The Official Monogram U.S. Navy & Marine Corps Aircraft Color Guide: 1940-1949

100 Pages·1989·36.91 MB·English

by  John M. Elliott

The OFFICIAL MONOGRAM
US NAVY &MARINE CORPS
AIRCRAFT COLOR GUIDE
Vol 2 1940·1949
The OFFICIAL MONOGRAM
US NAVY &MARINE CORPS
AIRCRAFT COLOR GUIDE
Vol 2 1940·1949
John M. Elliott Maj USMC (Ret)
.
,',
-Monogram Aviation Publications,Sturbridge,Massachusetts

FOREWORD
ThroughoutthehistoryofNavyandMauneCorpsaVl8hon.
thesystemsused10markandpaintaircrafthavobeenox·
tremelyconfusing.Thelack01acompletehistoryoflh
subjecthasresulledlargelyfromthesc8ltorodcondition01
the reference collections. II has taken Jack Elllou a
quarler-century10compilehismulu-volumehistoryofthIs
subject. NoonefamiliarWIth thesUbjectmailerandliS
documenlattoncanbesurpflsedthattheprOlectlookso
long. Volume I covers lhe years 1911 through 1939
Volume IIcovers theImport8", Ionyears from 194010
1949duringwhichexpansooandchangewororulesand
notexceptionsinlheNavyandMarineCorps Thedecado
witnesseddrasticchangesinthesystemsthoNavyand
MarineCorpshadusedsincethe1920's10markandpaint
aircraft.Thechangescamesofastandworesonumerous
thaitheirimprement8tlOOwasoflenlelltolhediscretion01
commandingofficersandtheavailabilityofreSOllrces
Thissecondvolume01!heEillonhislorydocumen.sIheSC
changes and offers explanations fOl' them The OffiCial
MonogramUSNavy&MarineCorpsAlrcraltColorGUido.
Vol.2. 1940to 1949,IIllsanImportantgapInthiSarea01
NavyandMarlneCorpsaviationhislory.
WilliamJ.Armstrong
Hisl()fian
NavalAirSystemsCommand
_-
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INTRODUCTION TheSecondMarineAircraftWingproducedthefollowing: consisting of the night fIghters: MAG-61. the medium expansionofnewsquadronfuncllonsforcedthocreationof
bomberforceofManneaViationflyingPBJs,andMAG-li. new units such as Observallon Flghtlng (VOF), Night
2ndwing lSIgroup 1SIsquadron the short-lived glider program. The deployment of Fighting (VF(N)). and Escort FIghting (VGF) for Escort
2ndMAW IndiVidualunnsduetocombatrequirementssoonbrokeup Cameroperations.TheTranspoftSquadron(VR)wasalso
ThewarInEuropebroughtmanychanges10USNaval MAG-2l thiS wlng/groupl squadron numerical organization The awarllmedevelopment
cabovnnigaChltUollyfnrenpAtamwmoittnhegdalghaerlefscaertaefwtxapstaonthsdeiorancbhInanwngauermtlnfb"rIeoBmracnthademtoyfaupmfelasilgia0e1r VMF-21l WadenhmdileodbefIolsiuztrraotwyioeinndgsdthuwenenlragestr1er9tea4mi5nn-e1ad9n4(tsI6sole.fli2mtnhiden,aot3erriddgionmpaaelnrsayytisoutneMamls, OexnceMpatrfcohrM1a.n1n9e4C3,oraptlsassqsuiagdnrmonesntTlehtetesrqsuwaderroenddreosplpgenda.
