The International Library of Psychology THE ORIGINS AND HISTORY OF CONSCIOUSNESS Founded by C. K. Ogden The International Library of Psychology ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY In 12 Volumes I Studies in Analytical Psychology Adler II Complex/Archetype/Symbol in the Psychology of C G Jacobi Jung III Psychology of C G Jung Jacobi IV Experiment in Depth Martin V Amor and Psyche Neumann VI Art and the Creative Unconscious Neumann VII The Origins and History of Consciousness Neumann VIII Jung’s Psychology and its Social Meaning Progoff IX Religion and the Cure of Souls in Jung’s Psychology Schaer X Conscious Orientation van der Hoop XI Lucifer and Prometheus Werblowsky XII The Secret of the Golden Flower Wilhelm THE ORIGINS AND HISTORY OF CONSCIOUSNESS ERICH NEUMANN Foreword by C G Jung He whose vision cannot cover History’s three thousand years, Must in outer darkness hover, Live within the day’s frontiers. GOETHE, Westöstlicher Diwan TRANSLATOR’S NOTE THE PRESENT EDITION of this book contains the author’s corrections and revisions of his original text. Certain minor omissions, mostly of repetitive material, have been made with his permission, and a few small passages added in connection with the illustrations, which the author has assembled for this edition. Quotations are in most cases taken from or based upon the standard English or American translations indicated in the footnotes; but where it was necessary to translate directly from the German texts cited by the author, reference is made to the German sources only. I would like to express my most cordial thanks to Dr. Gerhard Adler for his help in elucidating many difficult passages in the text, and for his careful revision of the translation in typescript. R. F. C. HULL NOTE OF ACKNOWLEDGMENT GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENT for permission to quote is made to the following: the Cambridge University Press for illustrations and text passages from J. M. Woodward, PERSEUS; The Dial Press, New York, for the prefatory motto, from THE PERMANENT GOETHE, edited by Thomas Mann, copyright 1948 by The Dial Press; Harrap and Co., London, for a passage from J. C. Andersen, MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF THE POLYNESIANS; the Princeton University Press for a part of E. A. Speiser’s translation of the Gilgamesh Epic, from ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN TEXTS, edited by J. B. Pritchard; to Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, for a passage from E. A. Wallis Budge’s translation of the Egyptian Book of the Dead; and to the Viking Press, New York, for D. H. Lawrence’s poem “The Ship of Death,” from his LAST POEMS, copyright 1933 by Frieda Lawrence. CONTENTS TRANSLATOR’S NOTE NOTE OF ACKNOWLEDGMENT LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FOREWORD BY C. G. JUNG INTRODUCTION PART I: THE MYTHOLOGICAL STAGES IN THE EVOLUTION OF CONSCIOUSNESS A: THE CREATION MYTH I The Uroboros II The Great Mother III The Separation of the World Parents : The Principle of Opposites B: THE HERO MYTH I The Birth of the Hero II The Slaying of the Mother III The Slaying of the Father C: THE TRANSFORMATION MYTH I The Captive and the Treasure II Transformation, or Osiris PART II: THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY A: THE ORIGINAL UNITY Centroversion and Ego Formation The Ego Germ in the Original Uroboric Situation Development of the Ego out of the Uroboros Centroversion in Organisms on the Uroboric Level Centroversion, Ego, and Consciousness Further Phases of Ego Development B: THE SEPARATION OF THE SYSTEMS Centroversion and Differentiation The Fragmentation of Archetypes Exhaustion of Emotional Components: Rationalization Secondary Personalization The Transformation of Pleasure-Pain Components The Formation of Authorities within the Personality The Synthetic Function of the Ego C: THE BALANCE AND CRISIS OF CONSCIOUSNESS Compensation of the Separated Systems: Culture in Balance The Schism of the Systems: Culture in Crisis D: CENTROVERSION AND THE STAGES OF LIFE Prolongation of Childhood and Differentiation of Consciousness Activation of Collective Unconscious and Ego Changes in Puberty Self-Realization of Centroversion in the Second Half of Life APPENDICES I The Group and the Great Individual II Mass Man and the Phenomena of Recollectivization BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
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