The origin of prolific reservoirs in the Geneva Dolomite (Middle Devonian), West-Central Illinois Basin PDF
Preview The origin of prolific reservoirs in the Geneva Dolomite (Middle Devonian), West-Central Illinois Basin
s IP158 Xp^St cz. The Origin of Prolific Reservoirs in the Geneva Dolomite (Middle Devonian), West- Central Basin Illinois Beverly Seyler, John P. Grube, and Zakaria Lasemi LIBRARY NOV J 2 2003 Illinois Petroleum 158 2003 IL GEQL SU8VEY Rod R. Blagojevich, Governor Department ofNatural Resources Joel Brunsvold, Director ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WilliamW.Shilts, Chief Equal opportunitytoparticipatein programsofthe Illinois Department ofNatural Resources (IDNR) and thosefunded bytheU.S. FishandWildlifeServiceand otheragencies isavailable toall individualsregardlessofrace, sex, national origin, disability, age, religion, orothernon- meritfactors. Ifyoubelieveyouhavebeendiscriminatedagainst,contact thefundingsource's civil rightsofficeand/orthe Equal EmploymentOpportunityOfficer, IDNR, OneNatural ResourcesWay, Springfield, IL62702-1271; 217/785-0067;TTY217/782-9175. Thisinformation maybeprovided inan alternativeformat ifrequired.ContacttheIDNR Clearinghouseat217/782-7498. Coverphoto: Tankbatteryandflare forthe Deep RockEnergyCorporation Warren No.1-SDU wellin Marion County Illinois (photobyDavidG. Morse). Editorial Board Jonathan H. Goodwin, Chair MichaelL. Barnhardt David R. Larson B. BrandonCurry John H. McBride AnneL. Erdmann DonaldG. Mikulic William R. Roy LLINOIS ^SGS NREASTOUURRCAELS "***•IllinoisStateGeologicalSurvey PrintedbyauthorityoftheStateofIllinois PRT3295114 - 0.8M-4/03 © Printedwith soybeaninkonrecycledpaper The Origin of Prolific Reservoirs in the Geneva Dolomite (Middle Devonian), West-Central Basin Illinois Beverly Seyler, John P. Grube, and Zakaria Lasemi ubraw NOV 1 2 2003 Illinois Petroleum 158 2003 Rod R. Blagojevich, Governor Department ofNatural Resources Joel Brunsvold, Director ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WilliamW.Shilts, Chief Natural Resources Building 615 E. Peabody Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964 Home page: http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/originofprolific158seyl 241 21111 Contents Abstract 1 Introductionand Purpose 1 GeologicSetting 1 Stratigraphyand Facies Relationships 1 Structure 8 GenevaDolomiteQuarriesandOutcrops 9 MeshbergerQuarry 1 NorthVernonQuarry 1 ScottQuarry, SouthernIndiana 1 RegionalSettingofGenevaDolomiteReservoirsinIllinois 1 HistoricalProductionintheGenevaDolomite 14 IndianaGenevaProduction 14 IllinoisGenevaProduction 15 Racoon LakeField 16 Sandoval Field 16 PatokaField 17 TontiField 17 Log, Core, andRockDescriptionsofGeneva DolomiteinHistoricalFields 19 RecentGenevaDolomiteDiscoveries 23 St. JamesField 23 LillyvilleField 25 MiletusField 27 DiscoveryatStephenA. ForbesStatePark 29 Petroleum EntrapmentintheGenevaDolomite 29 Dolomitization 31 Conclusions 33 Acknowledgments 34 References 34 Figures 1 TheMiletusOilFieldandtheStephenA. ForbesStatePark 2 2 StructuremapcontouredonthebaseoftheNewAlbanyShale 3 3 StratigraphiccolumnshowingmajorunconformitiesinPaleozoicrocks 4 4 Correlation andnomenclatureoftheDevonianandSiluriansections 5 5 TheMiddle DevonianGenevaDolomiteMemberoftheGrandTowerLimestone