The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church

1821 Pages·1997·118.11 MB·English

by  F. L. Cross, E. A. Livingstone

THE OXFORD
DICTIONARY OF THE

CHRISTIAN
CHURCH

Butea by FL. CROSS

ird Elven elie by
E. A, LIVINGSTONE

OXEORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
997
nent ies oa et 68 es Pe

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ro Sa Sc
PREFACE

‘rive fiat edcnn of ths Dicrasacs tae an iments woes, lanham By aNgon es6ept
jerkaps the Have, sho had sows ol y gop in ers pasounge house ot Cte unary, I de
header #lbsaed ts publation ft -éy, the nuvard praciscs af The Cure wadenst

ys uapated fey sir megan in mr hr, anny aa pple ase
xed wie Second Vala Cuanel {ugh gi, cbouzh tir rigs canter. be eaeee eae. Te
Tiago changes in te RC Church ana is more Uber saute beh co iblalsehouship ane
isware whee comraunions sere relleced in axe second iting, ublihvd im rp. Vie et
twcrry yous ooo ths okt inane ee marked che erie prod bate iceead in srengt,
"Satycs in practice ay bare seen ee dame hae peraapsvmore Faiduenil, The shslerger
tn ezepted othodowy eneapralated in emaise Thes.2a, Labeeaton “Vheology, ana one
postive evalzaton of vibe rlpons hase mage syrcfoane changes iat ile and choot of the
Curch. Peminist Theology: for instance, bas promoted a new peispecie on cxe poscon of
two in she Church and Cindvscly eke dione tering Si the evinaioy of women ©
fhe pest (and epusnpate) i some pare of the Chee sich Care Cachlic continu:
The me :nsibes wbick base arisen our of thee apprcuches have also Jeé > changes in the
fedenterding af cane a the ol baste dycirnes Donna aries seh cull remale
(aula inthe seed ian save often had wo be cerned cake atcuont of this thinking.
‘There bas also been prallelresnance en change alm samning far cesainty, celled in
senngih oF Frangrhmde ia Frghrad of Punonentats pars the 4, aa ithe
ction of Orturdows forthe Wester. Worl. The maioney of Christians ace wow in Ali,
Bain and Sooth Ameries, nut Eurepe and Nor Amwtica, This enn endesvour to retied
erage ieludng ew aril on 9 ser of esas wol separa teed i the pot

an -rrening The vere of Frangeleal Byarre Wl icles mee event blir
‘eee Ste may Tel thee tts rh af th, hut St Gregory the Cent commented tha he
‘Sree wus in wih ln rsy gah al leans si ale ditionary of is
ia en wn provide fa Simla range endere Wal we per le ales jt wa
ser need, and with irl Ina ee ks ae xan shisle susie ell
Borel

Thetis edition ts lol Uh. personal wurk othe Red Dr F.C. Cros ited by a sal
feoop ot heer wha, wih 3 Few exeprins, were jutiar When the wack hegun, even i rey bald
‘in is hy ehe tne ie wae pabsked, Fore scond edor, he conemuione. che Re. Revd
Dr KT, Wate to lL gape st the coverage of Eatetn Orthodesy Af De Crees’ dest, 4
vondenfly generous group of his #ends and coleag-s, ted by 11 & W. Tune the Revd Pred.
HLF-D. Spurs, and Dr Je Maso, sled round and pric ito s-vies che colleagucs and
Faris ce Reeve Myr T.D, Crichran and the Re Reve Sige. Ly L. MeRoa lake ater
Uhanges RC Hturgs aul anon he, Much of eee work has sood the et of tne vod suri

‘hes edition. i which sine of ther: hive contibuted new mtv.
“Tae hind edigon s ure af a corporate clot, sath a frger umber uf sober rimrinoang
ei expertise, To all cf Cae Tam imunensely greta, and ic on them that xe Dictnary
‘ves hatter merit may ave. Lem expecially Srdebted on 32 Kevd Prof, MF Wiles, who

