
A more detailed comparisonof
the characters ofthe subgenera,
as well as a discussion oftheir
affinity will be presented in the
secondpart oftherevision. Figs 1-4.Wingapex and baseinthetwosubgenera:—(1,3)
Risiocnemis (Risiocnemis)serrata, $.—(2,4)Risiocnemis
(Igneocnemis)haematopus(Selys),2.
TREATMENT OF THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS RISIOCNEMIS
The subgenus is dividedinto fourspecies groups, mainly onthebasis ofthe
penile structure. The sequence of the groups is not arbitrary, but shows an
affinity, whichwill be discussed inthe secondpart oftherevision.
The structure ofthe anal appendages provides the best characters forsepa-
rating males of different species. Females can usually be told apart by the
structureoftheprothorax. Thekeys arebasedonthestudyofthesestructures;in
afew cases othercharactersmust alsobeconsultedforareliableidentification.
The apex of the abdomen does not provide characters that allow species
identificationin females. The ovipositor valvesextendtothelevel oftheapexof
theanalappendages, orveryslightly exceed it;thelowermarginoftheovipositor
valvesare usually furnishedwith 16-20denticles.
SEMphotographywasusedasmeansforillustration,sinceitprovidesaneasyandaccurateway
to depict the complex structures. A JEOLJSM-820 scanning microscope was used. Prior to
viewingspecimenswerecoatedwithgold usingJEOLFine CoatIon SputterJFC-1100. Magnifi-
cations of50-70x (120-140xin Figs72,76)wereused forphotographingmaleappendagesand fe-
male thoracic structures andthose of 150-220x for penilestructures. For photographingfemales
ofsomespecies,theprothoraxwasdetached fromthepterothoraxinordertominimize thedamage
tothespecimen.
The provenance ofthe specimensphotographedorillustrated is indicated in the"material stu-
died” section ofeach species.
156 M. HamalSinen
Figs 5-10. Penis ofsixRisiocnemis species(obliquelateralview):—(5)representativeolsungenus
Igneocnemis:R.flammea(Selys);—(6) R.appendiculata;-(7)R.erythrura;—(8)R.praeustasp.
n.;—(9) R. confusasp. n.; —(10) R.kiautai sp.n.
Revision ofRisiocnemis Cowley,part 1 157
KEY TOTHE MALES²
1 Ondorsalviewtheinnermarginofsuperiorappendagessinuous,with adistinctbulgeinwards
in theapicalthird oftheappendage(Figs56-58) 2
— On dorsal view the inner marginofsuperiorappendagesstraight orslightlyarched without
abulgeinwards 4
2 Superiorappendagesclearlylongerthan segment 10(Fig.59) varians
— Superiorappendagesofthesamelengthoronly alittle longerthan segment 10 3
3 Superior appendages shaped on dorsal view as in Figure 58; very abruptly narrowed in
apex laguna
— Superiorappendagesshaped ondorsalview asin Figure57 pjulchra
4 Inferior appendagesnot reachingtothelevel oftheapex ofsuperiors 5
— Inferior appendagesreachingorslightlyexceedingthelevel ofthe apex ofsuperiors 9
5 Ventral process ofsuperiorappendageslongand narroworrobust and triangular,ca 1/3or
more ofthe lengthoftheappendage 6
— Ventral process of superior appendagessmall, spine-like; 1/4 or less ofthe lengthofthe
appendage g
6 Ventralprocess very longand narrow nearthe base (Figs32-33) kiautai
— Ventral process moreorless triangular 7
7 Apicalside oftheventral process ata90° anglewiththeappendage(Fig.54) gracilis
— Apicalside oftheventral process ata 130° anglewith theappendage(Fig. 34) <confusa
8 Inferior appendagesreachingonly tomidwayofthe lengthofthe superiors(Fig.50).serrata
— Inferior appendagesreachingwelloverthemidway ofthelengthofthe superiors(Fig.52)..