maainardcrkratIhnfetgsgVraoalpudpmuliaeeldtIrIatocnosUvuSeiorsnNablhvaeaclskeatiorcchrmaaofntrgedeucsroinIlnogrfpWualoinmrtlaidnrgkWinaagrnsdI,I GanroduoprsgawnitihzeindaaFsWirfsiontlgGlorwwosue:pretobeVMnFumberedconsecutively radenumdeationtheoedp.eTr4ahttheiosnear,eltsoceoor.mvwem)elrlemfebewrnotksegnrouupp/Isnqtuhaedyreoanrsrteolaclolomnes rctwlooaannmrstiesm(yVdesSta)eI.nmNnEaoswvvcaaaosltritoDsnFlissmig,tnhpIctlniItfnsienghduoSmrbqebyuePadradetrbrlooeenltcisnSag(mqVuseGaoFdSm)rcoeboneu0s1cllnawtghmheIeScehqFauirghahhaedtdr·
thoughnonregulatlOfl,lustpoortotheKoreanconflict SecondGroup VMF SingledigitdeslgnallonswerestiliusedforuMssuchas Ing Squadrons (VF). Escort seouhng Squadrons (VGS)
WiththeexpansionofManneCorpsaviallOl1Justbefore Tl"urdGroup VMSB ObservatlonSquadrons(VMO·6)andCarnerAIrservice becameComposIteSquadrons(VC).andPatrolSquadrons
World War II the ofd single-digit system of designating Detachments(CASD·5).ThesenumberswereassignedIn (VP) operating land-based alfcraft became Bombing
squadronsbecameInadequate.OnMarch 18. 1941,the FourlhGroup VMS numericalsequenceforeachtypesquadronastheywere Squadrons(VB) Carner Scouting Squadrons(VS) were
MaprGeneralCorrmandanlrecommendedanewnumber FilthGroup VMCJ commissioned without regard 10 the wing or group changedtoVBandVCsquadrons Therefore,ItISnecos
IngsystemforusebytheManneCorps,Th1swasapproved This transition covered two months during which time assignment. sarytoknowthedaleofasquadrondeSignatIOnInord r10
by the Chief of Naval Operations on March 26. 1941. separatedirectiveswereissuedforeachcommandlevel. IndiSCUSSingManneCorpsaviationUOItSthewIngsare determineexactlywhatthedeslgnallonmeansInthecase
EffecllveJuly1,1941,anewthree-digitsystemwas,ntro TheFirstManneAlfcraftWingwasorganizedonJulyl. alwayscalled First, second, or Third. rather than One. ofVB.VC.orVSsquadrons
ducedthatwould lakecareofallfutureexpanslOl1. This 1941;and theSecondMarineAircraftWingfollowedon Two.orThree OntheotherhandIhegroupsarereferred ThenumencaldeslgnallOl'lofCamer AIrGroupsbegan
systemshowedtheWing,Group.andSquadronIntheuM July 10. 1941.Pursuant toMatorGeneralCommandant to as Twelve, Sixteen. or Thirty-Three. etc_. rather than withthecommISSIoningofCamerAirGroupNine(CAG·9)
designatorThefirstdigitdenotedtheWing(lSI.2nd.etc.). tellers2385.2·4 AD·31·rsand 2385.2·5AD·31·rs. dated Twelfth,Sixteenth,Thirty-third,etc.Squadronsarespoken onMarch9.1942.EXistingaIrgroupsretainedIhelfcamer
Gdirgoitusp.sthweehrerstnbueminbgertehdeIWninnugmneurmicbalersetoquwehnicchetuhseinGgrotwuop JTuwnoew2e8r,e1re9d41e.sitghneasteqduaadsrofonllsowosf:AircraftOneandAircraft dofigaitsisthsopuogkhenthbeytIhtsreeelf.dfoiglliotswewderbeyInthetwnoexgtrotwuopsd.igTihtseahsrsat namesunl1ltheywereellherreformedOrdisbanded
belonged Underthis system thefirstGroupIntheFirst unit. Forexample. 231 wouldbepronouncedtwothIrty· On June 29, 1944, a new leller deSignatIon was
ManneAIrcraftWing(1stMAW)wouldbeManneAircraft AtRCRAFTONE·to.MAG·1t AIRCRAFTTWO-10-MAG-2l one_ Thus. awing ISspoken 01 asFirstManneAlfcraft establishedfortheCAGssothattheywerebroughtInhne
WGspriaongcue.pa(rlnMthAtohGueg)hs1y1ssuteFcmhrometoxrptha9iSnsMIKt)AcflGawnsab(s1e1nseetvheernrouvthgisahuta1thh9ze)eredin.wnthaoesr VVMM$F-·llIt0oVVMMSFB-l-11131 VVMMFS-·221ro0VVMMSFB-2·2l3I1 OSWqninuegad((r1MosAntGMT-wA3W1o)·F);:oauarngtedreonuap(VasMqsuFMa-2ad1nro4nn)e.ANaisarcvryaMfsatqnGunraeodurpFolnTgshhlufa1nryge· oTWvhIetehrsesataydeneadsral.grsdnhiazolelwodnesdc.oImhSeOpflcle'laemmoeefnrtwsthyoIpCfehdtlohHawedrheinbclhecetanhemInaeirrutgsycrpoefuospr
didItevertakeplace.EachGroupcouldalsoconsist019 VMS-l10VMSB·132 VMB·210VMSB·232 referred toasPatrolSquadronForty(VP·40)orFightlng wasassignedasfollows
squadrons SquadronsweredesignatedInnumericalseA VMO·lI0VMO-151 VMO·2toVMJ·252 SquadronSix(VF·6).
