The Official History of the Falklands, Vol 2: The 1982 Falklands War and it's Aftermath (Cabinet Office Series of Official Histories) PDF
Preview The Official History of the Falklands, Vol 2: The 1982 Falklands War and it's Aftermath (Cabinet Office Series of Official Histories)
THE OFFICIAL HISTORY OF THE FALKLANDS CAMPAIGN Volume II: War And Diplomacy In the second volume of The Official History of the Falklands Campaign, Sir Lawrence Freedman provides a detailed and authoritative account of one of the most extraordinary periods in recent British political history and a vivid portrayal of a government at war. After the shock of the Argentine invasion of the Falklands in April 1982, Margaret Thatcher faced the crisis that came to define her premiership as she determined to recover the Islands. The book covers all aspects of the campaign—economic and diplomatic as well as military—and demonstrates the extent of the gamble that the Government took. There are important accounts of the tensions in relations with the United States, concerns among the military commanders about the risks they were expected to take, the problems of dealing with the media and the attempts to reach a negotiated settlement. War and Diplomacy describes in dramatic detail events such as the sinking of the Belgrano, the battle of Goose Green and the final push to Stanley. Attention is also paid to the aftermath of the war, including the various enquiries, and the eventual restoration of diplomatic relations with Argentina. Sir Lawrence Freedman is Professor of War Studies at King’s College London where he is currently Vice-Principal. He has written extensively on military strategy, cold war history and contemporary conflict and is a regular newspaper columnist. WHITEHALL HISTORIES: GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL HISTORY SERIES ISSN: 1474–8398 The Government Official History series began in 1919 with wartime histories, and the peacetime series was inaugurated in 1966 by Harold Wilson. The aim of the series is to produce major histories in their own right, compiled by historians eminent in the field, who are afforded free access to all relevant material in the official archives. The Histories also provide a trusted secondary source for other historians and researchers while the official records are not in the public domain. The main criteria for selection of topics are that the histories should record important episodes or themes of British history while the official records can still be supplemented by the recollections of key players; and that they should be of general interest, and, preferably, involve the records of more than one government department. THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY Vol. I: The Rise and Fall of a National Strategy, 1945–1963 Alan S.Milward SECRET FLOTILLAS Vol. I: Clandestine Sea Operations to Brittany, 1940–1944 Vol. II: Clandestine Sea Operations in the Mediterranean, North Africa and the Adriatic, 1940–1944 Sir Brooks Richards SOE IN FRANCE M.R.D.Foot THE OFFICIAL HISTORY OF THE FALKLANDS CAMPAIGN Vol. I: The Origins of the Falklands War Vol. II: War and Diplomacy Sir Lawrence Freedman THE OFFICIAL HISTORY OF THE FALKLANDS CAMPAIGN Volume II: War and Diplomacy Sir Lawrence Freedman LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2005 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Taylor & Francis Inc 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/. © 2005 Crown Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made The author has been given full access to official documents. He alone is responsible for the statements made and the views expressed British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this title has been requested Published on behalf of the Whitehall History Publishing Consortium. Applications to reproduce Crown copyright protected material in this publication should be submitted in writing to: HMSO, Copyright Unit, St Clements House, 2–16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ. Fax: 01603 723000. E- mail: [email protected] ISBN 0-203-50785-1 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-60728-7 (Adobe e-Reader Format) ISBN 0-7146-5206-7 (Print Edition) (Volume I) ISBN 0-7146-5207-5 (Print Edition) (Volume II) ISBN 0-415-36431-0 (Print Edition) (set) CONTENTS Illustrations ix Abbreviations xi Introduction xvii Acknowledgements xxiv Timings xxv 1 SECTION ONE 1 AT WAR 3 2 RESPONSE 13 3 RESOLUTION 502 33 4 THE TASK FORCE 40 5 FIRST ASSESSMENTS 57 6 RULES OF ENGAGEMENT 70 7 NON-MILITARY PRESSURE 76 8 AGAINST BRITAIN 87 99 SECTION TWO 9 OPTIONS FOR A SETTLEMENT 101 10 HAIG’S FIRST VISIT 108 11 HAIG’S SECOND VISIT 121 12 THE HAIG MISSION CONCLUDES 142 13 AFTER HAIG 152 162 SECTION THREE 14 OPERATION SUTTON 164 15 THREATS TO THE TASK FORCE 181 16 RETAKING SOUTH GEORGIA 188 17 PARAQUET IN TROUBLE 200 18 THE BATTLE FOR SOUTH GEORGIA 208 19 THE CARRIER ISSUE 218 20 HOSTILITIES 229 21 THE SINKING OF THE BELGRANO 242 22 SHEFFIELD 252 269 SECTION FOUR 23 THE PERUVIAN INITIATIVE 271 24 BACK TO THE UN 285 25 THE UN MEDIATION 293 323 SECTION FIVE 26 AMERICAN SUPPORT 325 27 CHILE 334 28 THE INFORMATION WAR 342 355 SECTION SIX 29 ENFORCING THE EXCLUSION ZONE 357 30 THE AIR THREAT 366 31 TO SUTTON 378 32 THE LANDING 393 33 BOMB ALLEY 403 418 SECTION SEVEN 34 INTERNATIONAL OPINION 420 35 FINAL DIPLOMACY 436 459 SECTION EIGHT 36 THE CHANGING MILITARY BALANCE 461 37 GOOSE GREEN 468 38 3 COMMANDO BRIGADE 494 39 FITZROY AND BLUFF COVE 505 40 TAKING THE HIGH GROUND 523 41 THE FINAL BATTLE 540 42 SURRENDER 555 43 AFTER VICTORY 564 574 SECTION NINE 44 FORTRESS FALKLANDS 576 45 NEGOTIATIONS 591 46 DIPLOMATIC FISHING 604 613 SECTION TEN 47 THE FRANKS REPORT 615 48 LESSONS 621 49 THE BELGRANO CONTROVERSY 633 ENVOI 642 644 APPENDICES DRAFT AGREEMENTS 646 BRITISH UNITS IN THE FALKLANDS WAR 659 CASUALTIES 667 EQUIPMENT LOSSES 674 BRITISH GALLANTRY AWARDS 678 Notes 684 Bibliography 714 Index 718 ILLUSTRATIONS MAPS 1 The Falklands xxv 2 Battle for Stanley 5 3 South Georgia 8 4 The Logistics effort 41 5 Retaking of South Georgia 209 6 The sinking of the Belgrano 247 7 Landing at San Carlos 394 8 Loss of British ships 404 9 Goose Green 485 10 Movement of 3 Commando Brigade 498 11 Movement of 5 Infantry Brigade 507 12 Mount Longdon 532 13 Two Sisters 535 14 Mount Harriet 538 15 Tumbledown 547
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