The obelisk and Freemasonry according to the discoveries of Belzoni and Commander Gorringe PDF
Preview The obelisk and Freemasonry according to the discoveries of Belzoni and Commander Gorringe
THE OBELISK ~ AAWNDD FREEMASONRY AACCCCOORRDDIINNGG TTOO TTHHEE DDIISSOCOOVVEERRIIEESS OOlfI/‘' BELZONI AND COMMANDER GORRINGE. AALLSSOO EEGGYYPPTTIIAANN SSYYMMBBOOLLSS CCOOlM\IPPAARREEDD WWIITTHH TTHHOOSSEE DDIISSCCOOVVEERREEDD IINN AAMMEERRIICCAANN MMOOUUNNDDSS.. BBYY JOHN A. WEISSE, M.D., , JAluultJhloorrooff.".Oorriiggiinn,, PPOro'oggrretlluf,aannadDDaalnlnnly/ooff1thMeEEnngg/mltl/hl, LLaannggu_agge,aannddLLlitleerraaltuurree.."",- WITH CCOOLLOORREEDD AANNDD PPLLAAIINN IILLLLUUSSTTRRAATTIIOO:N>SS,.TTHHEE HHIIEERROOGGLLYYPPHHSSOOFF TTHHEE AAMMEERRIICCAANN AANNDD EENNGGLLTISSHHOOBBEELLIISSKKSS,,AANNDD TTRRAANNSBLLAATTIIOONNSS IINNTTOO EENNGGLLIISSHH BBYY DDRR.. S8..BBIIRRCCHH.. NEW YORK: NEW YORK: JJ.. WW.. BOUTON, 770066 BROADWAY. 11888800.. CCOOIP''YfRRIHIGHH'IT'DBY! JJ.. WW.. BBOOUUTTOONN,, xnso•..‘ T'I'nnooww‘'a. PI’mm;x.1'1T-ImNGoAarNmD BBOoOoKxBaImNDnImNGoCCOoMmPuAxNwY,, 220011--221138EEAASsT'rTTWwnEzLzFaTrrHaSSrn", NNEEWW YYOORRKK.. " 'I TheObeliskInitstoodLtAlexandria. (From“Eben’Egypt?) GoogIe Digitizedby GB: 1132 ·~ MMAASSOONNIICC FFRRAATTEERRNNITITYY AALLLLOOVVEERRTTHHEEGGLLOOBBEE flflyia Qpitome iiss mchiccoatcb, BBYY TTHHEE AAUUTTHHOORR.. PREFACE. As Secretary of State, Mr. Evarts, considered Com- oouurr mmaannddeelr' lGico.rrrriin.nggee’'ss ddiissccoovveerriieess oonn tthhee Obeliskooff sufficient VV'CHO'n, importance ttoo ooppeenn aa correspondence bbeettwweeeenn tthhee SSttaattee DD€e:ppaarrttumlleeInltt aanndd oouurr Consul-General,Mr. Farman,wwee ffeeeell eenncc:ooUulr'aaggEe!ddtthhaattthemanuscripts,drawings,etc.,presented ttoo us by Mrs. Belzoni,at Brussels, 1850,wwiillllccoorrrroobboorraattee Com- mander Gorringe’s opinions, and pprroovvee tthhaattaann iiDnsEtitiittuuttiiloDnn,, similarto Ffl/i'',eeee1mJ'a/,as,0<mw~//,_t:elI/,,eexxiisstteedd iinn Egypt beforepyramids and obelt'sks,' because the MMaassoonniicc tools, peipemlicular, square, compass,plummet,etc., were required to construct Egypt’s aarrcchhiitteeccttuurraall wwoounddlearrss,, and must therefore have an- tteeddaatteedd tthhoosseewwoonuddeerrss.. Moreover, these implements must have bbeeeenn uusseedd in building Babel, Nineveh, and Babe1’s Toweriinn tthheevalleyof theEuphrates. The articleon Bel- zoni’s manuscripts and drawings, published by the New YorkHerald, February 16, 1880, attracted much attention and elicited letters from thefarWest; did Consul Far- so mmaann'’sseerruuddiittee aanndd ggrr:alpplhliiccpaper, now in the State Depart- ment,aammoonnggtthheennaattiioonnaallaarr(clhhiivveess; it