The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes PDF
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CHINA THE OPIUM WAR THROUGH CHINESE EYES HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY, ECONOMICS CHINA: HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY, ECONOMICS I The Chinese Economy Adler II A Documentary History of Chinese Communism Brandt et al I China's Economic System Donithorne IV A History of China Eberhard V The Spirit of Chinese Philosophy Fung VI Chuang Tzu Giles VI People's War Girling VI China's Regional Development Godman IX Health Care and Traditional Medicine in China Hillier & Jewell X The Political Philosophy of Confucianism Hsu XI Religion in China Hughes & Hughes XI Ta T'ung Shu K'ang XI China's Foreign Relations since 1949 Lawrance XIV Confucian China and its Modern Fate V1 Levenson XV Confucian China and its Modern Fate V2 Levenson XVI Confucian China and its Modern Fate V3 Levenson XVI Crisis and Conflict in Han China Loewe XVI The Performing Arts in Contemporary China Mackeras X IX The Rulers of China Moule X X The Fading of the Maoist Vision Murphey XI The Grand Titration Nedham XI Within the Four Seas Nedham XI Education in Modern China Price XIV Sino-Rusian Relations Quested XV Contest for the South China Sea Samuels XVI The Clasical Theatre of China Scot XXVII Macartney at Kashgar Skrine & Nightingale XVI The Analects of Confucius Waley X X I X Balads and Stories from Tun-Huang Waley X X X The Bok of Songs Waley X X X I Chinese Poems Waley XI The Life and Times of Po Chu-i Waley XI The Op ium War Through Chinese Eyes Waley XIV The Real Tripitaka Waley X X X V The Secret History of the Mongols Waley XXXVI Thre Ways of Thought in Ancient China Waley XVI The Way and its Power Waley XVI Yuan Mei Waley X X X I X Confucius and Confucianism Wilhelm XL Sociology and Socialism in Contemporary China Wong THE OPIUM WAR THROUGH CHINESE EYES ARTHUR WALEY O Routledge Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK First published in 1958 Reprinted in 2005 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, O X 1 4 4 R N Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group © 1958 George Allen and Unwin Ltd © Copyright by permission of the Arthur Waley Estate All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The publishers have made every effort to contact authors/copyright holders of the works reprinted in China: History, Philosophy, Economics. This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies we have been unable to trace. These reprints are taken from original copies of each book. In many cases the condition of these originals is not perfect. The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of these reprints, but wishes to point out that certain characteristics of the original copies will, of necessity, be apparent in reprints thereof. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes ISBN 0-415-36177-X China: History, Philosophy, Economics A R T H U R WALEY The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes Ruskin House G E O R G E A L L E N & U N W 1 N L T D M U S E U M S T R E E T L O N D O N F I R S T P U B L I S H E D I N 1 9 ^ 8 This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research j criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1956, no portion may he reproduced by any process without written permission. Enquiry should be made to the publisher. © George Allen and Unwin Ltd 195$ P R E F A C E i HAVE bothered Miss Margery Fry about English prison con- ditions in the early nineteenth century, the Record Office of the Admiralty about the Battle of Kowloon, Mr Mackworth- Young (Deputy Librarian at Windsor Castle) about Commis- sioner Lin's letter to Queen Victoria, Commander H. P. Mead, R.N., of Lloyd's about the voyages of the Thomas Coutts, Mr James Marjoribanks about his ancestor Charles Marjoribanks, Mr. J. W. Catney of Madame Tussaud's about the wax-work of Commissioner Lin—and received helpful information from them all, for which I here express my deep thanks. I am also particularly grateful to Dr Liu Tsun-yan, of Hongkong, who called my attention to the photolithograph of Lin's will at the British Museum, to Professor C. R. Boxer who lent me Shuck's Portfolio Sinensis, and to Edward le Fevour who called my attention to an article about Gutzlaff in Hogg s Instructor. In this book nothing is invented. On the rare occasions when I have suggested what was going on in people's minds I have made it clear that I am merely speculating. I write chiefly for the general reader. But specialists seem sometimes to read my books as a recreation, and for their benefit I have given references to the Chinese texts used, in the hope that they will check up on some of my translations and tell me of my mistakes. I have made no attempt to give a complete consecutive story of the war, either from the military or the diplomatic point of view. What I have done is to translate and put into their setting a number of intimate documents, such as diaries, auto- biographies and confessions which tell us (in a way that memorials and decrees fail to do) what the war felt like on the Chinese side. Naturally, in order to explain what was going on, I have also quoted from State documents. But these tend to use 7 The Opium War Through Chinese Ejes fixed formulae, and we learn relatively little from them about what anyone was really thinking or feeling. I have made no attempt to divide the book into parts of equal length. If Commissioner Lin gets the lion's share it is because he is far and away the most important figure of the period and, in consequence, a vast quantity of material concerning him has been preserved. Februarj, 1958. 8 C O N T E N T S PREFACE page 7 MAP IO I Comisioner Lin at Canton 1 I Songs of Oh dear> Oh dear! 158 il Shanghai 186 IV Chinkiang 197 v Gutzlajf and his Traitors. Mamo 2 APPENDIX 2 4 £ DATES 2 4 6 CHINESE SOURCES 2 4 8 INDEX 2 4 9
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