The Origins of Capitalism in Russia Joseph T. Fuhrmann The Origins of Capitalism in Russia Industry and Progress in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1972 the origins of capitalism in Russia. Copyright © 1972 by Joseph T. Fuhrmann. All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form. For information, address: Quadrangle Books, Inc., 12 East Delaware Place, Chicago 60611. Manufactured in the United States of America. Published simultaneously in Canada by Burns and MacEachern Ltd., Toronto. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 75-130381 SBN 8129-0165-7 Dedicated to the memory of my friend James Miller Grimes, late Professor of History at the University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee A cknowledgments This book began as a dissertation at Indiana University on Russian iron manufacturing during the seven teenth century. I am indebted to many people and organiza tions for aid at that stage of its development, above all to my adviser and dissertation director, John M. Thompson, for his careful readings of early manuscripts and all but countless suggestions for their improvement. Professor G. A. Novitskii of Moscow University gave much help with early Russian technical terminology. The Foreign Area Fellowship Program provided financial support during 1963-1965 and the summer of 1967. The Inter-University Committee on Travel Grants made it possible for me to spend nine months at Moscow University during the academic year 1965-1966, and the librarians of Moscow University’s Gorkii Library enabled me to gather most of the information contained in these pages. I must also thank the inter-library loan staffs of Indiana University and of the University of Texas at Arlington, and my gracious dissertation typist, Mrs. Theta Stovall of Win chester, Tennessee. Producing a book beyond the dissertation necessitated a complete revision of earlier material, preparation of a new Introduction and Conclusion, and the addition of four entirely new chapters (I, IX, XI, and XII). In achieving this I am much indebted to a fine secretary, Mrs. Glyndean La Plante, and to Ivan R. Dee, managing editor of Quadrangle Books, for his many useful editorial recommendations. But I must express special gratitude to my lovely wife Mary for her general en couragement, and also for compiling the Index. Any errors or interpretative inadequacies are solely my responsibility. J.T.F. Greeneville, Tennessee October 1970 List of Bibliographical Abbreviations D. k A.lD.opolnenie к Akt am Istorichestim E. H.R. English Historical Review E.S. Entsiklopedicheskii Slovar* (Brokgauz-Efron) I. z. Istoricheskie zapiski l.zh. Istoricheskii zhurnal J. G.OJ.ahrbücher fur Geschichte Osteuropas K. m. Krepostnaia manufaktura O. S.P.Oxford Slavonic Papers P. S.Z.R.I. Polnoe Sobranie Zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii R.I.B. Russkaia Istoricheskaia Biblioteka R. S. Russkaia Starina S. E.E.R. Slavonic and East European Review S.G.G.i D. Sobranie Gosudarstvennykh Gramot i Dogovorov S.R. Slavic Review VA. Voprosy istorii Zh.m.n.p. Zhurnal ministerstva narodnago prosveshcheniia