waspublishedbythe NewYYoorrkkWorld, April21, 1880. IInn tthhiisseeppiittooImllee we shall quote Be1zoni’s manuscriptson Egyptian Freemasonry,illustrated by ccoollmor-eedd drawings, as found theWallsof the rock-excavated Masonic Temple, on rock-excavated jUasonic constructed by Pharaoh Seti I. (0s_y1namZ¢'cw) and his I. and his ssoonn RamesesII. (Sesostris). Anyoonneewwhhoo wwiillllttaakkee tthhee ttrroouubbllee ttooread tthhiissepitomeaanndd ccoonnssiiddeerriittss illustrations,wwiillllrreeaalliizzee thatsseeccrreett ssoocciieettiieesslliikkee Freemasonryeexxiisstteedd iinn rreemmoottee aann-· 44 PPRREEIF!'AACCEE.. ttiiQquuiitt'vy.,aanndd‘ wweerree tthheepprrte,rrOolgi!a:attiivvee ooff kings, hhiieerrooIpI!hlaalnrlttss,,aanndd magnates. ' '\\VVee mmuusstt nnoott oommiitt ttooexpressoouurrheartfelt thanksttoothose wwhhoosseeWorks,lectures,aannddccoonnvveerrssaattiioonnsseennaabblleedduuss ttoo wwrriittee tthhiiss eeppitiOtoITmlee: Champollion, Dr. Young, Spohn, Bunsen, Gliddon,Lepsius,DeRouge,Wilkinson,Poole,Ebers,Birch, Chabas, Brugsch, Mariette,Maspéro, M-acoy,Rawson,Ame» liaEdwards, London Athenaeum,Spohn’s pupil, Seyffarth,‘ who has been among us in New York for many years, and Mackenzie,whose1303/allfasonicC’;/clo_29wde'a,*recently publishedby J. WV. Bouton, of New York, furnished us most valuable information. .F1r"ereeemlnaalssoornlrryy,,aass ccoonnnneecctteeddwwiitthhBBeellzzOoJn[lii’'es grand M]l.;aIassoonniicc Templeffoouunndd iinn 1818, aanndd wwiitthh Commander Grorringe’s discovery of MMaassoonniicceemmbblleemmss aannddRsyVmlnbhoollfsl on theobelisk nnooww (June 16, 1880)oonn iittss wwaayy ttoo New York,will be oouurr cchhiieeffaaiimm.. We sshhaallll aallssoo mmeennttiioonn the 55 oobbeelliisskkss yet standing iinn Egypt, aannddrreellaattee tthheeaaddvveennttuurreess ooff the1111 nnooww iinn RRoommee;; 33 eellsseewwhheerree iinn Italy;; 22 iinn Constantinople;; 22 iinn France;; 66 iinn England; 11 oonn iittss wwaayy ttoo America;; aanndd ooff tthhee oonnee iinn Germany, which, though tthhee ssmmaalllleesstt ooff tthhee 30, iiss tthhee oldest, beingcoeval with the FifthManethonianDynasty, the Fifth Manethonian which, accordingto Brugsc..hh_,t1'reigned "“ 33770000 ttoo 333300001B2.C.0.."” AAss iinn Egypt, Pharaohs, princes, hierophants,aanndd mmaagg-- nnaatteesswweerree mmaassoonnss,,eennggUinleeEelrrSs,, aanndd aarr(cJhhiitteecc:ttss,, F'rreeIe3mmaaSs(o)lnlSsooff oouurr day mmaayyllooookkwwiitthhpride ttoowwaarrdd tthhee ccrraaddllee ooff cciivviilliizzaa-- tion,ooff wwhhiicchh tthheecomingoobbeelliisskkwwiillllbbeeaa wwoorrtbthlyyr'reepp:rreess1eenn~- ttaattiivvee iinn tthheeNew WlVoo1rI'ldd.. JJOOHHNN AA.. WWEEIISSSSEE,, MM.DD.. 3300WWEESSTTFFI1FF'l''lE‘EEENN'l'THIISSTTRREEEETT,, NNEeWwYYOoRnKx,, JJuunnee1166,,11888800.. ,*.TThhiiss ooccttaavveo ooff 778822 ppaaggeess iiss rreeaallllyyaa TThheessaauurruuss,,nnoott oonnllyyffoorr FFrreeee-- mmaassoonnss,,bbuuttffoorrsscchhoollaarrssggeenneerraalllJly'.. t4}.