quenceusingalt three digits, The!lrsttwodIgitsdesig VMj·ltoVMJ-152 CVSG LargeAlrcrallCamerAlrGroup
nated the WlnglGroup. whIle the third represented the Early In World War " It became obVIOUS With the CVG AlrcraflCamerAIrGroup
specifiCSquadronWithIntheGroup.Thus,thefirstsquadron deploymentofNavypatrolsquadronsthatthepermanent
numberInMAGt1wouldcarrythedeSignator111 However.ItwasnotunlllJuly28.1941,thattheMaJOrGen assIgnmentofsquadronstopatrolWIngswasnotposSible CVLG UghtAucfahCamerAuGroup
eralConvnandantbymessage281440deslQnatedAIrcraft The squadronnumberceased tohaveanysIgnificance CVN EscortAlrcraflCamerAllGroup
151wtng 1stgroup lSIsquadron OnetobecomeMAG·11andAIrcraftTwotobecomeMAG otherthanasanumencaldeSignation PalrolWingswere
lSiMAW 21_BothchangesbecameeHectlveAugust1.1941 redesignated FleetAirWingsonNovember 1. 1943, to CompoSllesquadronsassignedtoCVEswerealsollstod
MAG-l1 VMF-lll TthheeblheegalnryOwlnagsgTohoedrebwutetrheenaepvpelIrcamtioornefathileadnalilvmeoswtifnrogms walhloicwhtwheomuldtoalbloewothrgeaansizseigdnmonenthteofTaansykaFnodrcaellptyripnecsip0le1 adsecoAmimrisGsiroonuepds.byNAlolvetmhebseer15V,C1945unlls had beon
Fllst.Second.Third.andFourthbeingtacticalunits )"he alfcraftnecessatytoperformamissIOn OnOCtober1. t944.altpatrotsquadrons(VP)andmulll
Thesystemcoveredthe1stWingand2ndWIng.wholethe Ninthwas a tralOlng Wing atManneCorps All StatlQfl, Reservesquadrons,assuch.playednopariIntheconfhct eng,neIand·basedbombIngsquadrons(VB)wororedesog
nGaVurImoBuhbpoesnrI3tnhaathItetchFoalmteeuplmfMleseawndansethleFoorrrctehemeafuoludreMraoufnMeaDnenfeenCseorApHs CWWhiitnhegrtsrhyewlrfe'Oarelsnslu,igllnNhezodertdhsqfouCraadrsorpohennCsaiableHnlooewnegedivnsegrs.1u0gctrhhoeuapnsoMnneuAxmGisb·t5ee1rns.t acaosnnluthinmeyubewedreroetofcNaclaalevrdaryltoDthIaScettfIlVCdetlsdstqnuuctytaodarrosdsneisgancwmlreveraenttefdolermHlleoerwdeaTvenhred, nSchKa)atfelnSdgeWasrItnhPatthhtreeolesBnyosdtmeombrIt.nhgebu(wVtaPrraBat)hnesdrqutahaedcdoronlsnscsouhsdTsahl(IllS)O(IOwoanosmfnmaelrlgga -
8
,
I
I
I
Inglhearmedlorces,lhesesquadronsworoagainredesig Transport, utility, and support units were also formed. one.VFsquadronsusedthegroupnumber.VBsquadrons HL heavyland-basedBlrcralt
naledonMay 15, 1946,asPalrolSquadrons(VP).This While lhey Hew the same types of aircrafl as wore wereredesignatedVAandalsousedthegroupnumber. ML mediumland·basedalrcra!l
wasdone10emphasizetheprimarymission01searchand assignedfleetsquadrons,theiraircraftcarrieddistinctive On'heolherhandVBF(BomberlFlghler)andVT(Torpedo) MS mediumseaplanoaircfall
reconnaIssanceandtoavoidanyconlusk>nwithArmyAir reservemarkingstodifferentiatethemfromlleetaircraft. squadronswereredesignatedVFandVArespectively,and
Force squadronsemployIng the sameorsimilaraircraft usedthenextevennumbergreaterthanthegroupnumber, AM mediumamphIbianalrelall
