The Path to Successful Community School Policy Adoption: A Comparative Analysis of District-Level Policy Reform Processes PDF
Preview The Path to Successful Community School Policy Adoption: A Comparative Analysis of District-Level Policy Reform Processes
“Emily Woods has written a timely and important book on the d evelopment of community schools policy in Baltimore and Boston. Providing a rich ethnographic and historical study, Woods places equity and community participation as central considerations if community schools are to go beyond service provision and make a genuine difference in the lives of children and families. The Path to Successful Community School Policy Adoption should be read by community school practitioners, school district leaders, policymakers, and academics interested in understanding and developing community schools.” —Ira Harkavy, Founding Director of the Netter Center for Community Partnerships, University of Pennsylvania “Community schools mobilize the power of community partners to help eliminate barriers to learning. Central to their mission is addressing the out of school factors that are precursors to academic attainment. This book provides a conceptual framework to assess school-district readiness to adopt policies that can lead to comprehensive school reform. The book is a must read for leaders seeking a community focused approach to what schools can do to meet all stakeholders’ needs—holistically and comprehensively.” —JoAnne Ferrara, Associate Dean, Manhattanville College “Emily Woods offers a vivid and insightful analysis into the complicated dynamics of bringing community schools to life in two cities.” —Martin Blank, Founding Director Coalition for Community Schools. Institute for Educational Leadership “Community schools is an emerging strategy that has the potential to reduce the multi-faceted inequities that are prevalent in many schools. This book examines the policy process of implementing the community school strategy in two different school districts. This is a must-read book for stakeholders who are committed to the expansion of community schools.” —Claudia Galindo, Associate Professor of Education Policy, University of Maryland, College Park The Path to Successful Community School Policy Adoption Drawing on rich case studies of Baltimore City and Boston, this volume identifies policy factors and processes critical to the successful district-wide adoption of community schools. By applying the Multiple Streams Model (Kingdon) to c omparative analysis of policy determination and the narratives of local s takeholders across a 16-year period, chapters illustrate the role of federal l egislation, funding, and buy-in from coalitions, community leaders, and local advocates in ensuring policy adoption in Baltimore City. In c ontrast, Boston’s more limited reforms are explained in light of local c hallenges and hindering dynamics. Ultimately, the volume offers key recommendations for stakeholders to drive successful policy uptake in urban school districts. Offering a new analysis of policy for community schools, this volume will be of interest to students, scholars, and researchers with an interest in school reform, as well as urban education. Emily Lubin Woods is Director of Education at the Richard K. Lubin Family Foundation. She previously taught as Adjunct Lecturer in Education at the University of Massachusetts Boston, USA. Routledge Research in Education Policy and Politics The Routledge Research in Education Policy and Politics series aims to enhance our understanding of key challenges and facilitate on-going academic debate within the influential and growing field of Education Policy and Politics. Books in the series include: Nancy Fraser and Participatory Parity Reframing Social Justice in South African Higher Education Edited by Vivienne Bozalek, Dorothee Hölscher and Michalinos Zembylas Educating the Neoliberal Whole Child A Genealogical Approach Bronwen Jones Education Policy and the Political Right The Burning Fuse beneath Schooling in the US, UK and Australia Grant Rodwell Critical Perspectives on PISA as a Means of Global Governance Risks, Limitations, and Humanistic Alternatives Edited by António Teodoro The Path to Successful Community School Policy Adoption A Comparative Analysis of District-Level Policy Reform Processes Emily Lubin Woods For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge. com/Routledge-Research-in-Education-Policy-and-Politics/book-series/ RREPP The Path to Successful Community School Policy Adoption A Comparative Analysis of District- Level Policy Reform Processes Emily Lubin Woods First published 2023 by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 and by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 Emily Lubin Woods The right of Emily Lubin Woods to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Woods, Emily (Emily Lubin), author. Title: The path to successful community school policy adoption : a comparative analysis of district-level policy reform processes / Emily Woods. Description: New York, NY : Routledge, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2022004336 (print) | LCCN 2022004337 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032186641 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032186658 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003255611 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Community schools—United States—Case studies. | School management and organization—United States—Case studies. Classification: LCC LB2820 .W66 2022 (print) | LCC LB2820 (ebook) | DDC 371.030973—dc23/eng/20220503 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022004336 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022004337 ISBN: 978-1-032-18664-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-18665-8 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-25561-1 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781003255611 Typeset in Sabon by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents Acknowledgments x Foreword by Jane Quinn xii About the Author xiv Introduction 1 The Case for Community Schools 5 Why Boston and Baltimore City 7 Boston: Context and Community School History 8 Baltimore City: Context and Community School History 10 How to Navigate This Book 12 1 Understanding Community Schools: History and Context 19 History 19 Understanding Community Schools 21 Considering the Impact of District-Wide Versus Single-Site Initiatives 23 Conclusion: Community Schools as an Equity Strategy 25 2 Theoretical Framework and Methodology for Analyzing Policy Determination Processes 31 Situating Policy Analysis 31 Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Model 32 Derivation of Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Model 32 Multiple Streams Approach: General Overview 33 Applications of the Multiple Streams Model 40 The Multiple Streams Model: Comparing Policy Processes in Boston and Baltimore City 41 viii Contents Literature Gap 42 Conceptual Model for My Study 43 Process Tracing Methodology 44 Comparative Process Tracing 45 Data Collection 46 Participants 48 Data Analysis 48 Site Selection 51 Conclusion 52 3 A Case Study of Boston’s Unrealized Efforts to Establish Community Schools 59 Problem Stream 61 Policy Stream 64 Politics Stream 74 Policy Windows 78 The Policy Entrepreneur 80 What Can We Learn From the Boston Case? 83 4 A Case Study of Baltimore City’s Enabling Yet Nuanced Dynamics 87 Overview of the Baltimore City Story 87 Problem Stream 89 Policy Stream 94 Politics Stream 107 Policy Windows 114 The Policy Entrepreneur 117 What Can We Learn From the Baltimore City Case? 119 5 A Comparative Analysis and Recommendations for Stakeholders/Advocates 124 Problem Stream 124 Policy Stream 126 Politics Stream 129 Policy Windows 132 The Policy Entrepreneur 133 Conclusion: Implications for Policy and Research 134 Contents ix 6 Community Schools Happen With—Not To—A Community 141 Key Findings 141 Community Schools Today in Baltimore City 142 Community Schools Today in Boston 143 Policy and Equity 144 Appendices 147 Index 154
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