unconformablyoverliesLowerDevonianto MiddleSilurianstrataincreasingin agefromsouthto north in Illinois 6 6 CrosssectionX-X'inMarionCounty, Illinois 7 7 Faciesmap showingthedistributionoftheGenevaDolomiteand DutchCreek SandstoneMembersoftheGrandTowerLimestone 7 8 DistributionoftheGenevaDolomitein Illinoisand Indiana 9 9 MeshbergerQuarrynearElizabethtown, Indiana 10 10 NorthVernonQuarrynearNorthVernon, Indiana 10 1 ThebiostromalfaciesoftheJeffersonvilleLimestone 1 1 TrappingmechanismsfortheGenevaDolomite reservoirs 12 13 West-eaststratigraphiccrosssection (A-A1 ofthestudyareainMarionCounty 12 ) 1 Stratigraphiccrosssection B-B'fromtheRaccoon LakeFieldto thePatokaField in MarionCounty 13 15 Structuremapofthe Raccoon LakeFieldcontouredon thebaseofthe NewAlbanyShale 14 91 16 StructuremapoftheSandoval FieldcontouredonthebaseoftheNewAlbanyShale 15 17 (a) Graph ofannual productionfrom theRaccoon Lake Field, (b) Cumulative production curve 16 18 (a) Graphofannual production from theSandoval Field, (b) Cumulative productioncurve 16 1 StructuremapofthePatoka Fieldcontouredon thebaseoftheNewAlbanyShale 17 20 (a) Graphofannual productionfromthePatokaField, (b) Cumulative productioncurve 18 21 (a) Graphofannual productionfromtheTontiField, (b) Cumulative productioncurve 18 22 Old-stylegeophysicallogfromtheSandoval Field 19 23 (a) CoreofGenevaDolomitefromtheSandovalFieldat2,993feet, (b)Thinsection 20 24 (a) CoreofGenevaDolomitefrom3,003 feet, (b)Thinsection 20 25 Geophysicallogfromthe Raccoon LakeField 21 26 GeophysicallogfromthePatokaField 21 27 (a) BrownsucrosicGenevaDolomitewith moldicporosity, (b) Bottomviewof samecoresample, (c) Photomicrographofcollapsedbreccia 22 28 (a) Brown, sucrosic, sandyGenevaDolomite, (b)Thinsectionfromcoresample 22 29 GeophysicallogfromPlains, Illinois, SmailNo.25intheSt.JamesField 23 30 Porosity(a) andpermeability (b) dataforthecored intervalfromthePlains, Illinois, SmailNo.25intheSt.JamesField 23 31 CorefromthePlains, Illinois, Smail No. 25intheSt. JamesField 24 32 StructuralcrosssectionC-C'oftheGenevaDolomitereservoirattheSt. JamesField 24 33 (a) Close-upofcorefromtheGenevaDolomiteinthePlains, Illinois, SmailNo.25intheSt. JamesField, (b)Thinsection 25 34 GeophysicallogfromtheDartEnergyCorporation Breer-HeuermanNo.3-1 well intheLillyvilleField 26 35 Combinedgraphsofthemonthlyproduction and cumulativeproductionforthe DartEnergyCorporationBreer-HeuermanNo.3-1 wellandtheoffset BreerNo. 2-1 well 26 36 CorefromtheDartEnergyCorporationBreer-HeuermanNo.3-1 wellinthe LillyvilleField 26 37 SeismiclineoveraSilurianreefattheLillyvilleNorthField 27 38 Combinedgraphsofthemonthlyproductionandcumulativeproductionfrom theGenevaDolomitereservoirinCejaCorporationwellsintheMiletusField 27 39 Combinedgraphsofthemonthlyproductionand cumulativeproductionfromthe CejaCorporationwellsintheMiletusField 28 40 StructuremaponthetopoftheGenevaDolomiteporosityattheMiletusField 29 4 ThicknessmapoftheMiddleDevoniancarbonatesoverlyingtheGenevaDolomite attheMiletusField 29 42 GeophysicallogoftheCejaCorporationHoganNo.2wellintheMiletusField 30 43 Map showingthestructuralgrainatthebaseoftheNewAlbanyShalein MarionCounty 31 44 Crosssectionsofverticalseals, thicknessofMiddle Devoniancarbonates, and theirrelationshiptohydrocarbonentrapmentintheGenevaDolomite 32 45 