THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN ELECTIONS AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN POLITICS GENERAL EDITOR: GEORGE C. EDWARDS III The Oxford Handbooks of American Politics is a set of reference books offering authoritative and engaging critical overviews of the state of scholarship on American politics. Each volume focuses on a particular aspect of the field. The project is under the General Editorship of George C. Edwards III, and distinguished specialists in their respective fields edit each volume. The Handbooks aim not just to report on the discipline, but also to shape it as scholars critically assess the current state of scholarship on a topic and propose directions in which it needs to move. The series is an indispensable reference for anyone working in American politics. THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF AMERICAN ELECTIONS AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR Edited by JAN E. LEIGHLEY Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © The several contributors 2010 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Library of Congress Control Number: 2009938801 Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by CPI Antony Rowe ISBN 978–0–19–923547–6 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 CONTENTS List of Figures List of Tables Abbreviations About the Contributors PART I INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction JAN E. LEIGHLEY PART II RESEARCH DESIGN 2. The State of Survey Research as a Research Tool in American Politics LONNA RAE ATKESON 3. Optimizing Survey Questionnaire Design in Political Science: Insights from Psychology JOSH PASEK AND JON A. KROSNICK 4. Laboratory Experiments in American Political Behavior KIM L. FRIDKIN AND PATRICK J. KENNEY 5. Field Experiments and the Study of Political Behavior TIFFANY C. DAVENPORT, ALAN S. GERBER, AND DONALD P. GREEN 6. Formal Modeling, Strategic Behavior, and the Study of American Elections JOHN H. ALDRICH AND ARTHUR LUPIA PART III PARTICIPATION 7. Why is American Turnout So Low, and Why Should We Care? MICHAEL D. MARTINEZ 8. American Voter Turnout in Historical Perspective MICHAEL P. MCDONALD 9. Expanding the Possibilities: Reconceptualizing Political Participation as a Toolbox FREDRICK HARRIS AND DANIEL GILLION 10. Voter Registration: Turnout, Representation, and Reform ROBERT D. BROWN 11. Early, Absentee, and Mail-In Voting ROBERT M. STEIN AND GREG VONNAHME 12. Digital Democracy: How Politics Online is Changing Electoral Participation KAREN MOSSBERGER AND CAROLINE J. TOLBERT 13. Voting Technology R. MICHAEL ALVAREZ AND THAD E. HALL PART IV VOTE CHOICE 14. The Study of Electoral Behavior LARRY M. BARTELS 15. The American Voter WILLIAM G. JACOBY
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