The Origins And Development Of The Ottoman-Safavid Conflict (906-962/1500-1555)

214 Pages·1983·4.339 MB·English

by  Adel Allouche

ISLAMKUNDLICHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN BAND 91
herausgegeben von
Klaus Schwarz
KLAUS SCHWARZ VERLAG BERLIN
I S L A M K U N D L I C H E U N T E R S U C H U N G E N,. B A N D 91
AdeiAIIouche
The Origins and
Development of the
Ottoman - Safavid Conflict
(906 - 962 I 1500 - 15-55)
KLAUS SCHWARZ VERLAG · BERLIN · 1983
Aile Rechte vorbehalten.
Ohne ausdruckliche Genehmigung des Verlages
ist es nicht gestattet, das Werk oder einzelne Teile daraus
nachzudrucken oder zu vervielfaltigen.
© Dr. Klaus Schwarz, Berlin 1983.
ISBN 3-922968-31-7
Druck: aku-Fotodruck GmbH. Eckbertstr. 19, 8600 Bamberg
To Jeanette and her gr"andmother

CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. .v
NOTES . • • vi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS •• vii
-MAP •• • viii
INTRODUCTION. • • • 1
CBAPTBR
I. THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE AND ITS AFTERMATH ••••••••• \6
A. Ottoman-Aq Qqyunlu Relations
B. Ottoman-Mamluk Rivalry Over the Taurus Area
C. The Impact or the Ottoman Expansion on
International Trade
II. THE ORIGINS AND RISE OF THE SAFAVIDS. • . • • • • • • • • • • 30
A. The Stlrl. Order at Ardabi.l
B. From"surism to Politics
c. From Hay dar to the Coronation
or
Shan Ism:icil
III. THE OTTOMAN-sAFAVID CONFLICT: THE
SAFAVID OFFENSIVE • • • • • . •••.•••••••• 65
A. The First Contacts
B. The Road to Chaldiran
IV. THE OTTOMAN-sAFAVID CONFLICT: THE
OTTOMAN OFFENSIVE • • • • . • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • 1 00
A. Chaldiran and Its Artermath
B. Ottoman Containment or the
~aravid Empire
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS •••••••••••••••••••••••• 146
iii
APPENDICES •••••••••••••• • .152
A. SHAH ISMAcfL AND HIS POETRY .153
B. THE GENEALOGY OF THE ~AFAVIDS • .157
c.
A MESSAGE FROM SHAH ISMAclL TO MUSA TURGHUD
OOLU DATED 7 RABie I 918/23 MAY 1512: ••• .167
D. THE FATWA OF KEMAL PASAZADE
CONCERNING THE QIZILBlSH. • • • .170
BIBLIOGRAPHY... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .174
GENERAL INDEX • • •••••••••••••••••••••••••1 97
iv
A.CKROIIJLEDGHHENTS
The present study is a revised version of' a doctoral dissertation
submitted to the f'aculty of' the Middle East Center, University of'
Utah,in 1980. Though I am indebted to many individuals f'or the
preparation of' the original and the present versions, I would like to
express my gratitude especially to Prof'essors Aziz S. Atiya, Subhi Y.
Labib and Michel M. Mazzaoui f'or their scholarly guidance and advice
in the preparation of the original version, and to Ms. Susan E. Benson
f'or edi t:i,ng it. The completion of' the same version owes much to the
patience and support of' my wif'e and daughter.
For the preparation of' this monograph, I would like to
acknowledge the assistance of' Ms. Ann Kuhlman and Ms. Jamil~
Modarres-Woods.
Finally, my thanks go to Prof'essor §ehabettin Tekinda~ of' the
University of' Istanbul and to Dr. J. J. Wi tkam, curator of' the
Oriental collection at Leiden University library, f'or their permission
to reproduce a number of documents in the appendices.
v
NOTES
The transliteration of Arabic and Persian names is done according
to the romanization system adopted by the Library of' Congress. Most
Turkish names are rendered in their common form with the exception of'
substituting "j" for the Turkish "c".
Frequently, two dates separated by an oblique stroke appear in
this work. The first date refers to the Hi iri calendar and the second
to the Gregorian.
Ithna casharl, Imami or Twel~er Sbicism are used interchangeably.
Likewise, Sunnr and Shier are used for Sunnite and Sbrcite,
respectively .
vi
LIST OF ABBRBVIATIOBS
Belle ten Tiirk Tarih Kurumu. Belleten.
BSOAS Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African
Studies, University of" London. London.
Cahiers du Mende Russe et Sovi~tique. Paris.
The Encyclopaedia of ~. 4 vols. London: Luzac and
Co., 1913-34.
The Encyclopaedia ..Q..( ];slam. New Edition. Lei den:
Brill, i 960.
IC Islamic Culture. Heyderabad, India.
IJM&S International Journal of Middle East Studies.
New York.
Iran Iran. Journal of the British Institute of Persian
Studies. London.
JA Journal Asiatique.
JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society. New
Haven, Conn.
J&SHO Journal of the Economic and Social History of the
Orient. Leiden.
JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies. University of
Chicago.
JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great
Britain and Ireland. London.
JRCAS Journal o.f the Royal Central Asian Society.
London.
REI Revue des Etudes Islamiques. Paris.
SI Studia Islamica. Paris.
WZKM Wiener Zei tscbrift fiir die Kiinde des Morgenlandes.
Wien.
ZDMG Z ei tschr!f t der Deut schen Merge nl andi schen
Gesellschaft. Wiesbaden.
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