GeographicdistributionofGenevaDolomitecoincidingwiththin NewAlbanyShale 32 Abstract ofclosureatSandoval and Raccoon thepronounced closureneeded for LakeFields. PatokaField, which petroleum entrapment. TheGenevaDolomite, commonly overliesa larger, deeperseated thebasal memberoftheMiddle structure, alsoproducesfromthe Three-dimensional (3-D) seismic DevonianGrandTowerLimestone OrdovicianTrentonLimestone.The technologywas used atTontiField in muchofthe IllinoisBasin, isan St. JamesField isananticlinethat to accuratelydelineatethesubtle- exploration targetthathasrecently initiallyproducedfrom shallower ties ofreefstructuresinthefield, es- generatedmuch interest. Anewdis- Mississippianstratapriortothe tablishingthepresenceofmultiple coveryintheGenevawascompleted discoveryofDevonian reservoirs. Genevahighareasthatlikelymimic forupto3,000barrelsofoil perday Examination ofcorefromGeneva anundulatorysurfaceoftheunder- atadepthof4,000 feetinthewest- Dolomite reservoirsshowstherock lyingSilurianpinnaclereef. Details centralpartoftheIllinois Basin.A tobeabrown,vuggy, andsucrosic ofthe topographyofapinnaclereef studyofreservoirsintheGeneva dolomite.Wesuggestthatpost-dep- showclusteredhighareasthatare DolomiteattheRaccoonLake, San- ositionaldolomitization combined keytoexplorationanddevelopment doval, Patoka, Miletus, and St.James withdissolutionoffossilmaterial ofGenevaDolomitereservoirs. oilfieldsshowsthatpronounced ofGenevacarbonatesisaviable Implementation ofexisting3-Dseis- structuralclosure, fracturing, and mechanismto explain theenhanced mictechnologyshouldsignificantly formationofsecondaryporosity porosity, permeability, andbrec- improvethedrillingsuccessrateof throughdolomitization anddissolu- ciationfoundinGenevaDolomite thesereservoirs.Thisstudyshows tionareassociatedwith reservoir reservoirs. Mappingsuggeststhat thesuccessfulapplicationofnewer, developmentand entrapmentof Devonian agestructures, commonly yetreadilyavailable, technologiesto petroleum. associatedwithunderlyingSilurian re-examineoldfieldsandtrendsto ThedrapingofyoungerMiddleDe- reefs, areanelementthatenhances discoveranddevelopeconomically vonianstrataoverSilurianreefshas rsetsreurcvtouirralpomroovsietmy,enatndhamsorcreeraetceednt smiagtnuifriecaInltliqnouiasntBiatsiiens.ofoilinthe resultedinapproximately 100feet Introduction and tions.Thesetechnologieshavebeen fieldsthathavesimilaritiestothe implemented inothermaturepro- newlydiscoveredreservoirunder- Purpose ducingprovincesbuthad notbeen lyingStephenA. ForbesStatePark Prolificreservoirsareassociated provedand refinedforapplication (fig. 2).Theseolderfieldswerealso withtheGenevaDolomiteinthe intheIllinoisBasinuntilrecently. highlyproductive, andareview IllinoisBasin. InMarch2002, anew ofthedatafromthesefieldsmay fielddiscoverywascompletedim- Thisstudywasundertakentopro- assistinthefutureexploration and mediatelysouthofthe MiletusField videinformationonthegeologic developmentofGenevaDolomite inMarionCounty, Illinois, flowing factorscontrollingtheorigin of reservoirs. Currentlyacceptedtheo- oil atarateofup to3,000barrelsa highlyprolificpetroleumreservoirs riesthatexplainthedolomitization dayfromahorizontalwellbore.This intheGenevaDolomite. Geologic processonaregionalscalearealso