"se Eat eB Nase
Preface

cnootteged me n de bepinnig and has prosided wine guidance wenever I :an ito problems
that scemed insuperable, on De Andrew iulky ha las Wet, pay artes 20d fr far

oe bas penerauel pues oy spss! his immense caring, 09 Dr Bao] Jores, ta Reed Prot
J Baron. eke Revd GM. Seve, ard cae Rend RC. Motean, who ceused stiles an Eibcl
bret; o Prof, Teter rust. who wnue om subjects acching Roman haters, 0 BY SP. Ves
‘oho oko ater munch todo witb rhe Middle Esa tu ie el HE, J. Covey, wha eld ene
hoor medieal Popes cnd ether Cezchmen, co the Yery Revd Dr Sinem Togyel, OP, wha
‘oote ales an fielded queries abou: mates af spicuaey and Lovmiican histey; to te
Kerd 7, F, Motu, the Rev Dp Digmmaid Motillck, and Dr Achar Rea, wa cage
se atoot tke Reformatow; ko he Res Robert Ombres, OT, and he Reed De ST. Pit whe
Inked wPer the exis ow tanom la i the RC and Anglia. Churches eespectiver: ind te Prat
4 HBatiape and De D. Herd who goed men hingy Aon ead it he Res Dr
GP. Nortel Ean hon Tsouza glance over Noneonforily, ene besond een che second
titi ead the sean eliing Tom ir tn enor, posing mt what nel tet at every
Thr Cin Aone raters af Poiban agree ener pentane ner ale wo esp
1h a lpi sapretian and ike Revd Dy. WE PM ent slegh the hk sheng re
porns seg ur abresice what wa hig impartan wd suggesting pee the led
Hose the eorvihutrs Tiel peti al he tu de bp meres 19 musa DS
rare wh Mave sumer ils pete Lam Sneha oe abvce gn trv eter
Reed F.W.F. Azar, Prof]. W. Allin, Rad ho G lees de Sruta, Me Arter, Revd
Andriosen, SJ, Re Revd Dr GW. Adbhy, the Ine Canon J GB. Asoworth, Mine Rasen
Dreyer, Be AE. Baie, Mise 1012. Basel Pot 7 SE, Rar, Pru BW HoT, Fe le Pr
€.P- Barua), Wiss Vidanie Harber, Dr Alcrandra Barry, Re RevdT. usin. Pro. P. Fae,
IMA. S Tall Reed Thm Aidan Rellenger, OSM. DB Renu, Ri Resd JM. Biever,
KLVO, De Gis Bil, DHE, Mis fan Bhodwocth, M. F, Bocas, Mr ho 2, Bale,
Sr MU lisa, OSU, M. ML Unesuir, Resd W. Houten, Revd Dr Tannavé File, OP,
Ms Ann Bradsbue, Heed Dr Braésha, Read J. Thads, Revd 1 FM. rales, SJ. Mis
GM. Khiggs the te Canon HUM. Bown, Br Misbdls fF Brawn, RE. Ruré Me Brow,
Rew Thomas brown, SSM, Canon W. R.. Urewuing, Me David liruson, De Ck Bryant
Miss A-Mucban. Dr Charles Warner, che lace Re Kevé Ur U. Bae, OSU, Mes C. Dude,
MeP-A Birres, Revd G. M. Cag, Uarrabite, Reed D. A. Ganeton, Reed L1G. Campbell,
SSE, De G. N. Canter, Revd Dr Elizabet D-IL Cathie, Revd Danie Laseta, CM, Revd
1G.R Chapman, Hevd Uraeme Chae, kevd Lhuw Ghipen, Conon TR, Chie, Me Calin
T Corisan, Revd K. Claus Mr A. WF Coghill the bee ir LS Ca chester, Ms G
Cotitam, Revd De Richard Conrad, OW, Ne M, Canvas, Ment Rew Dz Nnuce Coase de
Murrile the Ice Or. W, Coley, Mrs Dactara Cooesland, Revd Dr Engent Caocsin de Vaca,
fe} B Caran, 0 Mark Curthuys the lee Cane 1B Tb, kewd WW Deva, oe bite
Canon E, T, Lvs, Dr G1, Dace, be awe Reed DrR, E, Dasie, Revi Thomas Dist, CM,
Trot, A.C. den Sace, OBL, PUA. Mis Lele Deonen, Or G. &M. de Ste Czas, Dart dale
the Vogt, OSF. Revd! GR Diivork, OD, tir Ales Diva, FSC, Ris [.M. ¥. {hunny
Re Reed Wirharl Tare De, Red Prof, Dusan, CHE, Rend Ts 1 Tages, Rei
G.D'Ues, OP, Revd. Pére 4. Duy, OD, Min F, R, Ekrharh, Reed J.T, Hn, Revd Prof
8 Fyre, PBA, the lp Re Pi A. aa, Pro Je M. Fate: Rel Sues Foe, OP,
1B. wun Pir P| Tethock, Cam J. Ponts, al Dr Pal §. Fun, Br Teka Er,
De R A, Flicher, DSC, OBE, Reed De T.§. Flran, ODy Mes M. J Tox, Revd Er. Gali,
OR, Prof D. Gaus, Revd J. Garon, Revd A. Cilzsore, Reed R. J. Giahy Me J.P. Gdn,
i, Red Ronald Cioedan, ir R. J Gite, Te MD, Giddy, BB, Cis Sle B,J Gran,
Reed Henadice Gicen, Cl, Meteppairan P. Creporos, Me Srepten Gregory, MP Cina
Preface