“,HHiissttoorryyooffEEggyypptt,,""pp.. 6688.. INTRODUCTION. TTHHEE OOBBEELLIISSKK.. Tms word is derived from Greek oBeMa‘Icog (spit or broac/L),whence also Latin obeliscus, Frenchobélisgue, Ger- man obclislc,etc. Under the earliestPharaohs the Egyp- tian or(Coptic)word for obeliskwas Z111,‘/zen,' but after the Twenty-second Dynasty it was called Jllen, which meant stability. AnotherancientEgyptian term for obelisk was DjcmiAnsc/eat,w/viola, “'wrz'ttm column,” appella- mcazzs an tion quite significantand sacredin theCopticlanguage. tion sacred in from AA1n1 oobbeelliisskkiiss aa ffoouurr--ssiiddeedd pillar tapering the base, andterminating,nnoott iinll aa. ffllaattssuurrffaaccee,, but in apyramid-Eon, which is theddiimmiinnuuttiivvee ffoorr ppyyrraalmllii(dl.. It is usua1l1ly\. ooff oonnee piece, styledmonolit/t(one stone). Originally these Or'igi.llally these mmoonnoo-- lithswere used as ffumnleerr:aall Um1o0InLuUml1QeCnl1ttss,,aanndd wweerree eeiitthheerr ooff sandstone,limestone,orgranite. Latertheywweerreeooffrroossee--ccooll-- oorreedd ggrraa,nmittee,, composedof (q/'/u11a'1r1t'z[4,.fef;4l(,hl.<rg1J)naIr',,aanndd !/wto)m"nzlJb'lelclim'aele.. Thisgranite named33/cm'tc,from iS'_1/me, city in U w:an:lte wwaass named from aa - per Egypt, wwhheerree tthhoossee bbeeaauutitfifuullmmoonnoolliitthhsswweerree qonuma'rlrriiteeld'L. Theywere placedon ppee(dieess1ttaallss bbeeffoorreegatewaysooff tthhee prin- cipal templcs in Egypt, oonnee oonn eeaacchhssiiddee ooff tthhee ddoooorr;; thus, aann oobbeelliisskk ccoonnssiissttss of aapedestal, slzqft, '‘aanndd‘'p'Pg/!r/a''rJ7'a2zm2'l(,Zd2io'on7a,, wwhhiicchh tteerrmmiinnaatteessiinn aann aappeexx.. The aarrttiissttiicc 1ru11le1ess ffoorr tthhee ccoonnssttrrnuccttiioonn ooff aann Egyptian oobbeelliisskkaarree:: tthheelengthooff oonnee ooff tthheefour bbaassee lliinneess mmeeaass-- uurreess oonnee--tteenntthhof thelengthooff tthheesshhaafftt;; ssoo tthhee ppyyrraalml1uidliioonn iiss one-tenthof theshaft, andforms aa graceful top ffoorr tthhee 66 IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN.. wholestructure, all in keepingwiththe tapering shaft aanndd pedestal, which slightly projects beyond tthhee bbaassee of tthhee shaft. The Egyptians had observed, tthhaatt tthhee play ooff tthhee Oh.IAl'';'A(L sunbeamson a polished surfacemade iitt aappppeeaarr ccoonnccaavvee,, aall-- thoughit was perfectlylevel and ssmm:oooottbh,,aanndd ggaavvee