The Petrograd Workers in the Russian Revolution: February 1917-June 1918 PDF
Preview The Petrograd Workers in the Russian Revolution: February 1917-June 1918
The Petrograd Workers in the Russian Revolution Historical Materialism Book Series T he Historical Materialism Book Series is a major publishing initiative of the radical left. The capitalist crisis of the twenty-first century has been met by a resurgence of interest in critical Marxist theory. At the same time, the publishing institutions committed to Marxism have contracted markedly since the high point of the 1970s. The Historical Materialism Book Series is dedicated to addressing this situation by making available important works of Marxist theory. The aim of the series is to publish important theoretical contributions as the basis for vigorous intellectual debate and exchange on the left. The peer-reviewed series publishes original monographs, translated texts, and reprints of classics across the bounds of academic disciplinary agendas and across the divisions of the left. The series is particularly concerned to encourage the internationalization of Marxist debate and aims to translate significant studies from beyond the English-speaking world. For a full list of titles in the Historical Materialism Book Series available in paperback from Haymarket Books, visit: https: //www.haymarketbooks.org/ series_collections/ 1-historical-materialism The Petrograd Workers in the Russian Revolution February 1917-]une 1918 David Mandel Haymarket Books Chicago, IL First published in 2017 by Brill Academic Publishers, The Netherlands © 2017 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Published in paperback in 2018 by Haymarket Books P.O. Box 180165 Chicago, IL 60618 773-583-7884 www.haymarketbooks.org ISBN: 978-1-60846-006-9 Trade distribution: In the US, Consortium Book Sales, www.cbsd.com In Canada, Publishers Group Canada, www.pgcbooks.ca In the UK, Turnaround Publisher Services, www.turnaround-uk.com All other countries, Ingram Publisher Services International, ips_intlsales@ ingramcontent.com Cover design by Jamie Kerry and Ragina Johnson. This book was published with the generous support of Lannan Foundation and the Wallace Action Fund. Printed in the United States. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is available. To the memories of Leopold H. Haimson (1 927-2010) my teacher and defender Ivan Kupriyanovich Naumov (1 895-1938) Vyborg district worker, Bolshevik, Left Oppositionist to Stalinism •• Contents List of Tables and Maps XI Glossary XIII Introduction 1 1 Types of Political Culture in the Industrial Working Class of Petrograd 9 Skilled Workers 9 Unskilled Workers 26 The 'Worker Aristocracy' 38 The Generational Factor 46 2 The Social Composition of the Industrial Working Class of Petrograd and its Districts 52 The Social Composition of Petrograd's Districts 57 The Vyborg District 6i Petergof and Narva Districts 64 Vasilevskii ostrov 65 Petrograd District 66 Moskovskaya zastava 67 Nevskii-Obukhovskii District 68 Kolomna District 68 Second City District 69 First City District 69 Rozhdestvenskii District 69 Okhta and Porokhovskii Districts 70 3 The Honeymoon Period - From the February to the April Days 71 The Labour Movement during the War 72 The February Revolution - The Birth of Dual Power 74 Attitudes Regarding State Power and the Relationship to Census Society 77 Dual Power in the Light of Attitudes before the Revolution 87 Why Dual Power? 95 VIII CONTENTS 4 The February Revolution in the Factories 102 The Eight-Hour Day 103 Wages 107 The Press Campaign against 'Worker Egoism' 112 Worker-Management Relations: 'Democratisation of Factory Life' 115 Purge of the Factory Administrations 117 The Factory Committees 121 5 From the April to the July Days 133 The April Days 133 The First Coalition Government 145 The Break with Census Society 148 The Underlying Causes of the Shift to Soviet Power 155 The Spectre of Counterrevolution 155 The 18june Military Offensive 162 Economic Regulation 165 6 The Struggle for Power in the Factories in April-June 182 7 The July Days 193 The Workers and the Menshevik-sR Soviet Majority 193 TheJulyDays 197 Reaction Unleashed 204 8 Rethinking the Revolution: Revolutionary Democracy or Proletarian Dictatorship? 217 Census Society on the Offensive 217 Final Rejection of 'Conciliationism' 226 The Question of 'Revolutionary Democracy' 239 9 From the Komilov Uprising to the Eve of October 254 The Kornilov Uprising 254 The Democratic Conference 265 Setting Course for Soviet Power 274 10 Class Struggle in the Factories - September-October 279 The Factory Committees under Attack 279 The Struggle for Production - Workers' Control Checked 281 From Workers' Control towards Workers' Management 290 CONTENTS IX Factory Committees under Pressure 'from Below' 293 The Struggle for Production and the Question of State Power 300 Quiet on the Wage Front 303 11 On the Eve 307 12 The October Revolution and the End of 'Revolutionary Democracy' 331 Workers' Attitudes towards the Insurrection 334 The Question of a 'Homogeneous Socialist Government' 348 Unity from Below 365 13 The Constituent Assembly and the Emergence of a Worker Opposition 371 The Elections 371 Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly 380 The Chernorabochie and the Upsurge of Anarchist Influence 388 The Lines Harden 393 14 The October Revolution in the Factories 398 'Active' or 'Passive' Control? 398 Towards Nationalisation 412 Management in Nationalised Enterprises 420 15 Summon Up Every Last Ounce of Strength or Accept Defeat! 428 Dispersal of Petrograd's Working Class 428 The 'Obscene Peace' 434 The Rise and Failure of the Opposition 440 Conclusion 474 Bibliography 485 Index of Names and Subjects 494
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