asahinai
9 Ventralprocess ofsuperiorappendagesvery broad and triangleshaped; theapicalside ofthe
processat 150° anglewiththeappendage(Figs 35-37) rolandmuelleri
— Ventral processdifferent 10
10 Ventralprocess directed obliquelybasalwards (Figs 44-45) orator
— Ventral processdirected straightventradorsomewhat apicad 11
11 Ventral process long,well removed from thebase; superiorappendagesdistinctly longerthan
segment 10(Figs 17-18) appendiculata
— Ventralprocessnearerthebase; superiorappendagesonlyalittle longerthan segment 10.12
12 Length oftheventral processabout 1/3 ofthelengthoftheappendage(Figs 19-20).Gians of
penis with pear-shaped,rounded side lobes (Fig. 7) erythrura
— Lengthoftheventralprocess less than 1/3ofthelengthoftheappendage(Figs21-22).Giansof
penis with boot-shaped side lobes with narrow stem(Fig.8) praeusta
KEY OFTHE FEMALES³
1 Median lobe ofprothoraxprotuberatedwith distincttubercles 2
— Median lobe ofprothoraxmore orlessraised, butwithout distinct tubercles 7
2 Tubercles ratherlow,very gentlyslopingonthe anteriorside (Fig. 72) serrata
— Tubercles prominent,steeplyraised 3
3 Tubercles sharplypointed atapex; middle lobe oftheposteriorlobe broad, plate-like(Figs
4(y-41) orator
2MaleofR.moroensisunknown. R.elegansKitagawanotincluded inthekey, sincenomaterialwas
available forstudy.
3Female ofR. gracilisunknown; R.elegans Kitagawanot included.
158 M. Hamalainen
Figs 11-16.PenisoffiveRisiocnemis species:—(11)R. aratorsp.n.;—(12)R.rolandmuelleri sp.n.;
—(13) R.serrata; -(14)R.asahinai;—(15-16)R. varianssp.n.—[Fig. 16 dorsalview;— others
obliquelateral view]
— Tuberclesrather blunt atapex; middle lobe oftheposteriorlobe different 4
4 Posteridr side ofthe tubercle moresteeply raisingthan the anterior side; thus thetubercle
slantingslightly backwards;middle lobe oftheposteriorlobebilobed (Figs 73-74)..asahinai
— Tubercle upright,very prominent 5
Revision ofRisiocnemisCowley,part 1 159
5 Middle lobe oftheposteriorlobetriangular,with rather pointedapex (Figs68,75-76varians
— Middle lobe oftheposteriorloberounded orkidney-shaped,with bilobed ornotched apex6
6 Middle lobe oftheposteriorlobe rounded and notchedat apex (Fig.70) laguna
— Middle lobe oftheposteriorlobe kidney-shaped, distinctlybilobed (Fig. 69) pulchra
7 Intheposteriorlobe,thelaterallobes forminga.rightanglewith themiddlelobeseeninlateral
view g
— Lateral lobes parallelwith the middle lobein lateral view 9
8 Laterallobes very longandnarrow, directedstraight backwards (Figs48-49) .rolandmuelleri
— Laterallobes directedobliquelyforward,partlyoverlappingthemiddlelobeinfrontalview(Figs
40-41) confusa
9 Laterallobes longerthan the middlelobe when seenin lateral view(Figs42-43) .moroensis
— Laterallobes shorter thanthe middle lobe in lateral view 10
10 Laterallobes wellremoved fromthemiddlelobe,directedobliquelylateradindorsalview(Figs
38-39) kiautai
— Lateral lobes neartothemiddlelobe, quiteparallelwith it 11
11 Lateral lobes narroworsomewhat pointed(Figs23-24) appendiculata
— Lateral lobes rather broad;rounded (Figs25-28) 12
12 Pterostigmawith costal side slightlyshorter than anal side (Fig.30) praeusta
— Pterostigmawith costalside muchshorterthan anal side;pterostigmathus moreoblique(Fig.