ttoo tthhee faceaccmonwveexx2ittyyexactlyppJrl'oOplJoiOrrtlitoionlrlaaft:ee ttoo tthhaattopticaliilllluussiioonn.. Theconvexityof theobeliskof Luxor, in Paris, wwhhiicchh aapp-- pears absolutelylevel, iiss 1166 lliinneess iinn tthhee cceennttrree.. TThhiisssimple detail clearly shows a minute observation aanndd aa vveerryy aadd-- vancedart. Thustheir slightlyccoonncveewx ssiiddeess iinnccrreeaassee tthheeiirr apparentheight. Theppyyrraa;mmiiddii(o)nn,,oorr aappeexx,, wwaass mmaaddee mmoorree ppOoilnnttee:dd iinn ssoommeeoobbeelliisskksstthhaanniinnootthheerrss.. Most Egyptian obelisks bear hieroglyphic inscriptions: Most tthhee four facesoorr ssiiddeess aarree engravedwwiitthh care, despite the hardness of thesyenite,wwhhiicchh mmunsstthhaavvee pprr'eesseemntteeddiimmmmeennssee difficulties, especially wwhheenn wwee consider, thattheyhhaadd nnoo ttoooollss aanndd ffaacciilliittiieessaass wwee have. Hieroglyphsaarree ullRs1uHal.lllliyv engraved oonn ffoouurr ssiiddeess from the top downward. There aarree tthhrreeee perpendicularrroowwss on_ each side, the middle one ooff wwhhiicchhiiss rreeaaddffiirrsstt;; tthheenntheone on theright; and next the theleft. Thus, thetranslatorsof obelistichiero- oonneeoonn the glyphsppaassss ffrroomm ssiiddee ttoo side and then adjust the whole. OOnn tthheeoobbeelliisskkooff Luxor, iinn Paris,the medialinscriptionof tthhrreeeeooff tthheessiiddeess iiss ddeeddiiccaatteeddttoo Rameses IIII.. ;; whereas the ttwwoo llaatteerraallooff tthheesseetthhrreeee sides aanndd tthhee ffoouurrtthh eennttiirree side aarree aabboouutt Rameses III., who ccaauusseedd the wwoorrkk ttoo bbee ccoomm-- pleted. TThhee wwoorrkkooff tthheeeennggrraavveerraallssoo ddiiffffeerrss:: tthhee iInnSscCrrilpl)-- I ttiioonnss ooff the umuiudud.l"e, ccoollmumnnn aarree deeplyccnutt;; wwhheerreeaass tthhoossee of tthhee llaatteerraall columns hhaavvee lleessss depth by one-half. This aarrlr'aannggeelm:neenntt,, tthhuuss contrived, iiss ooff aa hhaarrmmoonniioouuss ssyymmmmee-- n.)..* The gracefullyproportionedpillar,styledobelisk, ObellSK, wwaass ccoo»- éval with budding Egyptian art; for we find iilt. ffrroomm tthhee **WWee ggiivvee tthheessee ddeettaaiillss ttoo eennaabbllee rreeaaddeerrss ttoo uunnddeerrssttaanndd tthhee mmOodOuuss ooppeerraannddii ooff EEggyyppttoollooggiissttss,, wwhhoo ttrraalnlis\llaattee tthhee iinnssccrriippttiioonnss oonn oobbeelliisskkss.. MMoorreeoovveerr,,wwhheenntthheeyyggllaanncceeaattaann oobbeelliisskk,,tthheeyywwiillllkknnoowwhhoowwtthheeEEggyypp-- ttiiaannssrreewaddaaggeessaa;g5oo.. .. INTRODUCLIION. INTRODUCTION. '77 FourthaannddFFiifftthhMMaanneetthhoonnjiaannDDy.ynnaass,ttiieelss((33700ttoo33330000B.o.