Table Of Content

THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF METAPHYSICS Edited by MICHAEL J. LOUX AND DEAN W. ZIMMERMAN OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © the several contributors 2003 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2003 First published in paperback 2005 All rights reserved. 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Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 0-19-825024-X 978-0-19-825024-1 ISBN 0-19-928422-9 (Pbk.) 978-0-19-928422-1 (Pbk.) 13579108642 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are due to Peter Momtchiloff, who provided help and encouragement at every stage of this project. Thanks also to Margaret Jasiewicz, Cheryl Reed, Tina Elkins, Linda Lange, and David Manley, who worked on the preparation of the manuscript. And special thanks to Noell Birondo, who handled the page proofs and oversaw the final stages of the project. CONTENTS Notes on the Contributors x Introduction 1 MICHAEL J. Loux DEAN W. ZIMMERMAN PART I UNIVERSALS AND PARTICULARS 1. Nominalism 11 ZOLTAN GENDLER SZABO 2. Platonistic Theories of Universals JOSHUA HOFFMAN AND GARY S. ROSENKRANTZ 3. Individuation 75 E. J. LOWE PART II EXISTENCE AND IDENTITY 4. Identity 99 JOHN HAWTHORNE 5. Existence, Ontological Commitment, and Fictional Entities 131 PETER VAN INWAGEN PART III MODALITY AND POSSIBLE WORLDS 6. The Problem of Possibilia 161 KIT FINE Vlll CONTENTS 7. Reductive Theories of Modality 180 THEODORE SIDER PART IV TIME, SPACE-TIME, AND PERSISTENCE 8. Presentism 211 THOMAS M. CRISP 9. Four-Dimensionalism MICHAEL C. REA 10. Space-Time Substantivalism GRAHAM NERLICH 11. Persistence through Time 315 SALLY HASLANGER PART V EVENTS, CAUSATION, AND PHYSICS 12. Events 357 PETER SIMONS 13. Causation and Supervenience MICHAEL TOOLEY 14. Causation in a Physical World 435 HARTRY FIELD 15. Distilling Metaphysics from Quantum Physics TIM MAUDLIN CONTENTS IX PART VI PERSONS AND THE NATURE OF MIND 16. Material People 491 DEAN W. ZIMMERMAN 17. The Ontology of the Mental 527 HOWARD ROBINSON 18. Supervenience, Emergence, Realization, Reduction 556 JAEGWON KIM PART VII FREEDOM OF THE WILL 19. Libertarianism CARL GINET 20. Compatibilism and Incompatibilism: Some Arguments 613 TED WARFIELD PART VIII ANTI-REALISM AND VAGUENESS 21. Realism and Anti-Realism: Dummett's Challenge MICHAEL J. Loux 22. Ontological and Conceptual Relativity and the Self 665 ERNEST So SA 23. Vagueness in Reality TIMOTHY WILLIAMSON Index 717 NOTES ON THE CONTRIBUTORS Thomas M. Crisp, Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Florida State University. Hartry Field, Professor of Philosophy at New York University. Kit Fine, Professor of Philosophy at New York University. Carl Ginet, Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Cornell University. Sally Haslanger, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. John Hawthorne, Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University. Joshua Hoffman, Professor of Philosophy at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Jaegwon Kim, Founce Professor of Philosophy at Brown University. Michael J. Loux, Schuster Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame. E. J. Lowe, Professor of Philosophy at Durham University. Tim Maudlin, Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University. Graham Nerlich, Professor of Philosophy at Adelaide University. Michael C. Rea, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame. Howard Robinson, Member of the Faculty of Philosophy at the Central European University. Gary S. Rosenkrantz, Professor of Philosophy at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Theodore Sider, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University. Peter Simons, Professor of Philosophy at Leeds University. Ernest Sosa, Elton Professor of Natural Theology and Professor of Philosophy at Brown University. Zoltan Gendler Szabo, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Cornell University. Michael Tooley, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Colorado at Boulder. NOTES ON THE CONTRIBUTORS Xl Peter van Inwagen, O'Hara Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame. Ted Warfield, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame. Timothy Williamson, Professor of Philosophy at Oxford University and Fellow of New College. Dean W. Zimmerman, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University.