The origin, variation, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants.

387 Pages·1949·10.386 MB·English

by  Nikolaĭ Ivanovich Vavilov

Chronica Botanica, Volume 13, Number 1/6
Selected Writings of
\It;,,,,,,,,> ..
Spef,!jf~r/ N. I. VA VILOV
Rice
~.
The ORIGIN, VARIATION,
IMMUNITY and BREEDING
of ....."
CULTIVATED PLANTS
translated from the Russian
by K. PH.D.
STARR CHESTER,.
Supervisor of Agricultural Res~arch,
Battelle Manorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio
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FTGllllE J.-.:-JrKOLM JVMWI'WH VAI'ILOV was born in 1~L1ssia ill 1887. Studied with \\'11.
U AM BATESO,\" at the )ohn Innes Horticultural Illstitution and with Sir HCJlI'J ..\ ;\'I) 1311'1'1':1'1 at
thl' School of ,\griclilture. Camhridge. England, 1913-1914, Professor, :-losco\\, University.
19H. Expeditioll to Persia anu 'lirrOlinuing countl'ies to collect cereals, 1916. Professor of
Agriculture. BotallY. alld Gellcti,". Saratov, 1917. Pre~idellt of the Lenin Acadell1Y of /\gri
cultural Sciencl's and Director of the r nstitule of A pplie(\ Botany (Institute of Plant Tn dllstry).
\921. Establishment and direction of more than fom hundred research institutes and experi
ment stations with staff of 20.000. 1921-1934. Expeditions to }\fghanistan. Aby:>sinia. China.
Central America. and South America to collet't economic plants, including 26.000 strains of
wheat, 1923-193 t. Direction of comprehensive study of the world collection of l)lants. and
use of these in hreeding; similar \\'ol'ks with lil'cstock, including horses. cattle, and reindeer.
1931-1939, Elected Academician uf the USSR, 1929, Soviet d~l('gate to International Con
gress on the History of Scicnce, London, 1931. Im'iled to be Pre,ident of IJlternational COJl
gress of Genetics. 1939, Elected F,)reign Jl1ember of the Royal Society oi Great Britain, 1942,
Died probahly in the carly ll10nths of 1942,
(v)
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PHC, I. rOMOnnrH'IeCKHe PRllbi H3MeH'Il'aOCTH y aHllna nweHHLlbi H R'IMeHR no npH3HaKY OCTHCTOCTIt.
1-4 -<l>OPMbI pRlla MRrKHX nweHHll (42 XPOMOCOMbl): OC1"HC1"all, KOPOTKoocTaR, HHtjlnRTH~
(HpaH) Ii 6e30cTaR; 5 -8 q,OPMbl pAlla 1'Bep'lbiX nweHHll (23 XPOMOCOM): oCTHcTaR, KOP01'KOOC "
(Al5ltCCHHHR), HHtjlJlRTHaR (AOltCCHHHR) H 6e30cTa" (AOltCCHHHA) H 9 - 10 tjlOp"'bI wecTllpRIlHoro R"",e Ii':
OCTHCTaR, KOPOTKoocTa" UlnoHHR), HH<j>nRTHaR (trijurcatuml H3 ceaepHoil HHIIHH H oe30CTaR (.flnoHHR).
n.
PHC. M. Jl 0 6 a HOB 0 A.
FIGURE 2.~ Homologous series of variations in species of wheat and barley, with respect to awnedness.
lA, forms of.soft wheat (42 chromosomes): awned, shoTt·awn~d, inflated (Iran), and awnless; 5-8, forms of
hard wheat (28 chromosomes): awned, short-awned (Abyssinia), inflated (Abyssinia), and awnless (Abyssinia);
9-12, forms of six-rowed barley: awned, short-awned (Japan), inflated (trifurcatum) from northern India, and
awnless (Japan). Drawn by M. P. LOBANOYA. ..
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CHRONICA BOTANICA, An International
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~t\
Collection of Studies in the Method and History'
of Biology and Agriculture, edited by FRANS VERDOORN
• Volume 13, Number 1/6, Pages 1-366, With 37 illustrations •
(Issued Spring 1951)
.!
I
-I
I' _'
The ORIGIN, VARIATION,
IMMUNITY and BREEDING
of
CULTIVATED PLANTS
.;. '
• •
II I II
1. 8 ~.
•
2 2a 9 9a
• • • •
3 3a 10 lOa
4 4.
• •
II
5 Sa 11 11a
• •
6 6a 12 12a
• •
13 13a
73
t
t
14 14. 15 15.
FIGURE 3.-Homologous series ot heritable variations in seed and cotyledon in forms
of vetch (Vida sativa L.) and lentil (Lens esct-llenta Moench.). Enlarged two diameters.
Drawn by M. P. LOBANovA. From ieft to right: Seed form in 1. Vetch, II. Lentils;
Cotyledons in 1. Vetch, II. Lentils.
1. Vetch: 1. Kharkov; 2. Kharkov; 3. Kharkov; 4. Vicia platysperma Bar., Saratov
(Flat·seeded, disk·like type); 5. Kharkov; 6. Kharkov; 7. Kharkov; 8. Saratov; 9. Khar·
kov; 10. Saratov (Wildling); 11. Kharkov; 12. Central Asia; 13. Kharkov; 14. Small·
seeded type of Russian fodder vetch; 15. Vicia platysperma Bar., Saratov (Flat· seeded,
disk·like type).
II. Lentils: 1a. V'icia pcrsica Bar., Persia; 2a. Palestine; 3a. Vicia orisca Bar.,
Asia Minor; 4a. Vicia numtnularia A1., Saratov (Flat type); Sa. Vida violascells Bar"
Armenia; 6a. Vida brunnea Bar., Georgia (SSSR); 7a. Vida melanosperma Bar.,
Afghanistan (Black-seeded); 8a. Vida syriaca Bar., Syria; 9a. Vida indica Bar., India;
lOa. Vicia marmorata Bar., Asia Minor; ila. Vicia dupuyensis Bar., France ("DuPuy");
12a. Vicia abyssinica AI., Abyssinia; 13a. Vicia leucosperma Tschern., Kiev (Green·
seeded); 14a. Vida VUlgaris (Al.) Bar., Ryazan (SSSR); 15a. Vicia nummularia Al.,
Saratov (Disk-Eke).
(viii)