withabombingmISSIQf"l. OnJuly22, 1946,IhaNavyOaparlmenlBullellnNo,46 Asuffixlellerwasplacedafterthesquadronnumberto
SbIer"oICnOcthko>seealyrtyredlaatyesdotfoNtahveallealWlolr1slouns,esdqutaoddroensitgilnleastehaavire· Mb1e5ar4ri31n,ew1aC9s4o6rips.ssTuhseeqdud.aeItdsirggoannvasetitootnhsebewnceeorwme:deeesfifgencatitvioenosnfoSrepNtaevmy.l dofiffaerdeinffteiaretentbceltawseseonrsgqrouuapd.roTnhsesweithlelttheersswameree:numberbut bbSeeqgrueianddnrsiontnagrtinwnuigtmhWboietnhres5,1ww.ehrielearSeSsiegrnveedsqInuacdornosnescuwtievreeOnufdmer
caJrarcftr.allA,stheadreeSsuigltna0t1ingthesysdteevmelowpamserenvtisoefdnoenwMtayrpcehs1011, VF 119hlln9 B CVBGsquadrons VCN,VPP,VPW,VA,VU,VT,VX,VRF,VRU,VPM,ZP,and
1946,bytheIssueofAircraftCircularLeiter43-46.The VF(N) nightllghllng A CVGsquadrons .. all squadrons not otherwise numbered started With tho
pnnctplehcavler-than-airfIxed-wingaircrafttypeswere: VA attack L eVLGsquadrons numberoneandwerenumberedconsecutivelyInoach
VP patrol E eVEGsquadrons class
VF lighter
VVAO oaUbsaCerkvafion ve (csoumchpoassitVeF&VAaboardaeVE) eThVuBs,G·Vl,F·IflBaswhaipshBaadlttlweoCoarrrmieorreFisgqhutiandgroSnqsu0a1dtrhoensa1moef TWhhaQvefilnddgeWmnaoorbrIiIelilzraeatstioiuonlntsehdoipfinstoothamenaryenmysyassmqteiunmagd,rsToqhnuissadawrtoantshenrouesmnobdlveorodsf
VP patrol vo observallon type,thesecondsquadronwasassignedthenexthigher with the new system by having each class start WIth
VVUA utrtaIlnitsypOf! VVAU utrtailnitsypOrl envuemnbenruemdbceor,nsi,ee"cutVivFe-2lyBb.eCgVinLnianngdweitVhEnusmqubaedrroonnes.were Hnuomwebveerro,nteh.erewasuemendousOpportunllylorconfuslOO
VPP photographic Forexample,theredesignationofeVG-4was: WIththeeXistenceoflighting,anack,andpatrolsquadrons
VT Iralnulg VH rescue havingthesamenumber,eventhoughtheyhadadifferent
ThenowhellcopHHHHloTHAOrdesigoattfrnbiaarsla-nnsctsJeriponvaaogntlrMsOtS>wCnUeOre: VVVVVVXTPPMCWMNF nMmdatriiearagevirhlne'eeitianolnorcerglpoyofmmilwgoehpgantoiricntnsaiginlteg CVVVVFVBBT·G·4F·''··4' ----- 1111100000~----- CVVVVAFAFV-·-·12G21AAAA·'(CVAG·') CSaa2twh0sluhael,secrieilchg1ifnl9nrea0ee4m1dac8cogeN,obnreWmaydtvoispItalhhf.ellelttsaOhtxTenechprsh.eeeryaefTrsfnmaeh,MeglciaismoetaiInV.nraiiwesnnlsageIdoesasllCbclqeerooureouraOapfndtpserdSo·de5n1ps50saqtAebuw·mce2ahoBdbmimcrSehoorpInd,lhk1esI,fa,tieeddtwda9sbo4lqperr8euold,eaincSJkkdniumloiIlydnyt
HU utility VMF(N)MarinenightfightIng Thus'heVB(Bomber)andVT(Torpedo)squadronswhICh ptwlifoiedyetahres.syCsaterdmerafAteirrIGthroaudpsbenenowInweeffrooctSfiomrplleysseVthGans
Fflauonrrtdhapedlramnildeno,isnloutluafJrteivedQngapIsnuerfposouesraepselanVngPein,eaanndldanVtwdRpolcaelnnageso,sneteswsoceoaeupnldlgaInbneee, VVVMMMOAA MMMaaarrriIinnnaeeotBrbansnaecsrkpvoatrkt>n hnsaianmdgebcesaeymnsleepmatro,tb0aU1nINbaeevngadiln,anRvinieagstieowrnvllehp5rsa1qc.utiacdarlloynfsromfoltlohweebdegtihne dswqeituphaeodunrtdoinrnesggaowrnderlehtoeatCshsVeilGgrnce'0adrwritehwrioc-ha-S'oShriegynthmbreoenelot·sdn,lggeiVtdF,na,uhnmedbfe"VrsAsl