Guilin, Pol HL F. Gite, Mr RE Garner, Reed Dany Rabu Hevcke, OSB, Me I. T. Tl
Rend Tots 5. G. tall, Resd Seige Elallete, Reve Dr 8. } Tliburtor, Prot. M. Hil, Oe
Alene Thug, Re. Revd Mgr G. A Hoy, Dr Fuh Thal thy ne Very Revd Dr & W Henen,
the ne Miss W. A. G. Hleringun, Prof VM Thre. Rt. Revd Dorp Giles (Il, OSD, Me
1 W. Lledmarch, the late Revd Pai W. 3. Vannebusch, OP, Dr Mary Hobbs, Pru P.M
Hag FRA, Pro? A.M Touré, FRA, Mr David 1. Hoon, Mise B. Morey MF Hone,
ev Auatin Hersey, SM. Revd Ulrich Hrs, OP. Dr hives Horaan Iobawto, - Reed Dr
LW. A. lows, Lr Deva Lovley Very Revd E, Taber, S},Rerd Ur Gurdon Elin. Revd
‘ans Tangs CIP, Me, Trin, Ret! Rin hers a, Re Miquel Yea, CP, Bre Reo
hesson, Dr B, W, Jes, Me R, G. fhe, Com Hrs A. Key, Sie tathune Rena,
PB, De F. J King, Met Sophie Kiang, Revd JM. Kniahe, Misa A, 8 Kroes, Reed Prof
M. Tash, $f, Mr] B. Taek, 4 J Lathaw, Sy Prof CH Taqsend, Mire]. @. MEK. Tans,
tele Resd Def 8 Lawton, Red Dr A Lease onynglany, Very Reed Reatie Fain, Prof
WW. Hlebetchuets, Rad Dr TE. Lenhatd SJ. Dr S.N-E. Tis, Most Resd F. @. Tale, Mir
GWE Langley Mr ML HE Tavoas, Reed Dar. M.VeCneg, Se Revd Gnherine T. Via
Dal, Reta Re A. Metivelin, Pr. De Maia Leaner Muachacc de Sous, KI. Res Ig
1.6, MeKennu, De. M. Miaobcre, Dr Joan Medico, FA, MT. Madésea, Achim
sfte JUL Maitiné Moi, Reed Dr G. A. Maley, SJ, De WS. Mali, Revd Gonege Mal,
OF, Riss nck Mars, Mr JK. Mrtin, Prt ALC. Matthew, PBA, DeD.L. Mealind,
-owd Renzn Meneghini, TMC. Revd Dr i. Metage, M. Hubert Meser, Revd 1dr Deans
Mims, OF, Very Revd P. R. Michal, the le Pro! k. Molland, rie te Revd. ere
Monier, SJ, Mr Mitkas! Manigumers, DF Deus! Morgan, Rea. Sowatfird, Canoo
ACA Mason, Mr David Murph. Revd A. Nason, Me S. Nain che lae burg Reva Micha)
epics Cong. Ova he ar Base TJ Nasa, Canon CIS. Naar, Re Reed Dr Metal Naz Al,
M)-D. R Rewtinuse Me. Bocll, Mrs M. Mio, De) 0. W Norse, De Ragaer Notun,
Krol Ur D. Nerwuod, ed ML. KO U'Ualecon, Sf, Very Rew! Dom Alexie Olser, OSI
Revd De E, Paola, Ov. Muss KY Paneer, Ms J TT Parker, Or Philp Paenden. che ice
Canon B.C. Paws, Revd DL A. R, Povenele, MIF, Revd Toran Pérez Vemid, OP, Me
DAC. Perenon, M4 Pierre Pemengin, Hof ML Wilonenkix Mr Ned Panner, De Cob
Tedance, i Alex Popes, Ur Karen Pot, 2 Ie Ll, F Pring Mill BA, Cazon D, Pecbers,
De Tlow Pryce, Revd. Reamancitae, $111 Nigel T. Rateay, Tr} Resrth, Res Bar
1D, Des, OSE, Kerd M. Ren Je IU, W Reid, Me. H.Biee, Me. Wiehe, Reed
GM, Roberts, Nir K. Robinson, Or rank E, Rubson, OFF, Rev 17, Rooke, Canon Temes ML
Boeembel, Reve G. We, Racing Prof B.Rowall Very Revd Parick Ryall, OSM, Very Reed
Jeet a Savers, SM, Revd AW, Sle, Reed Andee Savile. Ri, eed Loe Card
Seuinburs, OF, Kewl Dom Jetemiay Sohridke, OSB, Revd Bhan Greys Soul, OSB, Me
RD. Sot, Reed Shirl, OFM, Reed Prof. 4.1. F. Se, Read Fe Sinn CR. Mite
Kate Skrebutemns. the Ine Mias Bee! Suaiey, ile late Dr Fla: Sil, Mrs) JM. Sesh,

