The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History PDF
Preview The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History
THE PALGRAVE DICTIONARY OF ANGLO-JEWISH HISTORY THE PALGRAVE DICTIONARY OF ANGLO-JEWISH HISTORY Edited by William D. Rubinstein Professor of History, University of Aberystwyth, UK Associate Editors Michael A. Jolles and Hilary L. Rubinstein © William D. Rubinstein, Michael A. Jolles and Hilary L. Rubinstein 2011 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2011 978-1-4039-3910-4 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2011 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-51951-4 ISBN 978-0-230-30466-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230304666 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 Contents Introduction vii Abbreviations Used in the Text ix Abbreviations Used in the Source Notes xvi Glossary xix Entries 1 Introduction The aim of this work is to provide a com- If such a work contains entries on 1000 prehensive reference tool that provides subjects, there is certain to be a 1001st information on the main institutions, most signifi cant; if it contains entries on local communities, and events in the 2000 subjects, there is similarly a 2001st history of the Jewish people in Britain most important. Should a second edition since their Readmission in 1656, as well of this work ever appear, any regrettable as biographical information about a large omissions will be made good, as well number of Jewish achievers and notable as corrections made to any inaccurate figures. It is intended as a companion assertions. volume to a parallel work, edited by Dr It will naturally be asked ‘Who is a Joe Hillaby, which surveys medieval Jew?’ for the purposes of inclusion in Anglo-Jewry. This present volume also this work. There is no easy answer to this includes entries on the handful of Jews question, and we have, within reason, or noteworthy persons of Jewish descent defi ned as Jewish for the purposes of known to have lived in England during inclusion anyone who was or is regarded the period 1290–1656, when no organ- as Jewish or regarded themselves as ised Jewish community existed here. Jewish. We have also included notable The entries in our work are largely the fi gures with one Jewish parent, again we product of three contributors: Professor hope in a reasonable way. There are, of William D. Rubinstein as General course, many questionable or ambiguous Editor, and Dr Michael A. Jolles and Dr cases, for example among notable indi- Hilary L. Rubinstein as associate edi- viduals practising a religion other than tors. Some contributions were made Judaism (such as Benjamin Disraeli and by Dr John Cooper, Stephen W. Massil, Bishop Hugh Montefi ore), or who were Rabbi Jonathan A. Romain, and Edgar atheists connected with the Jewish com- R. Samuel. This project has been sup- munity only loosely or not at all (such ported by the Jewish Historical Society as Karl Marx), or who concealed their of England, the eminent historical body Jewish background (such as Leopold founded in 1893, to whom the editors Amery). In such cases as these, we have are deeply grateful. We also appreciate tried to err on the side of inclusion rather the support of Michael Strang, our edi- than exclusion. It is inconceivable, for tor at Palgrave Macmillan. example, that a work such as this could This work is far more comprehensive omit Benjamin Disraeli, despite the fact than any similar publication known to that from the age of 12 he was a member us, and is intended to be the fi rst refer- of the Church of England. We should also ence work consulted by anyone interested note that the compilers of this work do in an Anglo-Jewish subject. As lengthy not constitute a Beth Din, and can make as it is, it can plainly not be truly com- no ex cathedra rulings on anyone’s status prehensive. Especially regarding living according to Halakhah, but try only to persons and current Jewish institutions, be governed by common sense. Omitted it is doubtless guilty of omitting many are people sometimes presumed to have worthy of inclusion. A work such as this been Jewish, even by Jewish sources, is necessarily fi nite in content, while the but whose reputed Jewishness is either range of signifi cant persons and institu- erroneous or completely unsupported tions is certainly far larger. Space has by available evidence: these include been a constraining factor throughout. from the nineteenth century Salvation viii Introduction Army founder William Booth, impres- achievements in the wider world. We ario and dramatist Sir Augustus Glossop have also tried to provide biographical Harris, and actor Lewis Waller and from information that goes beyond existing the twentieth theatrical producer Lilian sources where this is inadequate. To take Baylis and MPs Thomas Myers and Sir one example, the date of death of George Henry Norman. We have, for the histor- Ernest Spero, an early Jewish Labour ical record, included some halakhically MP, has hitherto