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The Palgrave Handbook of Urban Development Planning in Africa Edited by Meleckidzedeck Khayesi Francis Nyongesa Wegulo The Palgrave Handbook of Urban Development Planning in Africa · Meleckidzedeck Khayesi Francis Nyongesa Wegulo Editors The Palgrave Handbook of Urban Development Planning in Africa Editors Meleckidzedeck Khayesi Francis Nyongesa Wegulo Geneva, Switzerland Department of Geography Egerton University Egerton, Kenya ISBN 978-3-031-06088-5 ISBN 978-3-031-06089-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06089-2 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: © AfriPics.com/Alamy Stock Photo This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This book is dedicated to the memory of Mary Khanyanji Khayesi and Joan Fairhurst, two contributors who passed on while the book was under preparation. Foreword I launched the preparation of this book at Egerton University in Kenya on 30 July, 2018. At that time, I was the Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Academic Affairs at Egerton University in Kenya. Since then, Egerton University has facilitated the preparation of the book through the Department of Geography. The key contribution of this book is not in publishing new research on urban development planning in Africa but in distilling and making avail- able in a synthesized form the findings of existing research to provide an information resource for use by policymakers, practitioners, decision-makers and researchers. While there is a need for new research, it is important to consolidate existing research in an easy form that can be utilized by several people. The details covered in the chapters reveal the rich knowledge resource avail- able for overall urban development planning in Africa or for specific issues such as population, poverty, energy, transport, water and recreation. The authors have synthesized several studies to provide key insights on methods, theories, core findings and case studies that should inform current urban development planning in African countries. I congratulate the editors and authors for bringing this book to a good conclusion and challenge them to update it from time to time. I look at this edition as the first step in a process that should see the editors and authors of this book and/or other researchers updating the chapters and even adding new themes in the coming years. Alexander Kahi Egerton University Njoro, Kenya vii viii FOREWORD Acknowledgements We are grateful to the authors, Egerton University, Felicia Yieke, staff of Palgrave MacMillan and our families for their contributions and support that made it possible for this handbook to come to fruition. Contents 1 Navigating the Urban Development Planning Landscape in Africa 1 Meleckidzedeck Khayesi and Francis Nyongesa Wegulo 2 Planning Cultures 17 Andrea Garfinkel-Castro, Winnie V. Mitullah, and Michael A. Larice 3 Political Management and Governance 49 Felix Kiruthu 4 Agriculture 75 Reniko Gondo and Joseph E. Mbaiwa 5 Financial Resources 105 Raphael Ngolo and Rodney Asilla 6 Population Planning and Management 141 Reniko Gondo 7 Managing Poverty 165 Humphreys W. Obulinji 8 Public Transport Services 197 Meleckidzedeck Khayesi 9 Water Management 225 Gladys Moraa Marie Nyachieo and Martin M. Magu 10 Rural–Urban Linkages 247 Francis Nyongesa Wegulo 11 Recreation Planning and Management 291 Wycliffe W. Simiyu Njororai ix x CONTENTS 12 Air Quality 327 William S. W. Busolo and Victor Isanda Njabira Index 373 Notes on Contributors Asilla Rodney is a trained teacher and social science researcher by profes- sion. He holds a Master of Research and Public Policy degree from Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya; and a Bachelor of Education degree from Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. He teaches the French Language and Literature in English, as well as Research Methods at Egerton University, Kenya. Busolo William S. W. holds a M.Sc. degree in Architecture from the Univer- sity of London, United Kingdom and a Bachelor of Architecture, University of Nairobi, Kenya. He is currently the Principal Architect and Director at Inter- shelter Sullivan Architects. He is also a lecturer at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology in the school of Architecture and Building Sciences, Department of Landscape Architecture, where his interests are in urban design, regional planning and housing. Garfinkel-Castro Andrea is a doctoral candidate at the University of Utah. Her research focuses on planning culture—the ideas and beliefs planners draw on as they carry out the work of planning. Her dissertation focuses on under- standing how planning in the United States differs at the national and local levels and how these cultures respond to changing socio-spatial contexts. The Black Lives Matter movement provides a temporal context to change by exam- ining ways planners are addressing planning’s aspirations-outcomes equity gap, an unreconciled discrepancy between stated intentions to plan equitably and outcomes that fall short of these aspirations and community needs. She is also launching a non-profit organization to carry out a pedestrian safety research and education project that seeks to implement and test low-cost pedestrian safety measures. Gondo Reniko holds a Ph.D. degree from the University of Botswana. He obtained his M.Sc. and B.Sc. Degrees at Bindura University of Science Educa- tion and Zimbabwe Open University (Zimbabwe), respectively. He is a Senior Research Fellow at the Okavango Research Institute (ORI), University of xi