oh Pie T., Soles, OSB, Revil Br B.D. Spicks, Pro 1. B. Stander, Very Reed ILE.
Sites, Rent 1) |S, Stormy Thr Fieahelh FE Stuan, Br, De R. Siappeith, Dr Pte
Siwnmuran, "Mie HM. Sseitar, Revd GA Tuaered Revd Muth Taiaot, Resd De
chal Tavucrh OP the fate Canon GV. Talon, Revd De. Taba SM, Me, C, Thowas
feed FCG Tharaay, Reed BG. Thovogod, OBE, Very Reed |. H. Tide. Ven. G
Ting, Mite RR, Tingley, Revi Arif, MOCK, Mise MLS. Trav the be De K.
‘nay Dr J. Yeonebuscly De G. Vermaoy FA, Cave BD. Visi, Be PA. Wabely, Revd
Dom Hees Waab-nupl, OSM, eke bie Canna M.A. C. Warren, hr 98. Warsoa the “ate
Rasd Ba. JA Weise ipl, OF, Gun. V. Weston, St AL Trmmo.aca Weer, AV, Revd Lr
LH. Wickham, Mine ueroe Wild, Mist Lnabed: Wil, Mis Allee Wknsa, Pr. HL
Profsee

‘Witiama, Mts Joan Wiliams, the Be. Resd Dir R. D, Willams, PRA, Mr. 6. Waa, FDA,
the se Prot. Wind, Pool De Welgas, esd Dr JL. Wont, Me Recaed Wood, RU Reve Dr
KJ. Woolleombe, and Str L.. Weight. Uhons ir bibbographical ad othr assistance at alsa
hu co thes ofthe ibiorecn Nacooal, Madi ke ibhorheque Danele, Pcs the Dri
Litwsr: Lambeth Palace Labricy the Vatican Library: the Libres 2 the Univers of
Sicrangoam, Cambrifge, Leeds, Manchester, Pancrton, and Yale, 3d che Unsere af Wales
Ungar: of Peincewn Theological Semivary, che Cocreald Instieate, Queen Mary and Wesield
Galego, Landon, the Cnion Seminsry, New York, and Yale Divety Shnel:the Victoria and
lyat Museums Trine al Langa Ligh Cor sven onal ahve hy the
stall of the Badieien Libracy and eer libraries jn Onford. acu there especallyt» ME PG.
‘llnond, Lr B Becker Beuseld. Vr D, Ball Ms. Bluudell Mis. Dean, Or G. 8 Evisun,
Ma 0 Hlesell De wR Asus, Sir Linde, Me K 8. Mee, Me, Ps Mn,
Is § 1. Mile, Min W1. E Ming, Mu 3. Mf, Norhover, as J Petes, Mis NE, Sheldon
SH ian, Moe. Jf Shioter, stl MP. Warse. we ve ll gore fa Beyond the cil of dary
AML dhe, ail tee hone ance pear in The: Caaf Eanes, eave aman, bt 0
om nt einai, ay sp bity