byaddIng(HL),(ML),(HS),and(MS)raspeclively10lhe VMP MarinepI1oIogrllllhlc ObservaliOnsquadronswereeaaignedlhesamenumber digitbeingthesameasthegroupnumber,whiletholasl
baSICclassdesignahon aslheOlvisiOn10whichlheparenlvesselwasessIgned, digllwas the squadron numertcal sequence Wlth,n the
h"awdas10dabceldeIndstaItlul't"edlhetoenrdeta01inWtohreldvWaastrIpIlohoallaofp<troaginreemd Nbbeeaervny15IDn,e1ap9ffa4e6rct,mlasebinnoclIeiBIh1ue9lld3el7llnhaenNddoe.Isn4ig!6hn-e2a1tpi<2oC3n>,Cseey8fsf8elemcmleivdweehNiscw0hveehemepd aw1Bnitdh.RbaeasslleulefrfsviXle1llpseqtotuebarsdeerrovnoarsliOBsntatorstqedudifafwderrietohnnts5ia,1tIe,aenb"deVthwOae·d1eCnnocorrUleYitstOeerr· gnsuruHomnucbpe.rIIsenllolehfresthceawsseeqrouoafdtdrworoon-pdwp~1eeIdregtrfhoroeumpsanmuthmeebaessrystsh.tetehmgeroIIrusPptottwAIoollI
avlallonpersonnel.TheNavalAirReserveprogrem,..II Ingchanges, Carrier squadrons were divided Inlofour suffix.Noreservevasquadronswereformed, squadronsrevortedtothesimpleVPdesignation,while
came10becalled,waslnauguraledonJuly1,1946,with calegorlesdependingonthetype01carrier10whichthey VPW end VPP squadrons also became VPs VAF and
lGCohrloegernapvnHsoIeZeuawendd,tqIlSIuoIIna"t"oTr,lsh"'AesTllh_cioGsrTprro<nuoaprg'oarcadam!rhbreioeenifnc.lgtu.yd.p_e.ed.iNI.shqa.vueyaIndadrno!hdnaesMl__aNrAin,Se Cg_Ersaoceruorirpe1arsaC(_aCalgVrnr)i,eendr(C.u(VmTCAhVbeeEB1r)e9e.d4_I6nu-1se9tinh4ge6B)oa.CidlVLideiBgrhCullWanCrlrbdaieerrCrrIse(VCr~V(CCB8V)l,8lg)_O,rwaIneitadh, euOtelsatrtecsedrtlagSlnlewadbelimeorelnmnsglslootrpraeplMreallrIloeyld.sbq.yuapIndacrroilund0s1Inngr!:hHtethseshhloeowItreetrdSIJtIphIe<e8VtyTIOphUeeSsoleyf FrrVaooAtwlhlUo8wfdsoqelnhutge"a'naldlr1reaolMenIxsedalaml'!l"hlpebleeedsacdpaeemdcelS1l0VRftuhsnecTlslOhqenuasd0q1ruoatnhderdoenssqlgnuunamadlrblooennr,,
10
UNIT MISSION Whitethiswasaslmplosystemofdesignatingsquadrons. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CarrieervAairG11r0ou1P' GonaralBunckanddefenso oslikqpeuearaadlllrlootnhne.s.TohtDhiseurews,as1It0wesatrpsaeinbciionauglln.ydtartuiorecrbarinfetaIkhaevdaoclwlaanrbrlileIintry·.baaCasluenaddl Adantaun(adsorwtaekllinagsatsheeoxttohnesrivveoluamsetshisinvtohliusmseerioefs)t,ecchannincoatl
CVG·211029 AllwealhCranackanddo/onso numerous Olher considerations, it was nol possible 10 be accomplished by just ono person No mailer how
CVG31103 AirdefenseandOSCOfI retaintheAir/Gloup!Squadronrelationship.sothat.justas lhoroughthosearchoftherecordsmaybe.thereremains
CVG·411049 ARlUlnwcekatherdefenseandASW hGaropuppenneodloinngethrococnasslesleodfoMfajurisnlothAeirscqrauhadGrornosupnsu.mabnerAedir yIheearsinheasscadpeasbtrloeyefdacmtatnhyathis-hlooruicsaellcylesaignninIfgic-anthtrdoiruegchtiveIhse.
