The Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English PDF
Preview The Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English
Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English araaiem ^ aredAim Briaegh6i(„,gi Psoriasi3 serAi9sis Digitized by the Internet Archive 2015 in https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionaryOOupto THE OXFORD DICTIONARY OF PRONUNCIATION FOR CURRENT ENGLISH The Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation Current for Engiisli CliveUpton WilliamA. Kretzschmar, Jr RafalKonopka OXTORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity'sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota BuenosAires CapeTown Chennai DaresSalaam Delhi Florence HongKong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Mumbai Nairobi Paris SaoPaulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw withassociatedcompaniesin Berlin Ibadan OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork ©CliveUpton,WilliamA.KretzschmarJr,andRafalKonopka2001 Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(makers) Firstpublished2001 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Dataavailable ISBN0-19-863156-1 987654321 10 TypesetinNimrodandArial bySelwoodSystems PrintedinGreatBritainby T.J. InternationalLtd., Padstow,Cornwall Contents Dictionaryteam vi Preface vii Introduction viii Abbreviationsusedinthedictionary xx Noteontrademarksandproprietarystatus xx Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current Engiisii 1 Dictionary team CliveUpton WilliamA. Kretzschmar, Jr RafalKonopka Oxford UniversityPress Editors SusanWilkin JudithScott Editorialassistants AlisonCurr PhilGerrish AnneMcConnell Foreign languageconsultants Afrikaans Dutch&Flemish NIVnVrIwWpWcii;Id)InI PennySilv3.,foritiGrly OLiodlX VVllIVlll,v-'A.ivliLI DrOlavVpka Managingeditor, RrnTTinnflflpl T^Inrw^iv DictionaryofSouth French Polish AfricciriEnglishon IsabelleStables,/br/n^r/j^ DanutaPadley,Oxford HistoricalPrinciples, OvfnrdPrpnrh Rnpli^ihDirtinriPirv OxfordUniversityPress Dictionaries Russian BrazilianPortuguese German DrDeliaThompson, LixiaXavier,freelance DrMichaelClark, ProjectsManager, lexicographerand ProjectsManager, BilingualDictionaries, translator BilingualDictionaries, OxfordUniversityPress LusitanianPortuguese OxfordUniversityPress Spanish LiaCorreia-Raitt,Sub- Hungarian AnaCristinaLlompart, FacultyofPortuguese, DrGaborBatonyi, freelancelexicographer ModernLanguages, UniversityofBradford andtranslator OxfordUniversity IrishGaelic Swedish Czech MaryO'Neill,Managing SusanneCharlett,Oxford DrJaromirMalek, Editor,Language EnglishDictionary GriffithInstitute, Engineering,Oxford Turkish AshmoleanMuseum, UniversityPress HelenLiebeck,/orwer/>; Oxford Italian OxfordDictionary Danish FrancescaLogi,freelance Department Britt-KatrinKeson,The lexicographerand Welsh SocietyforDanish translator DrHywelWynOwen, LanguageandLiterature, UniversityofWales, Copenhagen,Denmark Bangor Preface We are delightedtoofferourmodelsandtranscriptionsforthepronunciationof BritishandAmericanEnglish,inwhatwebelievetobeanewmannerforthenew millennium.WehavedevelopedourBritishandAmericanmodels,notasincremental improvementsuponsomepriorpracticebutastheproductofourlongresearchexperi- enceasstudentsoflanguagevariationinBritainandAmerica.Itisperhapsironicthat specialistsinaccentanddialecthavebeencalledupontodecidewhatpronunciations areheldincommonasnationalhabitsornormsbyBritishandAmericanspeakers.We believethatourwideexperiencewithvariationgivesusstandingtocreatepronuncia- tionmodelswhichavoidslavishimitationofthedictatesofself-appointedarbitersof tasteorstyleinlanguage,infavourofpatternswhichreflecttheactualspeechofreal people. WehaveofcourseprofitedfromtheresearchandscholarshiponEnglishpronuncia- tionofthosewhohavecomebeforeus.Wecannotbutadmiretheachievementsof DanielJonesandA.C.GimsoninBritain,orofJohnKenyonandEdwardArtinin America.Wemustacknowledgeourgreatdebttothespeakers,fieldworkers,andour predecessorsaseditorsofthetwogreatnationalsurveysofspeechinBritainand American,theSurveyofEnglishDialectsandtheAmericanLinguisticAtlasProject. Andwemustalsoofferourgratitudetoourcolleaguesinlexicographydialectology sociolinguistics,andotherbranchesofthestudyoftheEnglishlanguage,whether citedinthefrontmatterornot,withoutwhoseobservationsandinsightswecouldnot haveassessedthefactsofcurrentEnglishpronunciationandcompiledourlists. Wewouldalsoliketomakeafewmoreindividualacknowledgements.Wewouldlike tothankEricRochesterforhisinvaluabletechnicalassistance.CliveUptonowesa greatdebtofgratitudetoJohnWiddowson,andbeforehimtoHaroldOrtonandDavid Parrywhotaughthimtolistenattentivelyandworkindependently;andtoLesley Upton,whoherselflistenedandmadealltherightnoises.WilliamA.Kretzschmar,Jr wouldliketothankthreepeoplefortheircontributionstowardthiswork:Virginia McDavid,forherjudgementandsupportovermanyyears;LeePederson,whose unmatchedknowledgeofAmericanpronunciation,andwhosefriendship,provided inspiration;andClaudiaKretzschmar,whonotonlyenduredandhelpedtobrighten theextendedworkontranscriptionsbutcontributedherself,onmanyoccasions,to theirqualityRafalKonopkawouldliketothankhisteachersattheJagiellonianUni- versityinKrakow,Poland,wheretheadventurewithEnglishbegan;hismentorsand colleaguesattheUniversityofGeorgia,withoutwhomtheadventurewouldnothave evolvedintofascination;andhisfamilyfortheirpatience,support,andactiveinterest. Finally,weappealtoourreaders,thelivingspeakersofcontemporaryEnglish, whethernativeorlateracquired,tolistentothepronunciationofEnglisharoundthem andtorevelintheendlessvarietyofEnglishvoicesandaccentsthattheywillhearWe haveinthisvolumeascertainedparticularmodelsofBritishandAmericanpronuncia- tion,andweasserttheiressentialvaluefornativespeakersandforlearnersalike.Yet wewilljoinyou,ourreaders,intheappreciationofthemultitudeofaccentsandvoices whichwehavenotincludedhere,andassertaswelltheirowngreatvalueforthe subtletyandrichnessofourEnglishlanguage. CLIVE UPTON • WILLIAM A. KRETZSCHMAR, JR • RAFAL KONOPKA October2000
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