rts of the eck hs he 3 eu comgcwad press, Matern raga i
seutvanesank 2 the ave trae a= tha ae munca. Fase het the pe
thr this illo easr for new astrcation al zd. The erie nt fn Ie
{esigneg with the sane end in viow. Shorties have motily Seu vied foe Engh staues
her shan the older syste of chaion ly egal sire, Thas the Reman Cares Reel Ae
ta nes 4K 817 Gin Toa 34. Wh the dt tert hs lial ke dif
{rosa tus re mar aa when th loess wax pad, bath dass ae indented. Kor ceample,
The Toleraton Aut 8 ganod tn 300)..* The terme, muskitd, te, are aoa suse

ade ihthve see spl cue mom and use eve ie ses a0 nme sea He pe
and che asnneson is no malls rade ony en theres a paereula pote : eur, asf dscasion
rahe cy chagrin, fo he abcnec acca about th supremo dE
ttandaon of che Bible over another, yuntatios ae anally othe Amotaed Weir hag
cher erin are used a excepional 35,

Wor avalua's help it dating wick e various stage in the producoon process Lam grecefal
tthe Vee Heed Lptucm Lt, waa rid che sutured posofe ad eb me rns. ae hbo
ns pratiee; dhe Rew Lr Simon Francis Gaive, OP, who rea all he glee pre agains he
tiginal copy. ant only pckang printer’ eres bur a aerang me i secent shuts in RC
iveries and caching andthe Be Reed Michael Manktel, whe chveed ee Arcatean eek of
esdng book galley sul jaye pruus wa sit ul olen neanvenien) tinetable, and paling
re co improvements at evecy tage ‘Tl. dese my debts inealculble, I bave aso boea ait,
smesecking mel rll rica by Att Stier, rank Yeuey, Dr fe A Cav he Ree De
JR. Gerd, De Pees Coumee, Dr Gsin, Mins Pavla Gander, Miss Chrisie Joyres, Miss
‘Rath One, ard Dr Maria Shervood-Smith, Without ther hal, che Dison wocld not have
Fen tn elie wile

B.A LIVINGSTONE

Cater sot
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION

‘re Griian Check has beer 97 slsee stern wif PS mae: AF Weston celation
Alt he sory, le and ination a tens ep concer na nls 1p Ue hy Through
ely Paps hace eon admired coventry te Meds of Che Bt a lve abe at
incigenr incest i soreeroporary sitwee. The preset Dry Rs ec cai i ner
foleing ogee, in a weiss a ody Torm, sarge a body of ntormat.on as pine diecle
leasing om the Crigien Church It fs addesecd wa she needs ae mere of hae ~ primary
Setian is fre Chistian nis on in tho nda stay af theolgg oe shana hse,
ter exch ony tote genees body of proassing Cian wh seckinnercion a chee fash
aid is owt, bur we educate public asa whe. Fo tis cad other reasons tocbnicites
helen aoides, adits opel tha teenage hectic are so weit ob ined ately
Selgin ce bana Ie Pacino hs any apolagtte PUrpOS. tes machi elt
‘ough the objec presenta of face.

The sesps of The Drsiomary seed not be wate ee, 2 ml he diene ttre
less eat peut it paps, fra -atencn pes eye hi
rth wl need mo dcterce in ehe case fs thin which ise evidently coed it Woy a8
(Chins. "The tempr bas heen made to ye hac and proponionae tents. to the nee
ub and pees aa a5t Bed, coving oer sigue eanur, But Hit, as Woden stud
tans ruerace by Wile D thes, ros ‘roeltsc, and a host of aches ve ade aiandanes
fla, iy 6 same selecave, nd a dinsphine in which ine exaplayment of diese canes,
fr eugrpl oma stil be, sm ninsily unseat del inthe pean work Gilet
‘urna bas been psi co Wester Christendo han eo Janet Easctn Ortkedcny, co Chis
Uta aban eo char af che Camtnent, ro rhe sven ofthe amercenth cenrery Can za chase of
2 com hs eypropertun unl vl ane ane may be pees ee the reder ll
elem Fle informe on rates at corer range, (or de ocker hand, ty aime readers
Dubie Cavspe ie sume bt incucene artenton has heen ven to the non Furopet ands
‘cere Chita is 19 rly plowed, qt be rele that the Ch.tch's senaexion with
Malieeanerm an] Famoxan coices is of far longer standing, wd eis ice is meessarly
tefectie the sjce mtier nf arin hich the hesene x sl