£lablarSauadron. fori!. Tphroecne,dtouore.silhmauvselablewareymsdeimctbaetereddththaattthgeooodldaddomculnmlselrnattibvee
VF(AG"plus)1,2.3." Aironock.escortanddo/cnso AtnolimeInthehisloryofUSNavalaviationwerethereas destroyedwhenasupersedingdocumentIsllIod.Tholoca
vr(AGIfplusll,2 AllweatherInlerceptandOSCOtt manychangosIssuedforpaintingofaircraftastherewere lingofthesemissingrecordsisonlypossiblethroughIhe
A1lGJl.S.QlLIlIWJ.l . duringthetenyearscoveredInthisvolume.However,it assistance01IndividualsinterestedInthesubjectwhohave
mustberememberedthatthesechangeswerewhatwas retainedorloundcopiesfortheirownuse.ItIsinthese
VA(AG,piuS)4,5.G Surlacenndgloundauack desiredandthatIhereweremanyaircraftwhichwerenot personalcollectionsthatmanysignificantdocumentsare
VAlAGIfplus)3." AUwoaltlCIOIU~k ropalntedforavarlotyofreasons.Thepressofcombatre· found.TheseIndivIdualsaredoservlngofourgratitudefor
Compo.ItoSou.ldaml qulrements,ofcourse.tookprecodenceoversuchamun· IhelrpartInpreservIngaviationhlslory,
ve·!10 AllwloeaatmhesrDIlDekanddo/cnso dosqaveunraerdidrtoiansngksaacnsodnpsthiadolensrlelantgdio.enpsBl.oUyIeIntdheInmroothSewIecroceamsnbeuasmtaeIrhreoeausdciadOrlrnhieoorrt cInovaedrdsltlaolnlltooutrhovoselummeesn.lloInweadntIntoVothluamnokIt,hwohfooslleowsiunpgpoforrt
VC·10.20.30.ole AllweatherOOIOC{IOO.anackand havotheequipment10conduci anextonsiverepalnling theirassistanceIncompilingthedataforVolume/I'Dana
defonse PlojectItwasall'heycoulddo'0pa,chupbailiedamage. Bell. National Air and Space Museum: Roy Grossnick.
VC·l11019 AllwoattlCtairwarningleams Consequently.mostofIhesechangesweredonebyIhe Aviation Historian. Naval HistorIcal Center, Charles
VC·?11039(loSS30) AllwOOlhOrASWhunlor·kllior manufaclurors,orbyOverhaulandRepairfacl1Jlloswithin Habetllen.PhotoSection,NavalHlstorlcalContor:Agnes
PelrQ!Squadron, sthcohoUmS,owhInilewIhhoicahircrIhaeftyInhthaodfieoldrigrienmalalylnobdoIennthoIsssuaomde. HKaosouvlekra,:PRhoobtoer,SLeacwtlosonn..NEadvllaolr,HTlshteorHlcoaolk:CLeonitser;LoDvlusaonloo, risIng10MaslorSargeant AsanoUlcerhesorvodInlight r
VVPP·3·l1I0120939 nrAAOUmlrC·apscoohknIabnI(rOlOJusCSaOaAnflc1rlelrU·ssesaancoondASW In1Rr0uoemmpslbaq0ecurepamodraoreotlhnnaetnrdasthyirfsacretnreaqmfhut.aosvneilnlsTygphleieasc'ainalronlelwyesduoolt'nevhoederaspoIponaposllis.eaodcmwcteeooruecnsoltdnararfbOanlwlgfimleny GCCRorircounhsmt,osmmr.AaaBnrnclahAaninvocidrhsot.sJSponhaNyncdaeoRvra.HileliOsyt,PoHSr-iisSahtniIopI:rDsicD.aHaNllvsao,ovCryLeyu.nDctNeoarpab.vaaanulRmgHohob:lnse,lG.ortrwalcneaJdn.l iSatnhnfiasldhlloloiamnrtetoaOacrhlkdosnessaaqantuwcoaefdnSraOoevHnDasllcsoaatrvonlaidnalJOnlahufslocglIUlhOoSoWrGdofnerroodllmvuoopvr,syoinWrcsgaeilnpoagasCbaailDnlitduyl3oAn0gi5r
