The Oxford Handbook of African American Language PDF
Preview The Oxford Handbook of African American Language
The Oxford Handbook of A F R I C A N A M E R I C A N L A N G UAG E The Oxford Handbook of AFRICAN AMERICAN LANGUAGE Edited by SONJA LANEHART 1 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file at the Library of Congress ISBN 978–0–19–979539–0 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Contents List of Figures xi List of Tables xvii Acknowledgments xxi About the Editor xxiii List of Contributors xxv Language Use in African American Communities: An Introduction 1 Sonja Lanehart and Ayesha M. Malik PART I ORIGINS AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES 1. The English Origins Hypothesis 23 Gerard Van Herk 2. The Creole Origins Hypothesis 35 John R. Rickford 3. The Emergence of African American English: Monogenetic or Polygenetic? With or Without “Decreolization”? Under How Much Substrate Influence? 57 Salikoko S. Mufwene 4. The Origins of African American Vernacular English: Beginnings 85 Donald Winford 5. African American English over Yonder: The Language of the Liberian Settler Community 105 John Victor Singler 6. Documenting the History of African American Vernacular English: A Survey and Assessment of Sources and Results 125 Edgar W. Schneider vi Contents 7. Regionality in the Development of African American English 140 Walt Wolfram and Mary E. Kohn PART II LECTS AND VARIATION 8. The Place of Gullah in the African American Linguistic Continuum 163 Tracey L. Weldon and Simanique Moody 9. Rural Texas African American Vernacular English 181 Patricia Cukor-Avila and Guy Bailey 10. African American English in the Mississippi Delta: A Case Study of Copula Absence and r-Lessness in the Speech of African American Women in Coahoma County 201 Rose Wilkerson 11. African American Voices in Atlanta 219 William A. Kretzschmar, Jr. 12. African American Language in Pittsburgh and the Lower Susquehanna Valley 236 Jennifer Bloomquist and Shelome Gooden 13. African American Phonology in a Philadelphia Community 256 William Labov and Sabriya Fisher 14. African American Language in New York City 280 Renée Blake, Cara Shousterman, and Luiza Newlin-Łukowicz 15. African American Vernacular English in California: Over Four Decades of Vibrant Variationist Research 299 John R. Rickford 16. The Black ASL (American Sign Language) Project: An Overview 316 Joseph Hill, Carolyn McCaskill, Robert Bayley, and Ceil Lucas 17. The Sociolinguistic Construction of African American Language 338 Walt Wolfram Contents vii PART III STRUCTURE AND DESCRIPTION 18. Syntax and Semantics in African American English 355 Lisa J. Green and Walter Sistrunk 19. The Systematic Marking of Tense, Modality, and Aspect in African American Language 371 Charles E. DeBose 20. On the Syntax-Prosody Interface in African American English 387 James A. Walker 21. Segmental Phonology of African American English 403 Erik R. Thomas and Guy Bailey 22. Prosodic Features of African American English 420 Erik R. Thomas PART IV CHILD LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT 23. Language Acquisition in the African American Child: Prior to Age Four 439 Brandi L. Newkirk-Turner, RaMonda Horton, and Ida J. Stockman 24. The Development of African American English through Childhood and Adolescence 454 Janneke Van Hofwegen 25. Development of Variation in Child African American English 475 Lisa J. Green and Jessica White-Sustaíta 26. Narrative Structures of African American Children: Commonalities and Differences 492 Tempii B. Champion and Allyssa McCabe 27. Some Similarities and Differences between African American English and Southern White English in Children 512 Janna B. Oetting viii Contents 28. Assessing the Language Skills of African American English Child Speakers: Current Approaches and Perspectives 526 Toya A. Wyatt PART V EDUCATION 29. African American Language and Education: History and Controversy in the Twentieth Century 547 Geneva Smitherman 30. Managing Two Varieties: Code-Switching in the Educational Context 566 Monique T. Mills and Julie A. Washington 31. Balancing Pedagogy with Theory: The Infusion of African American Language Research into Everyday Pre-K–12 Teaching Practices 582 Sharroky Hollie, Tamara Butler, and Jamila Gillenwaters 32. History of Research on Multiliteracies and Hip Hop Pedagogy: A Critical Review 603 K. C. Nat Turner and Tyson L. Rose 33. African American Vernacular English and Reading 617 William Labov and Bettina Baker 34. Dialect Switching and Mathematical Reasoning Tests: Implications for Early Educational Achievement 637 J. Michael Terry, Randall Hendrick, Evangelos Evangelou, and Richard L. Smith 35. Beyond Bidialectalism: Language Planning and Policies for African American Students 659 John Baugh PART VI LANGUAGE IN SOCIETY 36. African American Church Language 677 Charles E. DeBose 37. The (Re)turn to Remus Orthography: The Voices of African American Language in American Literature 691 James Braxton Peterson Contents ix 38. African American Language and Black Poetry 706 Howard Rambsy II and Briana Whiteside 39. African American Divas of Comedy: Staking a Claim in Public Space 723 Jacquelyn Rahman 40. The Construction of Ethnicity via Voicing: African American English in Children’s Animated Film 740 Jennifer Bloomquist 41. SWB (Speaking while Black): Linguistic Profiling and Discrimination Based on Speech as a Surrogate for Race against Speakers of African American Vernacular English 755 John Baugh PART VII LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY 42. Racializing Language: Unpacking Linguistic Approaches to Attitudes about Race and Speech 773 Kate T. Anderson 43. African American Standard English 786 Arthur K. Spears 44. African American English in the Middle Class 800 Erica Britt and Tracey L. Weldon 45. African American Women’s Language: Mother Tongues Untied 817 Marcyliena Morgan 46. Black Masculine Language 834 David E. Kirkland 47. Hip Hop Nation Language: Localization and Globalization 850 H. Samy Alim 48. African American Language and Identity: Contradictions and Conundrums 863 Sonja Lanehart Author Index 881 Subject Index 897
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