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The Person with HIV AIDS: Nursing Perspectives, Fourth Edition PDF

663 Pages·2009·1.93 MB·English
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The Person with HIV/AIDS Nursing Perspectives FOURTH EDITION Jerry D. Durham, PhD, RN, FAAN, is Professor of Nursing and Chancellor of Allen College, Waterloo, Iowa. Prior to assuming his current position, he served as Vice- Chancellor of Academic Affairs at the University of Missouri at St. Louis. He has also held leadership positions at Indiana University School of Nursing, Mennonite College of Nursing, and Illinois Wesleyan University. Dr. Durham has earned six university degrees, including three in nursing and a doctorate in higher education administration. In addition to his role as an educator, he has held positions as a staff nurse, clinical manager, private practitioner in mental health nursing, and consul- tant in education and research. He was among the first researchers to investigate the nature of private practice in psychiatric nursing. He has received two fellow- ships in ethics from National Endowment for the Humanities. From 2006 through 2008 Dr. Durham cochaired the Emerging and Infectious Diseases Expert Panel of the American Academy of Nursing. Felissa R. Lashley (formerly Felissa L. Cohen), PhD, RN, FAAN, FACMG, is profes- sor emeritus and immediate past dean of the College of Nursing, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. Dr. Lashley is also dean emeritus and professor emeritus of the School of Nursing at Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. She previ- ously served as professor and Head of the Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) College of Nursing; Clinical Chief for Medical-Surgical Nursing at UIC Hospital and Clinics; and associate professor in the Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, UIC. Dr. Lashley received her doctorate in human genetics with a minor in biochemistry from Illinois State University. She is certified as a PhD Medical Geneticist by the American Board of Medical Genetics (the first nurse to be so certified) and is a founding fellow of the American College of Medical Genetics. Dr. Lashley began her practice of genetic evaluation and counseling in 1973. She has authored more than 300 publications. Dr. Lashley was the first nurse to serve on the AIDS Research Review Committee, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health (NIH). She was a member of the HIV Nursing Clinical Advisory Committee of the National AIDS Education and Training Centers, HRSA Bureau of Health Professions. In 2005, she received the “Woman of Excellence” award from the New Jersey Women and AIDS Network. The Person with HIV/AIDS Nursing Perspectives FOURTH EDITION JERRY D. DURHAM, PhD, RN, FAAN FELISSA R. LASHLEY, PhD, RN, FAAN, FACMG EDITORS NEW YORK Copyright © 2010 Springer Publishing Company, LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy- ing, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC, or authorization through payment of the appropriate fees to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, [email protected] or on the web at www. copyright.com. Springer Publishing Company, LLC Acquisitions Editor: Allan Graubard 11 West 42nd Street Project Manager: Judy Worrell New York, NY 10036 Cover design: TG Design www.springerpub.com Composition: Six Red Marbles Ebook ISBN: 978–0–8261–2138–7 09 10 11 / 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The person with HIV/AIDS: nursing perspectives/Felissa R. Lashley, Jerry D. Durham, [editors].—4th ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8261-2137-0 1. AIDS (Disease)—Nursing. I. Lashley, Felissa R., 1941– II. Durham, Jerry D. [DNLM: 1. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome—nursing. 2. HIV Infections—nursing. WY 153.5 P467 2009] RC606.6.P47 2009 616.97'920231—dc22 2009029810 The authors and the publisher of this Work have made every effort to use sources believed to be reliable to provide information that is accurate and compatible with the standards generally accepted at the time of publication. Because medical sci- ence is continually advancing, our knowledge base continues to expand. Therefore, as new information becomes available, changes in procedures become neces- sary. We recommend that the reader always consult current research and specific institutional policies before performing any clinical procedure. The authors and publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance on, the informa- tion contained in this book. The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Printed in the United States of America by The Hamilton Printing Company I dedicate this book to my wife, Kathy, for her enduring love and support throughout our lives together. —Jerry D. Durham With love to my wonderful family: Heather Cohen; Neal, Anne, Jacob, and Grace Cohen; Peter, Julie, Ben, Hannah, and Lydia Cohen; and Ruth Lashley. In the time since the first edition of this book, HIV/AIDS has changed from a fatal to a chronic illness. May there be both an effective vaccine and complete cure before the next edition. —Felissa R. Lashley This page intentionally left blank Contents Contributors xi Preface xiii SECTION I: HIV DISEASE: CORE ISSUES 1 1 HIV Infection and AIDS: Etiology, Epidemiology, and Transmission 3 Felissa R. Lashley 2 HIV Screening, Testing, and Counseling 51 Donna M. Gallagher 3 The HIV Disease Trajectory 71 Carl A. Kirton 4 Ethical and Legal Dimensions of the HIV/AIDS Pandemic 93 Jerry D. Durham SECTION II: PREVENTING, DIAGNOSING, AND MANAGING HIV DISEASE 137 5 Prevention of HIV Infection in the 21st Century 139 Sande Gracia Jones and Carol A. “Pat” Patsdaughter 6 Living with HIV/AIDS 205 David J. Sterken 7 The Medical Management of HIV Disease 221 James L. Raper vii viii Contents 8 Managing Symptoms in HIV Disease 293 Michael K. Klebert 9 HIV/AIDS Nursing Case Management Within the Global Community 321 Deborah Gritzmacher and Richard L. Sowell SECTION III: SPECIAL POPULATIONS 345 10 Caregivers of People Living with HIV Disease: Core Concerns and Issues 347 Joan S. Grant, Norman L. Keltner, and James Luther Raper 11 HIV Disease and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons 365 J. Craig Phillips and Elizabeth M. Saewyc 12 HIV Disease in Minority Communities: Current Progress and Future Directions 405 Judith B. Cornelius and Ann C. White 13 HIV Infection in Women 437 Susan W. Gaskins 14 Children and HIV Prevention and Management 461 Mary G. Boland and Deborah S. Storm 15 Aging and the Person Infected with HIV 505 Joe Burrage and David E. Vance 16 Sex Workers and Transmission of HIV 519 Jane Dimmitt Champion 17 HIV in Corrections: Care of Incarcerated and Formerly Incarcerated Persons 539 Jacqueline C. Zalumas Contents ix APPENDICES 559 Appendix I: Federal and State Resources for HIV/AIDS-Related Information, Guidelines, and Data 561 Appendix II: HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS-Related Serial Publications 569 Appendix III: Federal, International, and Independent HIV/AIDS-Related Organizations 585 INDEX 611

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"This is an excellent reference for those caring for clients with HIV/AIDS. I strongly recommend this book." --Doody's HIV/AIDS is no longer a certain death sentence. Patients fighting the chronic symptoms of HIV/AIDS are now living longer, fuller lives due to recent scientific and pharmaceutical br
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