Pvp some readers: ook for rarer fue) neartene of Diblial racers ina Sissy
fe Chosian Check thes ll be fs-nd bere; ane reasonably. ‘The wporance of ce ible
‘drouzbout ce history of che Chuech—and especie ly whenever se bas been lly alive co aer
Uoligio.voeadon-—haa aheas ber Fundam uc ie woul have be inpaible co gins

Megoste ena of tabbed suber nthe psient wore weahowt making dsproperlcne
femeads om sacs, There awl the Jes need or ding +0 in view uf Che abundant of Babel
ines he Fr ot dts (Ii total, aul Faull, soma, a cmp
temmentria of ering Fmensins ‘These works ate rey acebe n Mocs, Bat they
stesellon posites possessed excep the clergy and other tha direct interes theo opel
fidieg a ore th sun fora of an cleric Hid wl he elm hy a onakler
ale bs of ly yeoe shins wee the Dizionary wight be este a serve, Tis primary
far uch vada ha the ences oa BN fa subjects ae tela
eofacew the Fret Eicon

A sovable eonaciuane of the Desnnary isthe bblographles in seal ype ac che end of be
anvchs. To cn the reader ue thes 0 he ie advange? bf cece tad fe
Ceti abou cher constracon ana purpose. ‘Tasy sere mostly vompiled indcpendendl of the
ices. and thee dorm, 4 must be confessed, was dese the Deionany deve oped. a dha
ope omsgsency has not been acbeved. huey do aoe se at to cecord tas it aot idcequenth
the ce5e in denonary worl the sonnets hit the compiler Ayppene eo have found specaly
weil, Thee purpose. rather st tecard che pracipl ies of primacy and permanent incres
Turing on ee subjest of the ent. Lhe reudkro aked, thereto, nitty He vy ast: Es
strictures en he Fe rk Rte hich the best sige ere ims superseded” Sal ee
ss he suppose thatthe inchsion of a book. implies cx edriel mii sha. Tes sulin
familiar that a Gd book has sicatimes kad eae wtrnsic importance in relation co a paricul
avec; ual singe the histor! stent mig atod. us diver duns of such a book, they hove
‘heen elle. Carefl arene is abo been given to recone the smginal date of publics
Fal ines panty tenable the binge “he ase hy thaw cteeed in Phe anor
all ag the concen of th hauls, kes hs eonrary me exnsaly alr, the Gale gor bees
tbe take a thet of the rst eign Tar thier cho warm farther rely arise mer,
cither by xy of hiblingraphy or the subj re Hberal tation of aries atthe Trg
ovale vaiguriy at encyclo works hie Mew mile ee 4 agli lenis Our
‘srence: af danimary works thal PRE! iw be epecilycmmiended Se ity ther eehmes
fed acrursey, DTU foe te ample, al EC For ie movieriny We Fave found eet 3
fama! wa appeal geeralall ant eats al ACE. Ra vt dichaaey
espe ie ingecaraien, Fe oo ofc the ely sant ag Taher mst arene ed
urges! matets that wn hae teensy ened ite WH ut, the randn wll pare sect
Ail ing ane ro he bigraph shy i omnis Th, oie i the coe
st purn rw graphy is rscrded, ie can opie fe aun Ha one oes he
Ban

