The Oxford Handbook of Analytical Sociology PDF
Preview The Oxford Handbook of Analytical Sociology
the oxford handbook of ANALYTICAL SOCIOLOGY This page intentionally left blank the oxford handbook of ....................................................................................................................... ANALYTICAL SOCIOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... Editedby PETER HEDSTRÖM and PETER BEARMAN 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork ©Theseveralcontributors2009 Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2009 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData TheOxfordhandbookofanalyticalsociology/editedby PeterHedströmandPeterBearman. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferences. ISBN 978–0–19–921536–2 1. Sociology. 2. Sociology–Philosophy. I. Hedström,Peter. II. Bearman,Peter. HM585.0984 2009 301–dc22 2009013905 TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby CPIAntonyRowe,Chippenham,Wiltshire ISBN 978–0–19–921536–2 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 cknowledgments A .................................................................... This book would not have come into existence without the generous support of severalindividualsandinstitutions.WewishtothankFletcherHaulleyatColumbia forhismanagerialandeditorialworkandforhiscarefulattentiontodetail.Wealso wanttothanktheYaleSchoolofManagementfororganizingoneoftheworkshops atwhichdraftsofthechapterswerepresented,theparticipantsattheseworkshops fortheirvaluablecomments,andtheRockefellerFoundation’sBellagioCenterfor providingpeaceandtranquilityatacriticaljuncture.Finallywewanttothankour home institutions—the Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy at ColumbiaandNuffieldCollegeatOxford—forpartialfunding,andDominicByatt at Oxford University Press for the detailed feedback we have received from him throughouttheproject. ontents C .................................... ListofFigures ix ListofTables xii AbouttheContributors xiv PART I FOUNDATIONS 1. WhatisAnalyticalSociologyAllAbout?AnIntroductoryEssay 3 PeterHedström and PeterBearman 2. AnalyticalSociologyandTheoriesoftheMiddleRange 25 PeterHedström and LarsUdehn PART II SOCIAL COGS AND WHEELS 3. Emotions 51 JonElster 4. Beliefs 72 JensRydgren 5. Preferences 94 JeremyFreese 6. Opportunities 115 TrondPetersen 7. Heuristics 140 DanielG.Goldstein 8. Signaling 168 DiegoGambetta 9. Norms 195 JonElster contents vii 10. Trust 218 KarenS.Cook and AlexandraGerbasi PART III SOCIAL DYNAMICS 11. SocialDynamicsfromtheBottomUp:Agent-basedModels ofSocialInteraction 245 MichaelMacy and AndreasFlache 12. SegregationDynamics 269 ElizabethBruch and RobertMare 13. Self-FulfillingProphecies 294 MichaelBiggs 14. SocialInfluence:ThePuzzlingNatureofSuccessin CulturalMarkets 315 MatthewJ.Salganik and DuncanJ.Watts 15. TheContagiousnessofDivorce 342 YvonneÅberg 16. Matching 365 KatherineStovel and ChristineFountain 17. CollectiveAction 391 DeliaBaldassarri 18. ConditionalChoice 419 MeredithRolfe 19. NetworkDynamics 447 JamesMoody 20. ThresholdModelsofSocialInfluence 475 DuncanJ.Watts and PeterDodds 21. TimeandScheduling 498 ChristopherWinship 22. HomophilyandtheFocusedOrganizationofTies 521 ScottFeld and BernardGrofman 23. Status 544 JoelPodolny and FredaLynn viii contents 24. DominanceHierarchies 566 IvanChase and W.BrentLindquist 25. Conflict 592 StathisKalyvas PART IV PERSPECTIVES FROM OTHER FIELDS AND APPROACHES 26. GameTheory 619 RichardBreen 27. Experiments 639 IrisBohnet 28. Surveys 666 HannahBrückner 29. AnalyticEthnography 688 DianeVaughan 30. HistoricalSociology 712 KarenBarkey NameIndex 734 SubjectIndex 751 ist of igures L F ...................................................... 1.1Micro–macrorelationsassuperveniencerelations 10 1.2Macrodynamicsfromasupervenienceperspective 11 1.3Individualpreferencesandneighborhoodsegregation 13 1.4ThestructureofasexualnetworkinanAmericanhighschool 15 2.1Generality,isolation,andthedefiningcharacteristicsof middle-rangetheories 29 2.2Coleman’smicro–macroscheme 33 2.3JonElster’stwo-filtermodel 34 2.4AnalyticaldistinctionsintroducedinMerton’sanalysisofthe unanticipatedconsequencesofsocialaction 35 2.5Thelogicofself-fulfillingpropheciesandMattheweffects 39 3.1Thestandardmodelofrationalchoice 53 3.2Amodelofemotionalchoice 56 3.3Theultimatumgame 60 3.4Patternsofdecayofemotion 61 3.5Causesof‘short-termism’ 69 7.1Threesiblings’responsestoatestonthehundredlargestcities inGermany 147 7.2AccuracyofthedecisionrulestestedbyCzerlinski,Goldstein,and Gigerenzer(1999)infittingversusprediction 154 7.3Distributionofknowledgeina‘hiddenprofile’scenario 157 7.4IndividualandsociallearningasmodeledbyToddandDieckmann (2005)andGarcia-Retamero,Takezawa,andGigerenzer(2006) 161 7.5Correctinferencesundervarioussociallearningrulesaftera hundredpairedcomparisons 162 8.1Asignalingmodelinwhichtwosignalersfacedifferentcoststoemit thesamesignalintensity(afterJohnstone1997) 176 8.2Asignalingmodelinwhichtwosignalersobtaindifferentbenefits fromthesamereceiver’sresponse(afterJohnstone1997) 178 8.3Genealogyofsignalingtheory 187
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