The Oxford Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World PDF
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THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSICAL WORLD This page intentionally left blank THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSICAL WORLD Edited by JOHN PETER OLESON OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2008 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam CopYTight © 2008 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Oxford handbook of engineering and technology in the Classical world / edited by John Peter Oleson. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-518731-1 1. Technology-Rome-History-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Technology-Greece-History Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Engineering-Rome-History-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Engineering-Greece-History-Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Oleson, John Peter. T16.O94 2007 609.38-dc22 2007010727 135798642 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper For Martha, Olaf, and Patience "For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also" (Luke 12:34) This page intentionally left blank ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The editor is deeply grateful to the scholars who agreed to take time from their busy schedules of research and publication to contribute to this book. I believe that our collaboration has been fruitful and that the total of our contributions far exceeds the sum of the individual parts. I am also grateful to Professor Jamie A. Cassels, vice president academic of the University of Victoria, and to Professor Andrew Rippin, dean of humanities, for some teaching release and research funding associated with the award of a Distinguished Professorship, and to my colleagues in the department of Greek and Roman Studies for their explicit and implicit support of my research endeavors. I am also very grateful to Derek Sou, who provided admirably meticulous proofreading services during the preparation of this volume, and to Milorad Nikolic, who translated chapter 12 from German and read over some other materials. Ms. Martina Mussi assisted me in the translation of chapter 22 from Italian, and I myself translated chapter 23 from the French manuscript. I benefited from consultation concerning various matters with my colleagues Dr. Gregory Rowe and Dr. Brendan Burke. I am also grateful to the many members of the editorial staff at Oxford University Press who assisted me in improving the manuscript and producing a useful and attractive book. Several authors have asked that their acknowledgments be included in the book, and I have listed these here, in order to avoid footnotes and addenda in the individual chapters. Dr. Kevin Greene acknowledges with gratitude that his chapters incorporate research conducted during the tenure of a British Academy Research Readership with support from the School of Historical Studies of Newcastle University. His definitions of invention and innovation benefited from discussions with Professor David Edgerton (Imperial College) and Claudia Durrwachter (Newcastle Uni versity). Professor Andrew I. Wilson wishes to thank the Leverhulme Trust for the award of a Philip Leverhulme Prize, which funded a period of research leave during which he prepared three chapters for this book. Dr. Lynne Lancaster expresses her gratitude for the comments and insights of Fikret Yegiil on an early draft of the manuscript of her chapter, and to Sandra Lucore for sharing her work on the bath building at Morgantina, which is the subject of her doctoral dissertation at Bryn Mawr. This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Contributors, xiii Abbreviations and Spelling Norms, xvii Introduction, 3 John Peter Oleson PART I SOURCES 1. Ancient Written Sources for Engineering and Technology, 15 Serafina Cuomo 2. Representations of Technical Processes, 35 Roger Ulrich 3. Historiography and Theoretical Approaches, 62 Kevin Greene PART II PRIMARY, EXTRACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES 4. Mining and Metallurgy, 93 Paul T. Craddock 5. Quarrying and Stoneworking, 121 J. Clayton Fant 6. Sources of Energy and Exploitation of Power, 136 6rjan Wikander 7. Greek and Roman Agriculture, 158 Evi Margaritis and Martin K. Jones 8. Animal Husbandry, Hunting, Fishing, and Fish Production, 175 Geoffrey Kron
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