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The Ottomans and the Balkans: A Discussion of Historiography (Ottoman Empire and Its Heritage) (Ottoman Empire and It's Heritage) PDF

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THE OTTOMANS AND THE BALKANS THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND ITS HERITAGE Politics, Society and Economy EDITED BY SURAIYA FAROQHI AND HALIL INALCIK Advisory Board Fikret Adanir • Idris Bostan • Amnon Cohen • Cornell Fleischer Barbara Flemming • Alexander de Groot • Klaus Kreiser Hans Georg Majer • Irene Melikoff • Ahmet Ya§ar Ocak Abdeljelil Temimi • Gilles Veinstein • Elizabeth Zachariadou VOLUME 25 THE OTTOMANS AND THE BALKANS A Discussion of Historiography EDITED BY FIKRET ADANIR AND SURAIYA FAROQHI BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON • KOLN 2002 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Gataloging-in-Publication Data The Ottomans and the Balkans : a discussion of historiography / edited by Fikret Adanir & Suraiya Faroqhi. p. cm. — (The Ottoman Empire and its heritage, ISSN 1380-6067 ; v. 25) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9004119027 (hard cover : alk. paper) 1. Balkan Peninsula—Relations—Turkey—Historiography. 2. Turkey- -Relations—Balkan Peninsula—Historiography. I. Adanir, Fikret. II. Faroqhi, Suraiya, 1941- III. Series. DR38.3.T9 O88 2002 949.6'02'072—dc21 2001037791 CIP Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufhahme The Ottomans and the Balkans : a discussion of historiography / ed. by Fikret Adanir & Suraiya Faroqhi. - Leiden ; Boston ; Koln : Brill, 2002 (The Ottoman Empire and its heritage ; Vol. 25) ISBN 90-04-11902-7 ISSN 1380-6076 ISBN 9004119027 © Copyright 2002 by Komnklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, Rosewood Drive 222, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS CONTENTS Acknowledgements vii Introduction Suraiya Faroqhi and Fikret Adamr 1 Chapter One. Bad Times and Better Self: Definitions of Identity and Strategies for Development in Late Ottoman Historiography, 1850-1900 Christoph Neumann Chapter Two. Research Problems concerning the Transition to Tourkokratia: the Byzantinist Standpoint Klaus-Peter Matschke Chapter Three. The Ottoman Empire in the Historiography of the Kemalist Era: a Theory of Fatal Decline Bii§ra Ersanh Chapter Four. Non-Muslim Minorities in the Historiography of Republican Turkey: the Greek Case Hercules Millas Chapter Five. Ottoman Rule Experienced and Remembered: Remarks on Some Local Greek Chronicles of the Tourkokratia Johann Strauss Chapter Six. Islamization in the Balkans as a Historiographical Problem: the Southeast-European Perspective Antonina Chapter Seven. The Formation of a 'Muslim' Nation in Bosnia-Hercegovina: a Historiographic Discussion Fikret Adamr VI CONTENTS Chapter Eight. Hungarian Studies in Ottoman History David and Pal Fodor Chapter Nine. Coping with the Central State, Coping with Local Power: Ottoman Regions and Notables from the Sixteenth to the Early Nineteenth Century Suraiya Faroqhi List of contributors Bibliography Index ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the course of putting together this volume, we have accumulated quite a few debts. One of the most important is to Jeanne Adamr, without whose help during the editing process, this volume would still be a sheaf of unedited paper. She also has translated the arti- cle by Klaus-Peter Matschke from the original German. On the Bochum end, Christian Mady's help has been much appreciated, especially with the Hungarian material, and Kerstin Engelbrecht and Nicole Opa^chi also have contributed a great deal. As for the Munich part of the operation, Ban§ Qali§an patiently has dealt with abstruse library requests. Our thanks also go to Halil Inalcik, Gudrun Krae- mer, Klaus Kreiser and Christoph K. Neumann, who have provided many valuable suggestions with respect to content. Apart from the material aid given, all these people's friendliness and good humor have been a source of joy and inspiration. We are grateful to our contributors as well; some of them have waited patiently for many years. We also admire the energy of those who have produced articles at very short notice. All of our fellow workers have put up with our sometimes intrusive editing suggestions, and we can never thank them enough for their spirit of cooperation. This page intentionally left blank INTRODUCTION SURAIYA FAROQHI AND FIKRET ADANIR In the present volume, the authors hope to contribute to the ongo- ing discussion of historiography concerning the Ottoman Empire, focusing on issues in one way or another relevant to the history of southeastern Europe. Such an enterprise must be viewed in the con- text of our discipline's self-examination, which has been going on for more than twenty years, since Edward Said published his scathing critique of 'orientalism'. Admittedly, Said's book but marginally addressed itself to the work of Ottomanists; yet it did not fail to make an impact on many thoughtful representatives of our field.1 In a different vein, our questioning also has been directed at the performance of national states in general, with those established in southeastern Europe, present-day Turkey included, as the center of attention. This questioning has gained in urgency due to the con- flicts of recent years. Given the political context, present-day rethink- ing of Ottoman history will often include a re-examination of sultanic policies vis-a-vis dissident provincials, with special emphasis on those political measures evaluated negatively in the past.2 Conflicts encour- aging such a re-evaluation of the performance of both multi-ethnic empires and national states include the Cyprus war of 1974, the Lebanon conflagration (1975-1990), repressive measures against the Muslim minority in Bulgaria culminating in the mass expulsion of 1989, serious military confrontations in eastern Anatolia, and espe- cially the horrors of the war in former Yugoslavia, of which the 1 Edward Said, Orientalism (New York, 1978). For much pertinent criticism of Ottomanists' assumptions, see Rifa'at A. Abou-El-Haj, Formation of the Modem State, The Ottoman Empire, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries (Albany NY, 1991). For a recent evaluation of primary and secondary sources on Ottoman history see Klaus Kreiser, Der osmanische Staat 1300-1922 (Munich, 2001). 2 Engin Akarli, The Long Peace, Ottoman Lebanon 1861-1920 (Berkeley, 1993). For a different perspective, see Ariel Salzmann, "An Ancien Regime Revisited: 'Priva- tization' and Political Economy in the Eighteenth-century Ottoman Empire," Poli- tics and Society 21,4 (1993), 393-423, and also Karen Barkey, Bandits and Bureaucrats, the Ottoman Route to State Centralization (Ithaca, London, 1994).

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