29) erythrura
THE R. APPENDICULATASPECIES GROUP
This group contains species in which the structure ofthe glansisrather unspecialized,being
divided into flat side lobes without flagella.Themedian lobe ofthefemale prothoraxiswithout
distinctpronotaltubercles. Males arevariablycoloured; appendiculatareddish andkiautai black.
Colouringofthree species,erythrura,praeusta andconfusaisquitesimilar,acombination ofblack
and red. R.moroensisisplacedintothis groupwithsomehesitation,sinceitsmaleisstill unknown.
However,its prothoracicstructures resemble those in the females oftheappendiculatagroup.
Species ofthegroup arewidelydistributedin thearchipelago,butarepredominantlysouthern.
RISIOCNEMISAPPENDICULATA (BRAUER, 1868)
Figures6, 17-18,23-24
Hypocnemis appendiculata BRAUER, 1868: 548 (orig. descr. of a <5 from
Mindanao);—SELYSLONGCHAMPS,1882:24,26,27(noteonthetypespecimen:
"Mindanao,aucommencementde juilletet dans la seconde moitie du moisd’aout
[Semper]”);— SELYSLONGCHAMPS, 1886:98, 105-106(additionalteneral$$
from Mindanao;redescr.).
Prionocnemis appendiculata:KIRBY, 1890: 127(Mindanao);—NEEDHAM &
GYGER, 1939;270,276,pi. 14:figs 181-182 fromsomeprovinces inMindanao
and Dinagat, briefcharacterization ofQ, fig.analapp.
Risiocnemis appendiculata:LIEFTINCK, 1961: 142 fromMindanao,notes on
size);— LIEFTINCK, 1974:113,129-130 fromMindanao;figs$anal app.);—
LIEFTINCK, 1981: 94(wingcrenulation);—DAVIES&TOBIN, 1984: 100(Minda-
nao);— TSUDA, 1986: 49 (Philippines).
Type material. — Holotype:male specimen with pinlabels: /Mind./32/ 561 / Hypocnemis
appendiculataBrau. Mindanao/.Ihave added alabel "HypocnemisappendiculataBrauer, 1868.
160 M. Hamalainen
Holotype. Rev. M. Hamalainen 1990”. Depositedincoll. SelysLongchampsat IRSN.
Other material studied. — From Mindanao. Coll. Müller: 3$,SouthCotabato prov.,Kor-
onadal.Barrio 8,(100-200m), 13-IV-I985,R.A,Mullerleg.;—45$(Figs6, 18),6$(Figs23-24),as
above, 12/I4-VI1-I986;— 23< I 2, site and dateas above, J. de losReyes leg.;— 1 <5,South
Cotabatoprov.,Parker Mts,Lake Maugham,(2500ft), ll-XII-1983,Th.Borromeoleg.;— 1<J,
Zamboangadel Norteprov.,Sindangan,Barili(nearbigriver),16/17-VI-1988,W.Catalleg.;—2<5,
Lanao del Norteprov., MtPuting,BatoSapad,(250ft),X-1988, W.Catalleg.;—43, Bukidnon
prov., Mt Imbayao,Baungon,TanalaongRiver,25-IX/l-X-1989,Th.Borromeojrleg.; — 2$,
Bukidnon Prov.,San Vicente,TamalaongRiver(400-600m),30-V1II/2-IX-1990,Th.Borromeo jr
leg.—RMNH: 1$,ZamboangadelNorte,UpperDohinogR.,(500-600m), 18-X-1959,Quateleg.;
— 15,ZamboangadelNorte, Manucan 20km S, 16-X-I959,(500-600m),Quateleg.;— 3$,1$,
Misamis Oriental Prov., Bal-ason (Gingoog), 1/3-IV-1960,H. Torrevillas leg.; — I 3 miE.