*) ttoo tthhee RRoommaann sswwaayy under Domitian,AAJ.n).. 113322.. OObbeelliisskkss wweerree nnoott onlyuusseedd aass mmoonnuummeennttssttoo tthheegods aanndd tthhee dead, bbuutt ffoorr recording the ddeeeeddss aanndd reigns ooff Phai-aohs; but, bbeessiiddeess these ddeevvoottiioonnaall ppuurrppoosseess,, theyhhaadd aa practical oobb-- ject, aanndd sseerrvveedd aass ggnnoommoonnss oorr bands,wwhhoossee sshhaaddooww wwaags mmaaddee ttoo indicate tthhee hhoouurrss of tthhee day,+aasswwiillll aappppeeaarr iinn theccoouurrssee ooff tthhiisseeppii.ttoomlnee.. In thefirst century of oouurr eerraa Pliny wrote: “Monarchs eenntteerreedd into a kindof rivalry in forming elongated blocks ooff tthhiiss stone, known as obelisks, and consecrated them to thedivinityof themm. Theblockshad thisform given to themin resemblanceto theraysof thatluminary,which are calledin theEgyptianlanguage.” The Romanarcheolo~ so gist littledreamed that,nineteen centuries after he penned theselines,modern savantswould decipherfrom hieroglyphs Sati,which is the of Egyptiangoddess, and name an means sun-beam. Thus we realize,thattheoobbleeiliisskkwwaassccoonnnneecctteeddwwiitthh sHumn-- worship. The Greek stelaa and Romanccoolluummnnsswweerree prob- i'\JIU<lU ablyddeerriivveedd therefrom. Solomon’sttwwoo pillars,Jac/tinand Boas,wweerree bbuuttaann iimmiittaattiioonnooff ttwwoo oobbeelliisskkssaatt theeennttrraannccee of Egyptian temples; ssoo aarree the ttwwoo ttoowweerrss oonn GGootthhiicc ccaatthheeddrraallss and two steeples oonn cchhuurrcchheess.. P1-e'"r.h·1a"p."s" OOvviidd’'ss "“PPhhiilleemmoonn and Baucz'.9” wweerree bboorrrroowweedd ffrroomm SSoolloommoonn’'ss -Ut,f,U,:;Uj" Temple, Baucis being only linguistic namesake of aa namesake of BBooaazz?.5’ No wonderobelisks,cherishedduringfourthousandyears, nnooww aaddoorrnn (Gil'(r!e(!ejVn/,wwoooo<di,, Auburn.AllSouls, Pére la C/taiee, wwhheerree tthheeiirreettlhleerr,eeaall123/7'a77u'(Zz'o7tsarelegion. NewYorkers **BBrrunggsscchh‘'ss"“HHiissttoorryyooff EEggyypptt,,"" pp.. 6688.. t1-VVoollttaaiirree,,ssppeeaakkiinngg ooff aanncciieennttIzorology,oobbsseerrvveess;: "“BBuuttoouurrmmeemrikdlziaunaiss (atlr'ee mmoorreejjuussttttlhwa.nntthhoosseeooffaannttiiqqzutiittyy.."” HHaaddtthheeaauutthhoorrooff .“.CChhaarrlekssXXIILI"” aanndd"“ZZazi'lirree""tthhoouugghhttbbeeffoorreehheeppeennnneeddtthhiisssseenntteennccee,,hheewwoouullddhhaavveerreeaall-- iizzeedd,,tthhaatthheewwaasstteelllliinnggtthheewwoorrllddnnootthhiinnggnneewwoorrssttrriikkiinngg;; ffoorrmmaannkkiinndd hhaadd aabboouutt ttwwoo tthhoouussaannddyyeeaarrss ttoopprrooggrreessss iinn ggeeooggrraapphhyy,,mmeerriiddiiaannss,,aanndd IalsSttrroonnoommyy..
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