The Person with HIV AIDS: Nursing Perspectives, Fourth Edition

663 Pages·2009·1.93 MB·English

by  Jerry D. Durham PhD RN FAAN

The Person with
HIV/AIDS
Nursing Perspectives
FOURTH EDITION
Jerry D. Durham, PhD, RN, FAAN, is Professor of Nursing and Chancellor of Allen
College, Waterloo, Iowa. Prior to assuming his current position, he served as Vice-
Chancellor of Academic Affairs at the University of Missouri at St. Louis. He has
also held leadership positions at Indiana University School of Nursing, Mennonite
College of Nursing, and Illinois Wesleyan University. Dr. Durham has earned six
university degrees, including three in nursing and a doctorate in higher education
administration. In addition to his role as an educator, he has held positions as a staff
nurse, clinical manager, private practitioner in mental health nursing, and consul-
tant in education and research. He was among the first researchers to investigate
the nature of private practice in psychiatric nursing. He has received two fellow-
ships in ethics from National Endowment for the Humanities. From 2006 through
2008 Dr. Durham cochaired the Emerging and Infectious Diseases Expert Panel of
the American Academy of Nursing.
Felissa R. Lashley (formerly Felissa L. Cohen), PhD, RN, FAAN, FACMG, is profes-
sor emeritus and immediate past dean of the College of Nursing, Rutgers, the State
University of New Jersey. Dr. Lashley is also dean emeritus and professor emeritus
of the School of Nursing at Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. She previ-
ously served as professor and Head of the Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing
at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) College of Nursing; Clinical Chief
for Medical-Surgical Nursing at UIC Hospital and Clinics; and associate professor
in the Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, UIC. Dr. Lashley received
her doctorate in human genetics with a minor in biochemistry from Illinois State
University. She is certified as a PhD Medical Geneticist by the American Board of
Medical Genetics (the first nurse to be so certified) and is a founding fellow of the
American College of Medical Genetics. Dr. Lashley began her practice of genetic
evaluation and counseling in 1973. She has authored more than 300 publications.
Dr. Lashley was the first nurse to serve on the AIDS Research Review Committee,
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health
(NIH). She was a member of the HIV Nursing Clinical Advisory Committee of
the National AIDS Education and Training Centers, HRSA Bureau of Health
Professions. In 2005, she received the “Woman of Excellence” award from the New
Jersey Women and AIDS Network.
The Person with
HIV/AIDS
Nursing Perspectives
FOURTH EDITION
JERRY D. DURHAM, PhD, RN, FAAN
FELISSA R. LASHLEY, PhD, RN, FAAN, FACMG
EDITORS
NEW YORK
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Ebook ISBN: 978–0–8261–2138–7
09 10 11 / 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The person with HIV/AIDS: nursing perspectives/Felissa R. Lashley, Jerry
D. Durham, [editors].—4th ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8261-2137-0
1. AIDS (Disease)—Nursing. I. Lashley, Felissa R., 1941– II. Durham,
Jerry D.
[DNLM: 1. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome—nursing. 2. HIV
Infections—nursing. WY 153.5 P467 2009]
RC606.6.P47 2009
616.97'920231—dc22
2009029810
The authors and the publisher of this Work have made every effort to use sources
believed to be reliable to provide information that is accurate and compatible with
the standards generally accepted at the time of publication. Because medical sci-
ence is continually advancing, our knowledge base continues to expand. Therefore,
as new information becomes available, changes in procedures become neces-
sary. We recommend that the reader always consult current research and specific
institutional policies before performing any clinical procedure. The authors and
publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages
resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance on, the informa-
tion contained in this book. The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence
or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in
this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or
will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Printed in the United States of America by The Hamilton Printing Company
I dedicate this book to my wife, Kathy, for her enduring love and support
throughout our lives together.
—Jerry D. Durham
With love to my wonderful family: Heather Cohen; Neal, Anne, Jacob,
and Grace Cohen; Peter, Julie, Ben, Hannah, and Lydia Cohen; and Ruth
Lashley. In the time since the first edition of this book, HIV/AIDS has
changed from a fatal to a chronic illness. May there be both an effective
vaccine and complete cure before the next edition.
—Felissa R. Lashley
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Contents
Contributors xi
Preface xiii
SECTION I: HIV DISEASE: CORE ISSUES 1
1 HIV Infection and AIDS: Etiology,
Epidemiology, and Transmission 3
Felissa R. Lashley
2 HIV Screening, Testing, and Counseling 51
Donna M. Gallagher
3 The HIV Disease Trajectory 71
Carl A. Kirton
4 Ethical and Legal Dimensions of the HIV/AIDS Pandemic 93
Jerry D. Durham
SECTION II: PREVENTING, DIAGNOSING, AND
MANAGING HIV DISEASE 137
5 Prevention of HIV Infection in the 21st Century 139
Sande Gracia Jones and Carol A. “Pat” Patsdaughter
6 Living with HIV/AIDS 205
David J. Sterken
7 The Medical Management of HIV Disease 221
James L. Raper
vii
viii Contents
8 Managing Symptoms in HIV Disease 293
Michael K. Klebert
9 HIV/AIDS Nursing Case Management Within
the Global Community 321
Deborah Gritzmacher and Richard L. Sowell
SECTION III: SPECIAL POPULATIONS 345
10 Caregivers of People Living with HIV Disease:
Core Concerns and Issues 347
Joan S. Grant, Norman L. Keltner, and James Luther Raper
11 HIV Disease and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and
Transgender Persons 365
J. Craig Phillips and Elizabeth M. Saewyc
12 HIV Disease in Minority Communities: Current Progress
and Future Directions 405
Judith B. Cornelius and Ann C. White
13 HIV Infection in Women 437
Susan W. Gaskins
14 Children and HIV Prevention and Management 461
Mary G. Boland and Deborah S. Storm
15 Aging and the Person Infected with HIV 505
Joe Burrage and David E. Vance
16 Sex Workers and Transmission of HIV 519
Jane Dimmitt Champion
17 HIV in Corrections: Care of Incarcerated and
Formerly Incarcerated Persons 539
Jacqueline C. Zalumas
Contents ix
APPENDICES 559
Appendix I: Federal and State Resources for HIV/AIDS-Related
Information, Guidelines, and Data 561
Appendix II: HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS-Related Serial Publications 569
Appendix III: Federal, International, and Independent HIV/AIDS-Related
Organizations 585
INDEX 611