The Performing Arts: Music and Dance PDF
Preview The Performing Arts: Music and Dance
The Performing Arts World Anthropolog y General Editor SOL TAX Patrons CLAUDE LEVI-STRAUS S MARGARET MEAD f LAILA SHUKR Y EL HAMAMSY M. N. SRINIVAS MOUTON PUBLISHER S · TH E HAGU E · PARI S · NE W YORK The Performin g Art s Music and Dance Editors JOHN BLACKIN G JOANN W . KEALIINOHOMOKU MOUTON PUBLISHERS · TH E HAGUE · PARI S · NE W YORK Copyright© 1979 by Mouton Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced , stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of Mouton Publishers, The Hague ISBN 90-279-7870-0 (Mouton) Indexes by Society of Indexers, Great Britain Jacket photo courtesy of UPI Cover and jacket design by Jurriaan Schrofer Phototypeset in V.I.P. Times by Western Printing Services Ltd, Bristol Printed in Great Britain General Editor's Preface Expressive behavior in the human species, which also provides aesthetic satisfaction, must have been important to human adaptation from earliest times, enabling us to posit that even then there existed "performing arts." Later came the attachment of the arts to specific cultural or symbolic patterns as described by Professor Blacking in his Introduction to this volume. He develops a theory of music which may indeed go beyond music and even the art s to all expressive behaviors which are socially disciplined. This book is the positive result of a venture originating with its senior editor in collaboration with Dr. Justine Cordwell, editor of a companion volume on The visual arts. Her book includes a full descrip- tion of their joint conference on "Art an d Anthropology." That confer- ence preceded the IXth International Congress, which included a major segment on Affective Response in Man, which produced other books in this series on world views and cosmology, religion, shamanism, myths and folklore, and language as well as these on the visual and the performing arts. The Congres s itself brought together people of cultures from all continents to look afresh at anthropology. Like most contemporary sciences, anthropology is a product of the European tradition. Some argue that it is a product of colonialism, with one small and self-interested part of the species dominating the study of the whole. If we are to understand the species, our science needs substan- tial input from scholars who represent a variety of the world's cultures. It was a deliberat e purpos e o f th e IXt h Internationa l Congres s o f Anthropological an d Ethnological Sciences to provide impetus in this direction. Th e World Anthropology volumes , therefor e offe r a firs t glimpse of a human science which members from all societies have played an active role. Each of the books is designed to be self-contained; each is an attempt to update its particular sector of scientific knowledge and is vi General Editor's Preface written by specialists from all parts of the world. Each volume should be read and reviewed individually as a separate volum e on its own given subject. The se t as a whole will indicate what changes are in store fo r anthropology as scholars from the developing countries join in studying the species of which we are all a part. The IXth Congress was planned from the beginning not only to include as many of the scholars from every part of the world as possible, but also with a view toward the eventual publication of the papers in high-quality volumes. At previous Congresses scholar s were invited to bring papers which were then read out loud. They were necessarily limited in length; many were only summarized; there was little time for discussion; and the sparse discussion could only be in one language. The IXth Congress was an experimen t aimed a t changin g this. Papers wer e writte n with th e intention of exchanging them before the Congress, particularly in exten- sive pre-Congress sessions; they were not intended to be read aloud at the Congress, tha t time being devoted to discussions — discussions which were simultaneously and professionall y translated into five languages. The method for eliciting the papers was structured to make as represen- tative a sampl e a s was allowabl e when scholarly creativity — henc e self-selection — was critically important. Scholars were aske d both t o propose paper s of their own and to suggest topics for sessions o f the Congress which they might edit into volumes. All were then informed of the suggestion s and encouraged t o rethink their own papers an d th e topics. The process, therefore , was a continuous one of feedback and exchange and it has continued