The Oxford History of English Lexicography: Volume I: General-Purpose Dictionaries; Volume II: Specialized Dictionaries Two-volume set (Two Volume Set) PDF
Preview The Oxford History of English Lexicography: Volume I: General-Purpose Dictionaries; Volume II: Specialized Dictionaries Two-volume set (Two Volume Set)
THE OXFORD HISTORY OF ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY VOLUME I GENERAL-PURPOSE DICTIONARIES This page intentionally left blank THE OXFORD HISTORY OF ENGLISH L E X I C O G R A P H Y Volume I General-Purpose Dictionaries Edited by A. P. Cowie CLARENDON PRESS . OXFORD 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork #EditorialmatterandorganizationA.P.Cowie2009 #Thechapterstheirvariousauthors2009 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2009 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Dataavailable TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedandboundinGreatBritain by MPGBooksLtd,Bodmin,Cornwall ISBN 978-0-19-928562-4 Vol I 978-0-19-928560-0 Vol II 978-0-19-928561-7 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 contents Preface vii Contents of Volume II ix Notes on Contributors xi List of Illustrations xv List of Abbreviations xvi 1. Introduction 1 A. P. Cowie PART I EARLY GLOSSARIES; BILINGUAL AND MULTILINGUAL DICTIONARIES 2. Glosses, Glossaries, and Dictionaries in the Medieval Period 17 Hans Sauer 3. Bilingual and Multilingual Dictionaries of the Renaissance and Early Seventeenth Century 41 Janet Bately 4. Bilingual Dictionaries of the Late Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 65 Monique C. Cormier 5. Bilingual Dictionaries of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 86 Carla Marello 6. Bilingual Dictionaries of English and Russian in the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Centuries 105 Donna M. T. Cr. Farina and George Durman PART II THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH MONOLINGUAL DICTIONARIES 7. The Early Development of the English Monolingual Dictionary (Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries) 131 N. E. Osselton vi contents 8. Johnson and Richardson 155 Allen Reddick 9. Major American Dictionaries 182 Sidney I. Landau 10. The OxfordEnglish Dictionary 230 Lynda Mugglestone 11. The OED Supplements 260 Charlotte Brewer 12. National and Regional Dictionaries of English 279 Richard W. Bailey 13. Dictionaries of Scots 302 Margaret Dareau and Iseabail Macleod 14. The Period Dictionaries 326 Michael Adams 15. Dictionaries of Caribbean English 353 Jeannette Allsopp 16. The Electronic OED: the Computerization of a Historical Dictionary 378 Edmund Weiner References 410 Dictionaries and relatedreference works 410 Other references 430 Index 451 preface ItisnotuncommonforabookofthescaleandcomplexityofTheOxfordHistoryof English Lexicography to undergo at the planning stage a number of major trans- formations. This was the case as the present project got under way, and certain major decisions can be recalled here whose implementation shaped the eventual contentandstructureoftheHistory.Theexpertadviceofreadersplayedanessential partinthisprocessandIexpressmyappreciationtothemall.Iespeciallywelcomed theinvolvementofWernerHu¨llen.Hegavefreelyofhisexpertadviceandcontrib- utedachapterwhichdrewonhisunequalledknowledgeofthesauri.Bythesaddest ofironies,hedidnotlivetoseethebooktowhichhehadcontributedsomuch. Werner recommended that we should adopt a chronological approach throughout the work—then consisting of three volumes, of which the thirdwas nothistoricallyoriented—otherwisewewouldfailtomeettheexpectationsraised bythetitle‘The Historyof ...’.Adoptingthissuggestionledtothebreakingupof VolumeIII,withmuchofitscontentbeingincorporatedintheothervolumes. This redistribution of material sometimes brought multiple beneWts. In Vol- ume II the emphasis was from the beginning topical. But it is sometimes forgotten that, in the History, there is constant interaction between the topical and the historical. The chief focus of interest throughout the second volume might be topic or use, but the dictionaries were often listed, analysed, and discussed in a historical dimension. Such interaction existed in the case of learners’ dictionaries. They had a shared function in that all were concerned withthelinguisticneedsofforeignstudents,buttheyalsorepresentedahistorical progression—Hornby coming to prominence in the mid-1930s, Sinclair in the early1980s.ButitsohappenedthateachoftheEFLdictionariespublishedinthe intervening years was associated with a development in grammatical and/or lexicalresearchandtheapplicationofeachtodictionarydesign.Thusthevarious strandsofhistoricalprogression,specializationaccordingtousersanduses,and involvementinrelevantresearchanddevelopmentwereseentointeract—andin the design of the Historycould bebroughtto bear illuminatingly on eachother. At an early stage, I had considered the possibility of introducing English- speaking readers to some of the achievements of other national traditions in lexicography. However, experience of drawing up the detailed plan, and the views of referees, brought home the diYculty of doing full justice to a tradition viii preface such as the French in fewer than two additional volumes. Those ambitious but unrealizableaimswerethereforeabandoned.Yetthecomparativeperspectivehas not been neglected altogether. A quarter of the list of contributors consists of German, Italian, Russian, Belgian and French-Canadian scholars who, quite apart from having expertise in particular areas of English lexicography, are well able toview theirchosen Welds fromwithin a broader European perspective. Earlier, I expressed my indebtedness to the specialist readers for their help in arriving at a suitable framework for the History. But I have beneWted also from advice and support given by contributors to the book itself. For his invaluable guidanceonmanymattersandespeciallyforhiscommentsonanearlierdraftof the Introduction Iexpress my warmest thanks to Noel Osselton. Thierry Fonte- nellehasbroughthisexpertisetobearonvarioustechnicalproblemsandforthis tooIamverygrateful.Sidney Landau,also,hasgiveninvaluable supporttothis project.Notonlyhasheprovidedhelpfuladvicebuthealso,atveryshortnotice, agreed to provide a chapter on the American collegiate dictionary, to which his experience as lexicographer and editor lends unrivalled authority. John Davey, Consultant Editor at Oxford University Press, has from the beginning been closely involved with the History. It was he who came to me withtheideaofabookdevotedtothehistoryofEnglishlexicographyandkindly invited me to edit it. I have since then been the beneWciary of expert technical advice,aclearsenseofdirection,andunfailingencouragement,andIoweJohna profound debt of gratitude. I am also indebted to his colleagues at Oxford University Press, especially Karen Morgan and Chloe Plummer, who have sup- ported him in his central role. Finally,no thankswould be complete without some reference to the practical and moral support provided by my wife, Cabu, throughout the progress of the History. A full measureof thanks goes to her. A.P.Cowie Leeds,December2007 contents of volume ii Preface vii Contents of Volume I ix Notes on Contributors xi List of Illustrations xv List of Abbreviations xvii Introduction 1 A. P. Cowie PART I DICTIONARIES SPECIALIZED ACCORDING TO ORDERING OF ENTRIES, TOPICAL OR LINGUISTIC CONTENT, OR SPEECH COMMUNITY 1. Dictionaries of Synonyms and Thesauri 25 Werner Hu¨llen 2. Scientific and Technical Dictionaries 47 Michael Rand Hoare 3. Dictionaries of Place-names 94 Carole Hough 4. Dictionaries of Personal Names 122 Patrick Hanks 5. Pronouncing Dictionaries—I Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 149 Joan C. Beal 6. Pronouncing Dictionaries—II Mid-Nineteenth Century to the Present Day 176 Beverley Collins and Inger M. Mees 7. Syntagmatic and Phraseological Dictionaries 219 Thomas Herbst and Michael Klotz
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