‘We lupe, fll, dt the laser of hi ail extent Ieiigape wots wo eps:
“Thue: ww parse Hitogial snd bitrate yin lye private ibrary tho:
‘iy and ae ne thus hier pendent ow pahlie Vivir, fen ar some diaton We
Tbvsed ea ie Dcomurp ol a he sade of church Vly ah nas 4 Trg es
titling aerial hut ay elie wrk nar nmpase, (yan de tis rin
Tino wil errs fever waned or many use othe Deena ths e+ erawon pene

ink, Theta rue of Brads 1 abe Cink

In he constuction of che Distoy enstant ose hat carry Been rade a Ge stand Sees
seas, tunis, cleans, and Insioe, ab eas tb. ager ditonaies,encysepaedis,
hrowologes! ables, gauelers, shes, atl oUkee works of elenenee, Weeks any yucstioa oC
Sceuray aes, che afempe a ly made wo verify dais toma sth soarcex Whe exten
to wbh tus rove cold be card had abbas Lina, Where there are many used of
‘porturstis Soe ero on every pipe, doublets my imeecesaes aurae ve ve ri be wt
‘ring oot that in sume Snatancessunsidereble aboot baa been involved in che elalhrent
ff asingle sefeence or der and hence where such, a sven this Deon, dfs Bom chat
ureetl ound olsewee, whl lenught Be prnentco ca iwi see, mould be mistake
te conclade tha ie as necesta ¥ #005

atta ta een snd she many her aluevics wet wl ound fn he"
eeface 1 the Fits Editint

leis wrncasary to esount an dew the srges be bich ee Dicmaty asa ies ree
Ie ower he incepaon to Ste G. FJ. Cambericze of xe Uafond Livery Pres, it
ke the work along aga as 939, Reference tothe Yt of Conertutars
‘al 1 show har tithe work of mane hans, nang thorn seers scholars of high
theeneeon, Roughly Fa the enrie ncliding rest ot those of mie Irspotaece, ers dred
typ hse Canina wertang “cle pndenty The rel, loner wit dhe Dblgzapbiey, ene
‘amily she Edt an. his iii sbi, Tm ome cases che aeader who tg ced in
‘iempurtry thea! Henne mike hdl efuy fr ienaing Ine utbueshp ace
ti ica. Bain ome terre the maximam unger « wis agri ae the outset ct all
‘iruibucoos shoul be subject to» ett maciiaion and revmscrucnu a seemed desir
ie aa thal tunity sil e preserve Th the eve soy rearing Poway
tne the rk of sera han
‘eonicquence uf bis method a composition a thtceison bas bean coaiuous. The mater
sc atthe Flt’ dig ded welding, a» for sie elo 4 wey By te lose
inracaoat w the amie mah eomomy of sense been ncieved, Tv thie rien the
evouts lle a great shal nf rect in he ron sage, The Fitri conse
(hat ith the expentiave of fsther Gow ied ethic prose ood ith pin ave a

coin fury epoca, he bliss, ee ware cringe ihe wrk Fa year ot
ted to he Pre ct he Bion ali at theft had st cher fon Pr io tad
estat the Wek ig as. 19 dlsty Gd yar ve mew putter perletin
isa unable sal. Wi il ature etme di work ob es impor he Fl omus
leak re gon af 3 readers o dorm hin af pss neaingoncection

hers remrine the happy eas of eapresting ny own dn, and ae, T doube nor, rhse of
ferae ses othe Dinar wo the vere Lge wampany of Ewe ho i anumerle mass have
‘onnibaed to muling. Is posible iy mention by nate nly 2 fe a tam,

‘hare ar, at, my medi assis, Ince carese tages i ewok had a vlaboe-
aso 'n he Edtnship re then calleagus the Rerd VM, Pafker, sas evo fas prin
fetccinec obit? ema? Though he bad a decisive tovea'se influence on the Dishnara he
$s ai seim compalzd ca wr by preareoé ber work, At a pec vale asec
‘os alo given hy che Revd IT.) Sulters wo, among otkerlabot, compiled de orignal st uf
covres. Thre several of he War seis, when progress wat neces slat, Vise Fie ©
Grit now now ae the biugeaphor of Therese Neumin. and it Sten, de’ or rest 3
ren nomber uf che eri evares: a eas ww her, tare than eo anyone ese. dr the possssi
a coins fet eat ac ce. Te eh Ferociean tak of lle prada vant a
Wig ret werk wih bal fer, nity, aod eam eter, ical cI 29 by
Flaahah Lisinpone: Fie ovee tive vars te Diaenary bas engngel er deeted and wncirig
gs Ua ries a ae feller wh ha een pe eT
er Ie serch, werrpomena or perunal ates arvana exes by al thm
srsing ad in Eis msi shundunt thanks are aay due tote lye Body of thee who have
fem eis o Mis Tivingaes nuns, Thang a the linge st
‘aly due aes shoring. Thre are ltvely fee uF 1h fk aril ced whic
Mir Lsingsone fas nor handled, on, where tha peoved fepnesbe, purtoed 10 a2 Un
ingichbie so. ad 1 nd het wid hereans and testa rs bh, hg
fara, ove Ivew jel hy unvcrde iie rough the esiganis wf spo: oe haa