Dansalan, junglestream,(2500ft),H.E.M. leg.;—2Q, Agusan, S.Francisco, 10km 12/17-XI-
-1959,Quate& Yoshimotoleg.;—1$,Agusan,SanFran.,lOkmS, 12/17-XI-1959,Quateleg.;—1
3, Cotabato, Parang, 13-1-1954,Henri Townes leg. — SMF: 13 <5,5$, Surigao,variousdatesin
1915-1916,G.Boettcher leg.—From Dinagat,Coll. Müller(A. Buenafe leg.):2$,Loreto,Mt
Canbinlio,Balitbiton River, 10/17-V1-1988;— 2<5,asabove,24-IV/6-V-1989;— 15,asabove,
IX- 1$,Loreto,Mt Canbinlio,Canbinlio River,24/28-V-1988;—6Q, I$,MtCanbinlio,
11-1989;— I (J, Mt Redondo, 11-1989. — From Homonhon. Coll. Müller; 10 $,Bitaogan,
4/5-IV-1988,Th. Borromeo leg.; — 11<?, 1$,asabove, 12/13-V-1988,R.A.Müller leg.;— 37<5
(Fig.17),5 $,MageUanes Point,1/4-IV-I988,W.Catal leg.;— 1 <5,asabove, 15/18-V-1988,C.
Treadawayleg.;—66<J, 10$,asabove, 14/31-V-1988,R.A.Müllerleg. —From Panaon. Coll.
Müller (fromSan Francisco, W. Catal leg.,ifnot otherwise stated): 19. MtAnislagon(350ft),
V1II-1988;—53,Pag-ubayanRiver,VI11-1988;—I3,AnislagonCamay,(200ft),VIII-1988;— 1
9,MtKanao,(400ft),VIII-1988;—5(5,29,BatongLapad,VIII-1988;—13<5,89GabingCamay,
bigriver, X-1988;—6<5,39,Lilo-an,TabonRiver,X-1988;— 23,39,AnislagonCreek,(200ft),
X- —9<5,59,AnislagonRiver,10/12-X-1990,Th.Borromeojrleg.—FromLeyte.—Coll.
Müllen 8(5,29,Mahaplag,Hilusig,MtBalocaue,(600m),29-VIII/14-IX-1986,Th.Borromeoleg.;
— 1 3,asabove, 15/18-V-1987;— 53, 1 9,localityasabove,(700m), 28-XI/2-XI1-1989,Th.
Borromeo jr leg;— 43, 8 9,localityasabove,MagsuganaoRiver,(700m), 18-30-IX-1990,Th.
Borromeojrleg.;— 13<SouthLeyteprov.,St.Bernard,Catmon,20/26-VI-1989,A.Buenafeleg.
—RMNH; 1,5,Ormoc,18/20-XI-1966,C.Plateros leg;— 13,SouthLeyte,St.Bernard,Ayahag,
30-V-1970,C.Plateros leg.—From Samar.—SMF: 19,Catbalogan,21-IV-1915,G.Boettcher
leg. —From Bohol. Coll. Müllen 13< Sierra Bullones, Pilar,10/11-1V-1989,W.Catal leg.
Diagnosis. — Species with crenulated wing apex. Male: red. Superior
appendages longer than segment 10, inferiorsreaching as far as the superiors;
superiorswithalong and narrowprocess directedstraight ventrad,wellremoved
frombase.Female:medianlobeofprothoraxonly slightlyraised. Posteriorlobe
with a broad middle lobe; separate laterallobes rather narrow and pointed,
lowerthan the middlelobe.
MALE.—Thedescriptionsby BRAUER(1868)and SELYSLONGCHAMPS
(1886) and figures ofanalappendages by LIEFTINCK(1974) andthose inthe
presentpaper(Figs 17-18) allowan easy identificationofthe male.
Specimens from Mindanaoand Dinagat are uniformly brightreddishbrown,
most of thepostclypeus beingshining black; middorsalcarinablackand subalar
ridge furnished withtiny black marks. Insomeolderspecimens fromMindanao
the dorsum of the pterothorax is somewhat darkened. In specimens from