prolificdiscoveryintheGenevaDo- factorsincludestructural, strati- discussed. graphic, diagenetic, andsedimen- lomitefollowsseveralearlierdiscov- tologicrelationships.TheGeneva etrhieesdriinlltihnegloaftean19a9s0ssotrhtamtenstpaorfked Dolomiteiswidelyexposedinquar- Geologic Setting exploratorywellsinthe region.The rieslocated neartheGenevaoutcrop Stratigraphy and Facies beltinIndiana (Perkins 1963, Leon- earlierwellswereverticaltestsand ard 1996).Thedescriptionofthe Relationships producedinexcessof300 barrelsof oilperday. Productionfromthese GenevaDolomiteinthesequarries Thestratigraphiccolumn infigure wellsshowsalowrateofdecline. andexaminationofcontinuouscore 3 showsthemajorunconformities Therecenthorizontaldiscoveryand fromtwo recentlydrilled Geneva foundinthepredominantlyPaleo- offsethorizontal developmentwells wellsandcorebiscuitsfromwellsin zoic bedrockstrataofthe Illinois extendundertheStephenA. Forbes several neighboringGenevareser- Basin.Thesub-Kaskaskiauncon- StatePark (fig. 1).Three-dimen- voirsaided in (1) theinterpretation formityseparatesUpperSilurian sional (3-D) seismictechnologywas offades, (2) thedeterminationof throughLowerDevonian strata employed to establishthe prospect. stratigraphicrelationshipswithin from Middle Devonianstratain Il- Further, thecombined application theGrandTowerandJeffersonville linois (BuschbachandKolata 1991). of3-D seismicand horizontaldrill- Limestones (fig. 4), and (3) the inter- TheGenevaDolomiteand Dutch ingtechnologies intheIllinois Basin pretationofdiageneticalterations CreekSandstonearethebasal mem- should enhance theexplorationand thatoccurred to createthehighly bersoftheGrandTowerLimestone developmentopportunities inthe porous and permeablesucrosic (fig. 4); (Meentsand Swann 1965, MiddleDevonianGenevaDolomite dolomiteoftheGeneva. Included North 1969) andweredeposited on aswellas structuraland strati- isadiscussionofGeneva Dolomite theeroded, exposed surfaceofthe graphicprospects inotherforma- reservoirsfrom several neighboring UpperSilurian (Deveraand Fraun- linois State Geological Survey linois Petroleum 158 The Miletus Oil Field and the Stephen A. Forbes State Park Legend A Dry holes • Bethel AuxVases McClosky Carper Geneva • Horizontal/directional Linesterminateat approximate bottom hole locationfor horizontal and directional wells Stephen A. Forbes State Park Townships IFeet 2,300 4,600 6,900 Figure 1 The Miletus Oil Field and the Stephen A. Forbes State Park. linois Petroleum 158 linois State Geological Survey 1W 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 12 mi 3 10 km r i j Figure 2 Structure map contoured on the base ofthe New Albany Shale. Contour interval is 100 feet. Cross section locations and Geneva Dolomite reservoirs are shaded in gray. (Modified from Cluff etal. 1981.) linois State Geological Survey linois Petroleum 158 37N 42"N 1 1 .') 1 1 "-_-_-_- 1 / / 1 1/ Conglomerate Sandstone Limestone Shaley Coal Chert Dolomite Shale limestone Figure 3 Stratigraphic column showing major unconformities in Paleozoic rocks. The sub-Kas- kaskia unconformity separates Upper Silurian through Lower Devonian strata from Middle Devonian strata in Illinois. Quat., Quaternary; Cret., Cretaceous; Perm., Permian. (From Buschbach and Kolata 1991.) linois Petroleum 158 linois State Geological Survey
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