" ah i te hs ee
‘eee splice oF Bhima, an ater

sr of Pay Henney. Tear
Prefuse tu ihe Fire Editon

their wane ot prmancarinecear This ak hes invoed hs enosuhation of har mat ac ahi,
iT nat uae, a sean aur af kein able Hvar, a i woud fe iene at
tmerdion pur indebednese onthe ats mf the Bodleian. Library and ot rhe Reading Rona hs
[righ Museum, em whem the copiation uf the Dron Res inipsed inthe eral kxse 3
ll af m ers) many sey heey butders, At the Wodleln Library, panieular thanks ate das
co ASr KG. Chapman. MLA, Mek. J Kes, MA, and uz Angela M_ Jackson

‘Ata comparatively cule stage inthe work re Bess irsied Preissr FM. Powécke nd the
Revd Protetanr 8. L. Gisenlade to repor: on ang, se fc ak cpgruanity haved, 9 real the
rvs Profesor Powiles malin eommems nn he ecker drat of the medieval exiles pre
Served us fim many pulls, while Profawar Greenslade, ho seralnaed te whole otk, made
inmumerable supose wish were o€ untold eric. le must be msived, komen that et any
imodheatons have hen wate in Ihe ex since tee Du sears melded thir tsk ete,
‘eas a. de ther mun ml be bel in any wy csgonable fr errs, J he ler sages of the
Irork mich astonce was netved ih he Pinal ates eo Fi Be WT hr Keeper
Dt Weuere Manvseripeat the Balin Lily, andy the mero” the masdicalbikbogrepa
ies, fn Dr Darel Cally, OP. The Falter aos thal sonseenee af Ws ebondan? vate
fen npn in meee! studi wil fd dre wrk «cil preach. In Semic mars,
where he Falwire on ince Rae ah hn a ee pha, be Fa ao
Thar Prkscors (2 R-Driver,© A Sipe, and (TF. Sparks and Me OT M Teton,
fo lp on spect pits.

‘vond af speci hank isd Tr hey if auaher kid Wi a yenerly es woul he
tnbelsvale tthe lr cmt brine Fits, Mir Sivvel Gury went thee the we nthe
filley proofs, den Tne fy Hae, atid checking referees apsat wanda wonks ad
Producing Tels or-aments and sustains “oe bin wk Aes Wf leven an Cia
‘coke wad ances

11 ned hand he sid thar the peodostian of the Dieu
sind fa eerie Usually chai Med to eae ot Hines Won wo
The right form forthe rit, Jn conse Ueehs ace Jue 10 ome oF Hh aleade sen
‘insed a WE! ara Mite G. J, Joting o Mrs 34 Didge, and 7 Me. larigoa, arn ors.

‘inal 4 word of chinks mest be siden vhe Ostord Lamers Press até hal priate. The
Lede hos the od fortone tn le «pbs ih unique expotines ia Ditonaie, i Ih
star the consarccon of disennary f ane ehe wholly Bunda task of Li Jabs’ leioa
srayher the eader reed bur cu she Gscinarng Prete to uke new Laat sed Sets. UW ihe
nvshed work not quite the compisionsble and acracrve back tha J cheve Mr Cumbecge
crginly expe, this boone bevare ear ax che eck proces, dive was met wicin
‘the present Edt’ apace co produce it Bor Lam ze to his fr his Feneras and contin
fs teres inthe work tl Ee rere ‘rum eke Pres lan September, and aso all wee
tmembes of the staff of Amen Mouse who save Seen vorcerced with the Dito snce ite
tavepton, The zrinters, Messrs R. & K, Clank of Edinburg, have eirned x grate of the
Ty he eae of te Stems ard em Ty lier yeu neracy a every as
Ge lime an esmpicwel yrisew i praating, ae oi om ehe Sra se well The
English, muditin of scdemie pining and publabing bis cotcuted a it bk

hes involved a grea deal a ring

Che: Char Tt CROSS
Gshod

Mat 157