[The origin and evolution of ant fauna of the tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna, China.]

5 Pages·1999·0.4 MB·Chinese

by  Xu, Z.

1999, Dec. 20 {6) 446^450 CN53-1086/Q ISSN0254-5853
Zoological Research
(
650224 [email protected])
*
11 0969,554.2 A 0254-5853(1999)06-0446-05
1985),
8.5 6
6
1997) 5
1987)
(
5
1987) 4.4
b
Xu (1998a, c) 1998)
4.4
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1999) 4 R|
R ^
4
1985) Holldobler 3.5 3.5
(
1990) 2.8
,
1991 1995 1995 Bingham,1903;
Bolton,1995),
2.8 2.3
1
2.3 1.95
1998-12-07; 1999—03—31
39500118); 950)670)
6 447
1.95
~1.37
3
2 Wilson 1967ab)
—— ——
Sphe yrma freyi
1.37 0.65 .8
Sphecomyrminae
——
0.65 0.23
(0.23 0.02
0.02 0.65 Hong 1974)
Eomyrmexguchengziensis
Sphecomyrma Ponerinae
Myrmicinae DoUchoderinae
Formicinae Wilson,1985)
II
II
2
^^
,
m
1 000
448 20
38 14.23%,
39 14.61%
267
5
4
1
W
267
127
39.33%
37.83% 31.46%,
24.34% 19.85%
19.85%
12.36%
1 267
Table 1 Comparison ofthe fauna attribution of267 antspecies identified in Xishuangbanna
/%
(faunaattribution) (numberofspecies) (percentage)
(endemic speciesofXishuangbanna) 39 14.61
(speciessharedwithSouthwesternChina) 53 19.85
(speciessharedwithCentralChina) 84 31.46
(speciessharedwithFujian & Guangdong) o 37.83
(speciessharedwithHainan Island) 319 14.61
(speciessharedwithTaiwan Island) 42 15.73
(speciessharedwithJapan) 33 12.36
(speciessharedwithTibet) 1.87
(speciessharedwithNepal) 1.12
(speciessharedwithBhutan) 1.12
(speciessharedwithPakistan) 0.37
(speciessharedwith Indiasubcontinent) 47.57
(speciessharedwithBurma) 39.33
speciessharedwith Indo-ChinaPeninsula) 14.23
(speciessharedwithPhilippines) 9.36
175855431
(speciessharedwith Indo-Australian) 20326251 24.34
(speciessharedwithAustralasian) 8.99
(speciessharedwithPalaearctic) 19.85
(speciessharedwithAfrotropical) 4.12
(I (speciessharedwithMalagasy) 1.87
(speciessharedwithNearctic) 3.00
(speciessharedwith Neotropical) 2.62
) ) ] ] . ] .
6 449
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1987)
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THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF ANT FAUNA OF IHE TROPICAL
RAIN FOREST IN XISHUANGBANNA, CHINA
XU Zheng-hui
iFacultyofRemurces, SouthwestForestryCollege, Kunming 650224, China zhxu®public.km,yn.m)
Atetract; From early Cambrian to early Jurassic, under the sea twte in late Carboniferous and middle
Xishuangbanna Oldland and Burma Oldland formed a and lateJurassic,all achievements in species origin and
whole oldland,and had the same history of species ori- evolution were spoiled. The ants originated in middle
gin and evolution. But Xishuangbanna Oldland sank and late Cretarasus or even earlier,and differentiated
5
450 20
greatly in Palaeogene. To early Cretaceous,Xishuang- stage of Himalayan Movement in early Pleistocene of
banna Oldland a)nna:ted with Burma and China Old- Quaternary, the continent north of Simao raised up
lands, and never sank again from then on. So the distinctly,and species of Xishuangbanna divided from
species of Xishuangbanna Oldland were immigrated the fauna of China,but maintained close interflow in
from Burma and China Oldlands since that time. To the west,south and east directions.To the middle and
the initial stage of Himalayan Movement in Palaeo- late Pleistocene of Quaternary,along with the forma-
gene,the northwest to southeast trend Western Yun- tion of the Hengduanshan Mountains,Xishuangbanna
nan Basin disappeared. Southwestern, southern and area was correspondingly weakly raised up, and the
central China formed a uniform continent with similar complicated and varied landforms and climates in this
landforms,and thisprovided a convenient condition for area were gradually formed. The change of environ-
the interflow of species in west-east and north-south ment led to differentiation of species, and Xishuang-
directions.At the same period,the India subcontinent banna area became a distinct center for species differ-
jointed to the Asian continent species of the two con- entiation.
,
tinents began to exchange extensively. To the later
Key words: Formicidae;Ant fauna;Origin and evolution Tropical rain forest Xishuangbanna
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