to be so even after the Congress. The some two thousan d paper s comprisin g World Anthropology certainl y then offer a substantial sample of world anthropology. It has been said that anthropology is at a turning point; if this is so, these volumes will be the historical direction-markers. As might have been foreseen i n the first post-colonial generation, th e large majorit y of the Congres s paper s (8 2 percent ) ar e th e wor k of scholars identified with the industrialized world which fathered our tradi- tional discipline and the institution of the Congress itself: Eastern Europe (15 percent); Wester n Europ e (1 6 percent); Nort h America (4 7 per- cent); Japan, Sout h Africa , Australia, an d New Zealand ( 4 percent) . Only 1 8 percent o f the paper s ar e fro m developin g areas: Africa ( 4 percent); Asia-Oceani a ( 9 percent); Lati n America (5 percent). Aside from the substantial representation from the U.S.S.R. and the nations of Eastern Europe , a significant difference between this corpus of written material and that of other Congresses i s the addition of the large pro - portion of contributions from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. "Only 18 percent" i s two to fou r times as great a proportion a s that o f othe r Congresses; moreover, 18 percent of 2,000 papers is 360 papers, 10 times the number of 'Third World" papers presented a t previous Congresses. General Editor's Preface vi i In fact, these 360 papers are more than the total of all papers published after the last International Congress of Anthropological an d Ethnologi - cal Sciences which was held in the United States (Philadelphia, 1956). The significance of the increase is not simply quantitative. The input of scholars from areas which have until recently been no more than subject matter for anthropology represents both feedback and also long-awaited theoretical contributions from the perspectives of very different cultural, social, and historical traditions. Many who attended th e IXth Congres s were convinced that anthropology would not be the same in the future. The fact that the Xth Congress (India, 1978) was our first in the "Third World" may be symbolic of the change. Meanwhile, sober consideration of the present set of books will show how much, and just where and how, our discipline is being revolutionized. As indicated i n the firs t paragrap h above , ther e ar e in this series a number of books on human affective response which are likely to interest readers o f this volume as well as its companion volum e edited b y Dr. Cordwell. No t mentione d abov e bu t als o o f relevanc e t o th e topic s treated her e ar e book s bearin g o n primatologica l an d archaeologica l beginnings as well as on descriptions of cultural forms in various parts of the world . Chicago, Illinois SO L TAX July 7, 1979 Table of Contents General Editor' s Preface v Introduction by John Blacking xi n PART ONE: MUSIC AND DANC E IN SOCIETY: GENERAL PERSPECTIVES The Study of Man as Music-Maker 3 by John Blacking Toward a Cross-Cultural Conceptualization o f Dance an d Som e Correlate Consideration s 1 7 by Judith Lynne Hanna Culture Change : Functiona l an d Dysfunctiona l Expression s o f Dance, a Form of Affective Cultur e 4 7 by Joann W . Kealiinohomoku PART TWO: CASE STUDIES IN DANCE Totemic Dance s of Armenia 6 7 by E. Kh. Petrosian Kolo na Kolu: The Round upon Round in Yugoslavia 7 3 by Olivera Mladenovic Table of Contents The Study of Folk Dancing in the Soviet Union: Its State and Tasks 7 9 by M. la. Zhornitskaia PART THREE: CROSS-CULTURA L STUDIE S OF THE PERFORMING ARTS Continuity an d Discontinuity in Song Styles: An Ordina l Cross - Cultural Classification 9 3 by S. Lee Seaton and Karen Ann Watson Rice-Planting Music of Chindo (Korea) and the Chügoku Region (Japan) 10 9 by Ruriko Uchida The Status of Women in the Performing Arts of India and Iberia: Cross-Cultural Perspectives from Historical Accounts and Field Reports 11 9 by Bonnie C . Wade an d Ann M . Pescatello PART FOUR: CASE STUDIES I N MUSIC AND FOLKLOR E FRO M ASIA AN D EASTERN EUROP E The Functions of Folk Songs in Vietnam 14 1 by Cong-Huyen-Ton-Nu Nha-Trang The Aboriginal Music of Taiwan 15 3 by Midori D. Himeno Contemporary Musi c of the Maclay Coast 15 9 by B. N. Putilov Rituals and Songs of Weather in Georgian Poetic Folklore 16 7 by Ksenia Sikharulidze On the Hungarian Variants of South Slavic Folk Songs and Tales 17 7 by Madeleine V. Andjelic The Rumanian Folklore Calenda r and Its Age Categories 18 5 by Emilia Compel
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