THE OTHER RIGHTS REVOLUTION Studies in Postwar American Political Development Steven Teles, Series Editor Series Board Members: Jennifer Hochschild Desmond King Sanford Levinson Taeku Lee Shep Melnick Paul Pierson John Skrentny Adam Sheingate Reva Siegel Thomas Sugrue The Delegated Welfare State: Medicare, The First Civil Right: Race and the Rise Markets, and the Governance of the Carceral State of Social Policy Naomi Murakawa Kimberly J. Morgan and Andrea Louise Campbell How Policy Shapes Politics: Rights, Courts, Litigation, and the Struggle Over Rule and Ruin: The Downfall Injury Compensation of Moderation and the Destruction Jeb Barnes and Thomas F. Burke of the Republican Party, From Eisenhower to the Tea Party Ideas with Consequences: The Geoffrey Kabaservice Federalist Society and the Conservative Counterrevolution Engines of Change: Party Factions Amanda Hollis-B rusky in American Politics, 1868– 2010 Daniel DiSalvo No Day in Court: Access to Justice and the Politics of Judicial Retrenchment Follow the Money: How Foundation Sarah Staszak Dollars Change Public School Politics Sarah Reckhow The Business of America is Lobbying: How Corporations Became Politicized and The Allure of Order: High Hopes, Dashed Politics Became More Corporate Expectations, and the Troubled Quest Lee Drutman to Remake American Schooling Jal Mehta Building a Business of Politics: The Rise of Political Consulting and the Rich People’s Movements: Grassroots Transformation of American Democracy Campaigns to Untax the One Percent Adam Sheingate Isaac William Martin Prison Break: Why Conservatives Turned The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Against Mass Incarceration Media and the New Incivility David Dagan and Steven Teles Jeffrey M. Berry and Sarah Sobieraj The Other Rights Revolution: Conservative Artists of the Possible: Governing Networks Lawyers and the Remaking of American and American Policy since 1945 Government Matt Grossman Jefferson Decker Building the Federal Schoolhouse: Localism and the American Education State Douglas S. Reed THE OTHER RIGHTS REVOLUTION CONSERVATIVE LAWYERS AND THE REMAKING OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT JEFFERSON DECKER 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Decker, Jefferson. Title: The other rights revolution : conservative lawyers and the remaking of American government / Jefferson Decker. Description: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, [2016] | Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed. Identifiers: LCCN 2016020567 (print) | LCCN 2016009500 (ebook) | ISBN 9780190467326 (E-book) | ISBN 9780190629304 (E-book) | ISBN 9780190600587 (Online Component) | ISBN 9780190467302 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780190467319 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Cause lawyers—United States. | Law—Political aspects—United States. | Lawyers—Political activity—United States. | Conservatism—United States—History. | Law—Political aspects—United States—History—20th century. Classification: LCC KF299.P8 (print) | LCC KF299.P8 D43 2016 (ebook) | DDC 320.520973—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016020567 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Paperback printed by WebCom, Inc., Canada Hardback printed by Bridgeport National Bindery, Inc., United States of America for Elizabeth, my advocate CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix INTRODUCTION 1 1. THE NEW LIBERAL STATE 12 2. DEFENDING ENTERPRISE 39 3. PACIFIC VIEWS 55 4. SAGEBRUSH REBELS 73 5. THE POLITICS OF RIGHTS 95 6. GOVERNING FROM THE RIGHT 123 7. MOUNTAINS AND SEA 153 8. TO THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE 183 EPILOGUE: REGULATION AND ITS DISCONTENTS 211 Notes 229 Guide to Archival Sources 269 Index 271 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A great many people and institutions made this book possible. At Columbia University, I enjoyed the intellectual mentorship of Alan Brinkley (my dissertation advisor), Elizabeth Blackmar, Eric Foner, Ira Katznelson, Robert Lieberman, Sarah Phillips, Anders Stephanson, and John Witt. Fellow graduate students Ben Coates, Ansley Erickson, Courtney Fullilove, Nicole Hemmer, Amy Offner, Jason Petrulis, Ben Soskis, Rachel Van, and Neil Young helped make graduate school survivable. Matthew Connelly and Line Lillevik threw me a lifeline when I desper- ately needed one. Since Columbia, I have had the privilege of teaching American studies and political science at Rutgers University. My col- leagues in both departments have given me a comfortable environment to grow as a teacher and produce as a scholar. I am especially grateful to my department chairs (Ben Sifuentes, Allan Isaac, and Lou Masur in American studies; Cynthia Daniels, Jan Kubik, and Rick Lau in polit- ical science) for their support and encouragement. Thanks also to the scores of Rutgers students who have helped me fine- tune the arguments in this book by asking perceptive questions or making thoughtful com- ments in my undergraduate courses. I am grateful for the material support this project has received from Columbia, the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, the American Heritage Center at the University of Wyoming, Spencer Library at the University of Kansas, the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia, the Eisenhower Foundation, the Samuel I. Golieb program at NYU Law School, the American Council of Learned Societies, the Mellon Foundation, and Rutgers University. Special thanks to David Brady at Stanford; Rick Ewig at Wyoming; William Crowe and Becky Schulte at Kansas; Brian Balogh, Sidney Milkis, and Chi Lam at the Miller Center; William Nelson, Daniel Hulsebosch, and Shirley Gray at NYU; Joyce Lee and Nicole Stahlmann at the ACLS; and Doug Greenberg and James Swenson at Rutgers. David McBride has been a wonderful editor for Oxford University Press, and Steven Teles has been a perfect series editor. This book is much better for the close reading and helpful comments of the two reviewers they lined up. A number of other scholars and friends have