THE PALGRAVE INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF EDUCATION FOR CITIZENSHIP AND SOCIAL JUSTICE Edited by Andrew Peterson, Robert Hattam, Michalinos Zembylas, James Arthur The Palgrave International Handbook of Education for Citizenship and Social Justice Andrew Peterson • Robert Hattam • M ichalinos Zembylas • James A rthur Editors The Palgrave International Handbook of Education for Citizenship and Social Justice Editors Andrew Peterson Michalinos Zembylas Faculty of Education Program of Educational Studies Canterbury Christ Church University Open University of Cyprus Canterbury , United Kingdom Latsia , Cyprus Robert Hattam James Arthur Sch of Edu, Mawson Lakes Campus Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues University of South Australia University of Birmingham Magill , South Australia , Australia Birmingham , United Kingdom ISBN 978-1-137-51506-3 ISBN 978-1-137-51507-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-51507-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016950457 © Th e Editor(s) (if applicable) and Th e Author(s) 2016 Th e author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identifi ed as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Th is work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or informa- tion storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Th e use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Th e publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image © Rob Wilkinson / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper Th is Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature Th e registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Th e registered company address is: Th e Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom Acknowledgements Edited, international handbooks are thoroughly dependent on the support and hard work of many people, and this volume is no exception. We have, therefore, a number of people to thank. First and foremost, we are grateful to the many colleagues who found time in their busy schedules to write the chapters. All were a pleasure to work with, and we thank them for making our task as editors a simple one. Second, we owe thanks to our colleagues at Palgrave Macmillan – and, in particular, Andrew James, Eleanor Christie and Laura Aldridge – for their patience and support in bringing this project to fruition. Th ird, and fi nally, we need to thank the young people, teach- ers, colleagues and other friends who have both inspired and challenged us. Th eir views, experiences and practices have been – and remain – a constant reminder of the need to take seriously not only the persistence of social injus- tices, but also how particular responses can off er hope. It is these stories of hope that, in turn, off er positive possibilities for education for citizenship. v Contents Part I Education for Citizenship and Social Justice: Key Th emes and Perspectives 1 1 ‘Race’, ‘Ethnicity’ and Citizenship in Education: Locating Intersectionality and Migration for Social Justice 3 Dina Kiwan 2 Citizenship, Schooling, and ‘Educational Disadvantage’ 27 Robert Hattam 3 Gender, Social Justice and Citizenship in Education: Engaging Space, the Narrative Imagination, and Relationality 49 Jo-Anne Dillabough 4 Sexuality, Gender, Citizenship and Social Justice: Education’s Queer Relations 73 Mary Lou Rasmussen , Rob Cover , Peter Aggleton , and Daniel Marshall 5 Indigenous Peoples and Indigeneity 97 Veronica M. H. Tawhai 6 Disability and Education: More than Just Access 121 Heidi Lourens , Emma Louise McKinney , and Leslie Swartz vii viii Contents 7 Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Education for Citizenship and Social Justice 143 Jody L. McBrien 8 Education for Citizenship and Social Justice: Th e Case of Gypsies, Travellers and Roma 163 Sarah Cemlyn and Andrew Ryder 9 Th e Australian Reconciliation Process: A Case Study of Community Education 187 Andrew Gunstone 10 Global Human Rights 205 Liam Gearon 11 Postcolonial Insights for Engaging Diff erence in Educational Approaches to Social Justice and Citizenship 229 Sharon Stein and Vanessa de Oliveira Andreotti 12 Global Justice and Educating for Globally Oriented Citizenship 247 Andrew Peterson 13 Key Issues in Critical Peace Education Th eory and Pedagogical Praxis: Implications for Social Justice and Citizenship Education 265 Michalinos Zembylas and Zvi Bekerman 14 Th e Place of Religion in Education for Citizenship and Social Justice 285 Alan Sears and Lindsay Herriot Part II Country Case Studies 305 15 Th e Australian Case of Education for Citizenship and Social Justice 307 John Smyth Contents ix 16 Citizenship Education and Social Participation in an Unequal Society: Th e Case of Brazil 327 Ulisses F. Araujo 17 Multiculturalism and Its Contradictions: Education for Citizenship and Social Justice in Canada 347 Abigail B. Bakan 18 Social Justice and Education for Citizenship in England 369 Andrew Peterson and Ian Davies 19 Education for Citizenship at School in France: Trajectory, Tensions and Contradictions 391 Ibrahima Diallo , Mohamed Embarki , and K aouthar Ben Abdallah 20 Hong Kong: Social Justice and Education for Justice-Oriented Citizens in a Politicized Era 411 Shun-Wing Ng and Gail Yuen 21 Education for Democracy, Citizenship and Social Justice: Th e Case of Iceland 435 Brynja E. Halldórsdóttir , Ólafur Páll Jónsson , and Berglind Rós Magnúsdóttir 22 One Size Fits All? An Exploration of the Teaching of Civics in Israel from the Perspective of Social Justice 465 Aviv Cohen 23 México: Educating Citizens for Social Justice in a Highly Unequal Country 485 Leonel Pérez-Expósito 24 Th e Political Rhetoric and Everyday Realities of Citizenship in New Zealand Society and Schools 509 Martin Th rupp x Contents 25 Education for Citizenship Education and Social Justice in Northern Ireland 523 Tony Gallagher and Gavin Duff y 26 Social Justice and Citizenship in Scottish Education 545 Sheila Riddell 27 South Africa: Th e Struggle for Social Justice and Citizenship in South African Education 571 Crain Soudien 28 Citizenship Education Versus Reality: Th e Facts in Spain 593 Concepción Naval and Elena Arbués 29 Citizenship Education and the Colonial Contract: Th e Elusive Search for Social Justice in US Education 613 Zeus Leonardo and Maliheh M. Vafai Index 635 Editors’ Int roduction S ocial justice, citizenship and education are intimately connected, and are so in a myriad of ways. Th e aim of this international handbook is twofold. First, to identify, explore and – where necessary and appropriate – problematize these connections. Second, through the various contributions off ered here, we also aim to identify existing and potential possibilities for disrupting those educational policies, curricula and practices that sustain social injustice, and that result in closed and arbitrarily exclusive forms of citizenship. I ssues of social justice and injustice are wide-reaching – conceptually, geo- graphically and experientially. As such, it is important at the outset that we off er some preliminary thoughts regarding the terms central to this book. In doing so, we are cognisant that there are signifi cant conceptual diffi culties in arriving at clear and tight defi nitions. Indeed, each of the contributions in the handbook off ers its own understanding of the key terms as relevant to the particular conceptual frameworks and contextual factors at hand – and that is as it should be. Nevertheless, as we planned this handbook our interest lay in social justice understood broadly as being concerned with notions of equity and fairness in the distribution of resources within given spaces (local, national and transna- tional, for example); the recognition of particular, and often multiple, iden- tities; and access to democratic decision-making processes. As the chapters in this handbook make clear, education is integrally connected to questions of social justice in a number of ways, including how education systems and processes respond to and challenge – or, indeed, reinforce – issues of social (in)justice. C learly, where social injustice occurs, questions of citizenship (or non- citizenship) are inevitable, raising signifi cant questions for the education and xi