been unknown, but we Jewish Christians from the past, such have ascertained that he died in 1976 in as Sir Henry Newbolt, whose colourful Belgrade, Yugoslavia. There are probably Jewish forebear also appears in these dozens of other cases about which this pages. But we have excluded the present- work provides such missing data. day celebrities Marianne Faithfull and No one who even casually dips into Katie Price, who both happen to have this work can fail to be impressed by had a Jewish maternal grandmother. the extraordinary – indeed, singular Several notable converts to Judaism, and often almost unbelievable – range such as Lord George Gordon, have been of achievement shown by those with incorporated, as well as a few promin- entries here, in virtually every imagin- ent philosemites, such as the Rev. James able fi eld. For a community that never at Parkes. The symbol ■ before an entry any time numbered more than (at most) indicates, at a glance, a non-Jew. Please about 400,000, whose members often note that * indicates a cross- reference, arrived here penniless and unable to and that Frankfurt is Frankfurt-am-Main speak a word of English, and who faced unless otherwise specifi ed. Individuals whatever antisemitism there was in bearing surnames with foreign prefi xes British society, this is a truly remarkable such as De or Van have been entered record, evidence alike of Jewish ability with the suffi x fi rst, except in the case of and of at least the relative openness of non-Britons and of the de Rothschilds, British society. In particular, the chil- since we found it expedient to have all dren and grandchildren of those who the Rothschild entries together. We have arrived from Eastern Europe between usually entered peers under their sur- 1880 and 1914, and, especially, of the names rather than their titles; however, seemingly innumerable high achiev- Ellen Odette Cuffe (née Bischoffsheim), ers who came as refugees from Nazi Countess of Desart, appears under Germany in the 1930s, are so numerous Desart, for it was by her title that she was in this work as to be astonishing. They known to the public. were often crucially helped by a range Automatically included in this work of Anglo-Jewish institutions, although (up to mid-2010) are all Jewish MPs, life they had their way to make. This work peers, hereditary peers when fi rst cre- also charts the broad trends in Anglo- ated, baronets, and knights, all Jewish Jewish life, for example in the polit- Fellows of the Royal Society (except ical sphere the movement of the com- those having foreign membership), and munity (with many exceptions) from a range of other categories of Jewish Liberalism to Labour to Conservatism, achievers. While it has been easy among and the breakdown of the Anglo-Jewish these categories to decide whom to religious consensus. We hope that the include, it is of course those whose inclu- range and impressive nature of the sion is a subjective rather than objective careers of the individuals included here matter which presents the most diffi - will provide not merely information but culties. There is also a basic dichotomy also inspiration. between those who were notable for their achievements within the Jewish WILLIAM D. RUBINSTEIN community, and those notable for their [email protected] Abbreviations Used in the Text AA Automobile Association BCL B achelor of Civil Law AAA Amateur Athletic Association BCom, AC C ompanion, Order of BComm B achelor of Commerce Australia BD Bachelor of Divinity AERE A tomic Energy Research BEF British Expeditionary Force Establishment BHL Bachelor of Hebrew Letters AFRAeS A ssociate Fellow, Royal BLit Bachelor of Literature Aeronautical Society BLitt Bachelor of Letters AGM Annual General Meeting BOAC British Overseas Airways AINA A ssociate, Institute of Naval Corporation Architecture Bt baronet AJA Anglo-Jewish Association BM Bachelor of Medicine; AJEX A ssociation of Jewish Bachelor of Music; British Ex-Servicemen and Women Museum AJHS A ustralian Jewish Historical BMA British Medical Association Society BMJ British Medical Journal aka also known as BPhil Bachelor of Philosophy ANU A ustralian National University BSC British Steel Corporation AO Officer, Order of Australia BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ARA Associate, Royal Academy BUF British Union of Fascists ARCM A ssociate, Royal College of Music BUPA British United Provident Association ARE A ssociate, Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers c circa ARGS A ssociate, Royal Cantab [of] Cambridge Geographical Society (cantabriensis) ARIBA A ssociate, Royal Institute of CB Companion, Order of the British Architects Bath ARP Air Raid Precautions CBE Commander, Order of the British Empire AUT A ssociation of University Teachers CBI Confederation of British Industries BAFTA British Association of Film and Television Arts CCJ Council of Christians and Jews BBC B ritish Broadcasting Corporation CCNY City College of New York
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