The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt PDF
Preview The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt
the oxford handbook of roman egypt Map of Egypt in the Roman Period, showing key sites mentioned in the text. the oxford handbook of ROMAN EGYPT Edited by C HRISTINA R IGGS 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox2 6dp, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2012 Th e moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2012 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Library of Congress Control Number: 2012930322 ISBN 978–0–19–957145–1 Printed in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Contents List of Figures i x List of Tables xv List of Contributors x vi List of Abbreviations and Conventions xix Introduction 1 Christina Riggs PART I LAND AND STATE 1. A egypto Capta : Augustus and the Annexation of Egypt 11 Friederike Herklotz 2. Between Water and Sand: Agriculture and Husbandry 22 Katherine Blouin 3. Manufacture, Trade, and the Economy 38 Matt Gibbs 4. Government, Taxation, and Law 56 Andrea Jördens 5. Th e Roman Army in Egypt 68 Rudolf Haensch 6. Th e Imperial Cult in Egypt 83 Stefan Pfeiffer PART II CITY, TOWN, AND C HORA 7. Alexandria 103 Marjorie S. Venit 8. Settlement and Population 122 Laurens E. Tacoma 9. Archaeology in the Delta 136 Penelope Wilson vi contents 10. Th e Archaeology of the Fayum 152 Paola Davoli 11. Th e Th eban Region under the Roman Empire 171 Adam Łajtar 12. Classical Architecture 189 Donald M. Bailey 13. City of the Dead: Tuna el-Gebel 205 Katja Lembke 14. Th e University of Michigan Excavation of Karanis (1924–1935): Images from the Kelsey Museum Photographic Archives 223 T. G. Wilfong PART III PEOPLE 15. Status and Citizenship 247 Andrea Jördens 16. Identity 260 Katelijn Vandorpe 17. Th e Jews in Roman Egypt: Trials and Rebellions 277 Andrew Harker 18. Families, Households, and Children 288 Myrto Malouta 19. Age and Health 305 Walter Scheidel PART IV RELIGION 20. Religious Practice and Piety 319 David Frankfurter 21. Coping with a Diffi cult Life: Magic, Healing, and Sacred Knowledge 337 Jacco Dieleman 22. Egyptian Temples 362 Martina Minas-Nerpel 23. Funerary Religion: Th e Final Phase of an Egyptian Tradition 383 Martin Andreas Stadler contents vii 24. Oracles 398 Gaëlle Tallet 25. Isis, Osiris, and Serapis 419 Martin Bommas 26. Imported Cults 436 Gaëlle Tallet and Christiane Zivie-Coche 27. Egyptian Cult: Evidence from Temple Scriptoria and Christian Hagiographies 457 Martin Andreas Stadler 28. Christianity 474 Malcolm Choat PART V TEXTS AND LANGUAGE 29. Language Use, Literacy, and Bilingualism 493 Mark Depauw 30. Papyri in the Archaeological Record 507 Arthur Verhoogt 31. Latin in Egypt 516 T. V. Evans 32. Greek Language, Education, and Literary Culture 526 Amin Benaissa 33. Hieratic and Demotic Literature 543 Friedhelm Hoffmann 34. Egyptian Hieroglyphs 563 David Klotz 35. Coptic 581 Malcolm Choat PART VI IMAGES AND OBJECTS 36. Funerary Artists: Th e Textual Evidence 597 Maria Cannata 37. Portraits 613 Barbara E. Borg viii contents 38. Terracottas 630 Sandra Sandri 39. Pottery 648 Jennifer Gates-Foster 40. Mummies and Mummifi cation 664 Beatrix Gessler-Löhr 41. Nilotica and the Image of Egypt 684 Molly Swetnam-Burland PART VII BORDERS, TRADE, AND TOURISM 42. Travel and Pilgrimage 701 Ian C. Rutherford 43. Th e Western Oases 717 Olaf E. Kaper 44. Th e Eastern Desert and the Red Sea Ports 736 Jennifer Gates-Foster 45. Between Egypt and Meroitic Nubia: Th e Southern Frontier Region 749 László Török Index 763 List of Figures 1.1 Silver denarius of Octavian, later the emperor Augustus, commemorating the annexation of Egypt 1 8 2.1 Fields near Timai el-Amdid (ancient Th muis) 23 5.1 Front and back of the fi rst tablet of an incised bronze document known as a military diploma, 3 March 179 ce 7 0 5.2 Th e most important fortifi ed settlement in the stone-quarrying district of Mons Claudianus 71 5.3 M ummy portrait of a Roman soldier, c .160–70 ce 78 6.1 Th e temple of Augustus on the island of Philae 88 6.2 Architrave fragment from the temple of Augustus on the island of Philae 89 6.3 Imperial cult chapel in front of the fi rst pylon of Karnak temple 90 7.1 Th e harbour of Alexandria, as viewed from the Metropole Hotel in 1994 103 7.2 P lan of Alexandria in the Roman period 105 7.3 Column of Diocletian (‘Pompey’s Pillar’), erected in 293 ce 1 06 7.4 Early twentieth-century postcard of the Column of Diocletian (‘Pompey’s Pillar’), erected in 293 ce 1 06 7.5 ‘Cleopatra’s needle’: New Kingdom obelisk of Th utmose II, reinscribed by Ramesses II, from Heliopolis. Erected in Alexandria under Augustus, and now in Central Park, New York City 1 11 7.6 Mosaic emblema of a Medusa head, c .150 ce 115 7.7 Moustapha Pasha Tomb 1, doorway to k line and burial rooms, with Egyptianizing sphinxes 116 7.8 Kom el-Shuqafa, ‘Hall of Caracalla’, Persephone Tomb 2, late fi rst to early second century ce 117 7.9 Tigrane Tomb, painting on the back wall of the left niche above the sarcophagus, second century ce 118 9.1 Kom el-Ahmar in the western Delta, an example of a ‘typical’ settlement site continuing from the Ptolemaic to the Roman period 137 9.2 Map with ‘Roman’ period sites, mostly as identifi ed on the Egypt Exploration Society Delta Survey, to show the potential abundance of Roman period archaeology 142 9.3 Sketch map of Naukratis with areas of Roman sherding indicated aft er fi eldwalking 144 9.4 Plan of the Roman villa at Athribis (Tell Atrib) 147 9.5 Sketch map of Athribis (Tell Atrib) with Roman fi nd spots and the sites of Polish excavations, to show the possible form of the Roman city against the small areas excavated 148
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