YP·4Qto4 SoaplonoAI(·searocoomussonco schemeswllhlnaunll However.theyflewIUSIaswolland allotherswhohaveasslstodInIhlsprojocl.ThankYou Uponretirementhewont10lhoSmllhsoolanInstllutJOflas
VP·50'059 AIr-SOildOIOClionondaIrdofcnso performedtheirmissionsaswollasfactory·froshaircraft. Chlof.ColloclionsBranch.NeloonalArmodForcosMusoum
conltol AdVIsory Boald. Wllh Iho d mlso01 'hoconcOPI for 0
VP·6010 PtlOlographlC WNaitvhy/IMhiasrinborloClohrpiSsloarvyla0l1lonth,ewewoarrotimreeadSylfutoctduerolveafInfotoctitnhog JOHNM.ELLIOTT natIonal milItary musoum ho become tho Conuoct
VA1102'0 IrIn'Mf1ASl1qluolgdlsCtlQCOIU'PPOfl InnugmSeISrosuusedchbaynmgoasnyindtlhllemoevneircaollmpmainatndscshwehmlcehswanodremuaserkd· Major Elliolt sponMtAhJIsOReaUrSlyMCye(aRrEsT)In Sanla Balbara. bbAuedcimldalmnrlses"waae,noldlrkfnOoorlhwo'hnrotmoSutmhsoellsuhemsorsonslaftoonrrlnhDgiSUnliaknnvgaolWlholIorscdergso'y1.ooamnro.ldhheool
VR?11030 Admnl51181,vO8.r1og15hCIUpparl toidontllynovalaircraftduringIhlstenyoorperiod. Cahfornla.wherehisIntoreslInnavalaviationwasInitialod paintingandmori<u"IgofUSnavalDireraft
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Patent2.190.691wasIssuedonFebruary20,1940,toMr. Practicallyfromthebeginning
McClellandBarclayfor thecamouflageofaircraft.Such ofnavalaV\atlontherehas
camoullagewas10causelheSizeandshapeoftheaIrcraft beenanattempttocamouflage
to become IndistingUishable DrawIngs were Included aircraft. Inthecou~ofthese
whichIllustraledIheconceplratherthanshowingspecific ceoxnpceeripmtsenhtasvneubmeeenrotursied. One
designs,Abold.dominatingdesigncoveringthegrealer ofthemostnambOyantwas
porllC>nofthealrcrallwashrstpaintedon.tssurfacearea. thatproposedbyMcClelland
ThesedesignsweregenerallytrapezOIdalInshapeand Barclay.Theprinciplesofthe
placedalanobliqueanglerelatNetotheairplanesurfaces. Barclaycamouflageconcept
wllhU18lrvaOlshlngpointbeingolherthanthevanishing SwBas2Uap·2plaienddtBoTt·h1eaFs2sAhO·2W.nin
point01theaircraftstrUClure Thecolorusedwas10make theseexampleswhichillustrate
thelinesollhedesignmoredistinctandapparentthanIhe thelimitlesspossibilitiesof
sllhouelleOfoutlineoftheaircraft, ThISwasInlendedto geometricdesignswhichcould
confusetheperspectiveofIheaircraftsurlaceas10size beappUed.
andshape,OtherunbrokenlinesofthedeSigncontinued
homone surface toanother. such aswing10fuselage
Strucluressuchasenginecowlsandnacellesweretobe
brokenupWllhdeSignstodisgUisetheiraclualshape.In
..1.
addlllon.deSignshavingtheIdenl.calformswere10be -j
palnledIncloseproxlmlly10causeconfusIOn as10Ihe
actuallocallOfl01thesebodies ThiSISshownIntheside
viewdraWingwhereanenginecowlandnacetlehavebeen
paintedontheside01thefuselage.
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