The Oxford Handbook of American Political Parties and Interest Groups PDF
Preview The Oxford Handbook of American Political Parties and Interest Groups
the oxford handbook of AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES AND INTEREST GROUPS the oxford handbooks of AMERICAN POLITICS G C. E III GENERALEDITOR: EORGE DWARDS TheOxfordHandbooksofAmericanPoliticsisasetofreferencebooks offeringauthoritativeandengaging criticaloverviewsofthestateof scholarship on American politics. Each volume focuses on a particular aspect of the field. The project is under the General Editorship of George C. Edwards III, and distinguished specialists in their respective fields edit each volume. The Handbooks aim not just to report on the discipline, but also to shape it as scholars critically assess the current state of scholarship on a topic and propose directions in which it needs to move. The series is an indispensable reference for anyone working in American politics. the oxford handbook of ................................................................................................................................................................ AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES AND INTEREST GROUPS ................................................................................................................................................................ Edited by L. SANDY MAISEL and JEFFREY M. BERRY 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork #Theseveralcontributors2010 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2010 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009938565 TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby CPIAntonyRowe,Chippenham,Wiltshire ISBN 978–0–19–954262–8 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 A CKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................ Wehaveconsultedwithmanycolleaguesaswehaveundertakenthetaskofediting this volume. Each of us is honored to have served as chair of the Political Organizations and Parties Organized Section (POP) of the American Political Science Association. The extent to which members of that group share their work and their ideas enriches our field and represents the best tradition of social scientistsbuildingontheworkofthosewhohavecomebefore.Wearegratefulto themembersofPOP,manyofwhomhavewrittenforthisvolumeandmanymore ofwhoseworkisreferencedinthesepages,forbeingcolleaguesinthebestsenseof theword.Ofcourse,weareparticularlygratefultoourcolleaguesandfriendswho havecontributedto thisvolume. We are also among a small subset of academics who have spent virtually our entire careers at one institution—Colby College in the case of Maisel; Tufts University for Berry. We want to thank our institutions and our departmental colleagues for their support as we have developed as scholars in this field. Maisel would also like to thank Sarah Whitfield, his research assistant, who accepted the responsibilityforcompilingtheListofReferencesthatfollowsthechaptersinthis book. George Edwards, the general editor for the series of handbooks of which this volumeis apart,flattered usbyasking ustoundertake thiswork.We aregrateful fortheconfidenceheshowedinusandforhisassistanceandguidancethroughout. WealsowouldliketothankDominicByatt,oureditoratOxfordUniversityPress. Wehaveeachworkedwithaseriesofeditorsthroughoutourcareer.Wehaverarely come across an editor who has been as accommodating as has he. We would also liketothankLizzySuffling,LouiseSprake, andLaurienBerkeley. Finally, as is always the case, producing awork likethis requires blocks of time thatmighthavebeenspentwithothers.Ourwivesknowhowmuchweappreciate their understanding atthesetimes—butwewant tosay it in anycase. L.S.M. J.M.B. This page intentionally left blank C ONTENTS .......................................... List ofFigures xi List ofTables xii Abbreviations xiii About theContributors xv PART I INTRODUCTION 1. The StateofResearch onPolitical Parties andInterest Groups 3 L.SandyMaiselandJeffreyM.Berry PART II THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES 2. TheoriesofParties 21 JohnH.AldrichandJeffreyD.Grynaviski 3. Interest Group Theory 37 AndrewMcFarland 4. Methodological Issues inthe StudyofPolitical Parties 57 HansNoel 5. Methodological Perspectives onInterest Groups 77 ScottAinsworth PART III PARTY HISTORY 6. American Political Parties: History,Voters, Critical Elections, andPartySystems 97 JoelH.Silbey viii contents 7. The Evolution andAlterationofAmerican PartyCoalitions 121 MarkD.Brewer 8. The Party Faithful:Religion andPartyPolitics inAmerica 143 JohnC.Green PART IV PARTIES IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS 9. PartyNominating Procedures andRecruitment—State andLocal Level 165 RaymondJ.LaRaja 10. How PartiesNominate Presidents 185 WilliamG.Mayer 11. The RoadLessTaken: NewDirectionsin American PartyPolitics 204 DanielM.Shea 12. Winning Isn’t Everything:Third Parties andthe American Two-PartySystem 222 RonaldB.Rapoport PART V PARTY ORGANIZATION 13. The Evolution ofNational PartyOrganizations 245 PaulS.Herrnson 14. ThePurePartisanInstitution: NationalPartyConventions asResearch Sites 264 ByronE.Shafer 15. Activists, Influence, andRepresentationin AmericanElections 285 WalterJ.Stone 16. Political PartiesandConsultants 303 DavidB.Magleby contents ix PART VI PARTY IN GOVERNMENT 17. What aDifference Twenty-FiveYearsMakes: Changing Perspectiveson Parties andLeaders inthe USHouse 323 DavidW.Rohde 18. PartisanModelsandthe Searchfor PartyEffectsin theUSSenate 339 BarbaraSinclair 19. PartyCoalitionsin theUSCongress:Intra-v.Interparty 358 DavidW.Brady 20. The President,PartyPolitics, andConstitutional Development 377 SidneyM.MilkisandJesseH.Rhodes 21. State Parties Research:The Questfor Strong, Competitive StateParties 403 GeraldC.Wright PART VII INTEREST GROUPS: BIAS AND REPRESENTATION 22. WhoSingsinthe Heavenly Chorus?TheShapeof the OrganizedInterest System 425 KayL.Schlozman 23. The Mobilization andInfluence ofBusiness Interests 451 MarkA.Smith 24. SocialandEconomicJustice Movements andOrganizations 468 DaraZ.StrolovitchandM.DavidForrest 25. The Comparative Advantageof StateInterest OrganizationResearch 485 DavidLoweryandVirginiaGray 26. UrbanInterest Groups 502 JeffreyM.Berry
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